Aerobic and anaerobic contributions to energy metabolism in perfused isolated sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) hearts

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1880-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Driedzic ◽  
Donna L. Scott ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Fish Heart ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Experimental Preparation

The relative contribution of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to ATP production was assessed in sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) hearts. The problem was approached by measuring the rates of oxygen consumption and lactate production by perfused isolated hearts performing mechanical work. In the experimental preparation aerobic metabolism could account for essentially all of the ATP synthesized; as such, the organization of metabolism in this fish heart appears similar to reptilian and mammalian hearts under conditions of adequate oxygen availability.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic inhibitors on avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptors

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (5) ◽  
pp. R1576-R1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Q. Pilarski ◽  
Irene C. Solomon ◽  
Delbert L. Kilgore ◽  
Steven C. Hempleman
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Production ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intrapulmonary Chemoreceptors ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupler ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Birds have rapidly responding respiratory chemoreceptors [intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC)] that provide vagal sensory feedback about breathing pattern. IPC are exquisitely sensitive to CO2 but are unaffected by hypoxia. IPC continue to respond to CO2 during hypoxic and even anoxic conditions, suggesting that they may generate ATP needed for signal transduction anaerobically. To assess IPC energy metabolism, single-cell action potential discharge and acid-base status were recorded from 26 pentobarbital-anesthetized Anas platyrhynchos before and after intravenous infusion of the glycolytic blocker iodoacetate (10–70 mg/kg), mitochondrial blocker rotenone (2 mg/kg), and/or mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (5–15 mg/kg). After 5 min exposure at the highest dosages, iodoacetate inhibited IPC discharge 65% (15.9 ± 0.3 s−1 to 5.5 ± 0.3 s−1, P < 0.05), rotenone inhibited discharge 80% (12.9 ± 0.5 s−1 to 2.6 ± 0.6 s−1, P < 0.05), and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited discharge 19% (14.0 ± 0.3 s−1 to 11.3 ± 0.3 s−1, P < 0.05). These results suggest that IPC utilize glucose, require an intact glycolytic pathway, and metabolize the products of glycolysis to CO2 and H2O by mitochondrial respiration. The small but significant effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol suggests that ATP production by glycolysis may be sufficient to meet IPC energy demands if NADH can be oxidized to NAD experimentally by uncoupling mitochondria, or physiologically by transient lactate production. A model for IPC spike frequency adaptation is proposed, whereby the rapid onset of phasic IPC discharge requires ATP from anaerobic glycolysis, using lactate as the electron acceptor, and the roll-off in IPC discharge reflects transient acidosis due to intracellular lactic acid accumulation.

Mitochondrial protection by the thioredoxin-2 and glutathione systems in an in vitro endothelial model of sepsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 436 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon A. Lowes ◽  
Helen F. Galley
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Mitochondrial Glutathione ◽  
Thioredoxin 2

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features in patients with sepsis and organ failure. Within mitochondria, superoxide is converted into hydrogen peroxide by MnSOD (manganese-containing superoxide dismutase), which is then detoxified by either the mGSH (mitochondrial glutathione) system, using the enzymes mGPx-1 (mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase-1), GRD (glutathione reductase) and mGSH, or the TRX-2 (thioredoxin-2) system, which uses the enzymes PRX-3 (peroxiredoxin-3) and TRX-2R (thioredoxin reductase-2) and TRX-2. In the present paper we investigated the relative contribution of these two systems, using selective inhibitors, in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells cultured with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) and PepG (peptidoglycan). Specific inhibition of both the TRX-2 and mGSH systems increased the intracellular total radical production (P<0.05) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potentials (P<0.05). Inhibition of the TRX-2 system, but not mGSH, resulted in lower ATP production (P<0.001) with high metabolic activity (P<0.001), low oxygen consumption (P<0.001) and increased lactate production (P<0.001) and caspase 3/7 activation (P<0.05). Collectively these results show that the TRX-2 system appears to have a more important role in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction than the mGSH system in endothelial cells under conditions that mimic a septic insult.

