Insect territoriality

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Territorial Behavior ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Lek Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Consequences

Territorial behavior has been reported in many orders of insects, particularly among the Odonata, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Although territoriality has been recognized among immature stages as well as in both sexes of adult insects, most of the published reports deal with the reproductive consequences of aggressive interactions among territorial males. Some dominance hierarchies have been described, particularly among cockroaches and megachilid and halictid bees. Lek behavior has also been reported among dragonflies, butterflies, and Hawaiian drosophilids. In all the species studied, territorial behavior spreads males through a habitat, minimizing intruder interference with courtship and mating, and increasing the probability that females will be mated. Besides these intraspecific effects, however, aggressive behavior towards unrelated species may reverberate through the larger community. For example, repeated attacks by aggressive files may cause pollinating bees and aphidophagous predators to change their foraging routes, and thus prevent them from servicing particular habitats.

scholarly journals Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela L. Brandão ◽  
Gisele Colognesi ◽  
Marcela C. Bolognesi ◽  
Roselene S. Costa-Ferreira ◽  
Thaís B. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Thermal Maximum

ABSTRACT Changes in water temperature may affect the aggressive behavior of aquatic organisms, such as fish, either by changing some physiological mechanisms or by increasing the probability of encounters between individuals as a result of variation in their swimming activity. In our study, we evaluated the influence of increasing and decreasing temperature on the aggressive behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma paranaense. Firstly, we tested the critical thermal maximum (CTMax) tolerated by this species. Then, we tested the effect of decreasing or increasing the water temperature in 6o C (starting at 27° C) on the aggressive interactions of fish under isolation or housed in groups. We found a CTMax value of 39° C for C. paranaense. We also observe that a 6° C decrease in water temperature lowers swimming activity and aggressive interactions in both isolated and group-housed fish, as expected. On the other hand, the increase in temperature had no effect on the fish’s aggressive behavior, neither for isolated nor for grouped fish. We concluded that C. paranaense shows high tolerance to elevated temperatures and, in turn, it does not affect aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, we cannot dismiss possible effects of elevated temperatures on aggressive interactions over longer periods.

scholarly journals Effect of body size heterogeneity on the aggressive behavior of larvae of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Characiformes, Bryconidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Billalba CARVALHO ◽  
Ellen Cristina Monteiro de SOUZA ◽  
Jaquelinne PINHEIRO-DA-SILVA ◽  
Marle Angélica VILLACORTA-CORREA
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Size Heterogeneity

ABSTRACT Brycon amazonicus is a native Amazonian fish that is important for aquaculture in South America. Larval mortality is high in this species in intensive breeding systems due to aggressiveness among larvae. The present study investigated experimentally the effects of body size heterogeneity on the aggressive behavior and survival of B. amazonicus during the early stages of larval development. Two treatments (larvae groups with homogeneous and heterogeneous body size) were evaluated throughout early larval stages tested at six time points: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours after hatching (HAH). Two experiments quantified, respectively, aggressive interactions and mortality rates among larvae at each time point. The frequency of aggressive interactions exhibited by the less aggressive larvae in each replicate was higher in the homogeneous size treatment. Aggressiveness was higher at 12 HAH, decreasing thereafter, and increasing again at 72 HAH. The mortality rate significantly increased with the larval stage, and was higher in the homogeneous than in the heterogeneous sized groups. Our results showed that aggressiveness in B. amazonicus larvae is affected by size variability and larval development stage. This knowledge about larval behavior is important to develop measures to improve larval health and survival in intensive production systems for this species.

Behaviour of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Captivity VI*. Aggression

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Low Level ◽  
In Captivity

'In a colony of captive koalas, all aggressive behaviour was a variation on the single motor pattern of throwing a foreleg around an opponent and biting. Squabbles (the most common aggressive behaviour) were brief, low level interactions usually arising from the efforts of one koala to climb past or over another. Minor fghts involved only single bites and the combatants stayed in the same place; major ,fights involved multiple bites and changes of position. Dependent young were seldom involved in aggression. Between males. minor fights were essentially intensified squabbles, but major fights involved wrestling and chasing; they were more likely between males unfamiliar with each other, or those already aroused by, e.g., other aggressive interactions. Females became aggressive especially during pregnancy and at the end of lactation. At such times they stood their ground and vocalized at other koalas, especially males, but attacked only if the opponent came within reach. Although the opponent usually withdrew. sometimes a male seemed provoked to attack. Males sometimes attacked females without obvious provocation. Aggression was slightly more common in than outside the breeding season. Competition for females or food, dominance hierarchies, appeasement, and the defence of young were not seen.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF RELATED SPECIES OF FLYCATCHERS (MUSCICAPIDAE) FAMILY

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
A. Markova ◽  
V. Serebryakov
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Collared Flycatcher ◽  
And Behavior

The article is devoted to the observation of differences in relation between aggressive behavior of related species of Flycatchers (Muscicapidae) family and behavior acts in naturally watering places. Observations have reviled the timing separation between presence and engagement of Flycatchers in morning hours and relation with acts of aggression. Each representative of Flycatchers family is using the watering place in different ways. The correlation between intraspecific and interspecific contacts with the predominance of interspecific and highly aggressive interactions has been analyzed. The rating of successfulness of the acts of aggression has been established for every particular group of Flycatchers. It demonstrates the energetic justification of aggressive behavior for spotter, red-breasted and pied flycatchers but energetic overspend and failure for collared flycatcher.

The effect of flight distance on aggression and skin damage of newly weaned sows at mixing

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 14-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kay ◽  
A. Burfoot ◽  
H. A. M. Spoolder ◽  
C. M. Docking
Keyword(s):  
Flight Distance ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Aggressive Interactions

The mixing of unfamiliar sows at weaning results in the establishment of dominance hierarchies, frequently involving aggression. In commercial situations, with limited available flight distances, this can result in injuries and poor sow welfare. The objectives of this study were to measure flight and chase distances, and the incidence of aggressive interactions and levels of skin damage that occur when newly weaned sows were mixed in a large area where flight and chase distances were unlikely to be limiting.Eight replicate groups of six unfamiliar sows were mixed in an arena (18x10.5m) at weaning. The sows were mixed at 09.00 h on Day 1, removed on Day 2 at 08.00 h for feeding in individual stalls, and returned to the arena at 09.00 h. Sows were observed directly from 09.00 h to 16