Control of lactate oxidation in fish hearts by lactate oxidase activity

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Driedzic ◽  
John M. Stewart ◽  
Gwen McNairn
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Lactate Oxidase ◽  
Lactate Oxidation ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus ◽  
Perfused Hearts

Isolated hearts of ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) and sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) were perfused with media containing [14C]lactate or pyruvate and the rate of 14CO2 production was monitored. Increases in exogenous lactate concentration resulted in increases in the rate of lactate metabolism. Under comparable perfusion conditions the rate of decarboxylation of pyruvate was three- to four-fold higher than that of lactate. This finding suggests that lactate oxidation was being limited by lactate oxidase. LDH was purified and the Km values for lactate and pyruvate assessed under conditions of saturating cofactor concentration. Both hearts had a muscle type LDH on the basis of Km (pyruvate). Lactate oxidase from ocean pout and sea raven heart displayed Km values of 25 and 20 mM for lactate, respectively. The Km values were well above the presumptive intracellular level of lactate in the perfused hearts. Considered together, the perfusion and isolated enzyme studies show that the catabolism of exogenous lactate is limited by the reaction catalyzed by lactate oxidase.

Platelet Metabolism during the Interiorization of Two Different Types of Particulate Matter

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Cooper ◽  
P Cochrane ◽  
B. G. Firkin ◽  
K. J. Pinkard
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

SummaryIt has been suggested that human platelets possess the ability to phagocytose particulate matter similar to the polymorphonuclear leukocyte. However some difference of opinion has arisen regarding this contention, particularly as differences have been demonstrated with regard to the observed metabolic changes occurring in platelets related to such a process.The experiments reported in this paper were designed to observe the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in human platelets during and following interiorization of two different particles, viz. polystyrene latex and thorotrast. The results of these experiments show a marked difference between both types of particles with regard to observable metabolic changes despite the rapid interiorization of both types of material. Some alteration occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism a considerable time after interiorization of latex, whereas no alteration could be demonstrated after interiorization of thorotrast. It is suggested that the interiorization of particulate matter is by some process other than phagocytosis and that observed metabolic changes related to latex may be due to a release reaction.

A model-driven quantitative metabolomics analysis of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism inE. coliK-12 MG1655 that is biochemically and thermodynamically consistent

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas McCloskey ◽  
Jon A. Gangoiti ◽  
Zachary A. King ◽  
Robert K. Naviaux ◽  
Bruce A. Barshop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Quantitative Metabolomics ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

scholarly journals Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism for the zebrafish, Danio rerio, reared under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and exposed to acute hypoxia during development

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Barrionuevo ◽  
MN Fernandes ◽  
O Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Mild Hypoxia

In order to verify the influence of chronic and acute ambient oxygen levels from egg to adult stage of the zebrafish, in vivo oxygen consumption (MO2), critical tensions of oxygen (Pcrit), heart rate (fH) and total body lactate concentration (Lc) were determined for Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) raised at 28 °C under normoxic (7.5 mgO2.L-1 or 80 mm.Hg-1) and hypoxic conditions (4.3 mgO2.L-1) and exposed to acute hypoxia during different developmental stages. Our findings confirmed that very early stages do not respond effectively to ambient acute hypoxia. However, after the stage corresponding to the age of 30 days, D. rerio was able to respond to acute hypoxia through effective physiological mechanisms involving aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Such responses were more efficient for the fishes reared under hypoxia which showed that D. rerio survival capability increased during acclimation to mild hypoxia. Measurements of body mass and length showed that moderate hypoxia did not affect growth significantly until the fish reached the stage of 60 days. Moreover, a growth delay was verified for the hypoxic-reared animals. Also, the D. rerio eggs-to-larvae survival varied from 87.7 to 62.4% in animals reared under normoxia and mild hypoxia, respectively. However, the surviving animals raised under moderated hypoxia showed a better aptitude to regulate aerobic and anaerobic capacities when exposed to acute hypoxia.

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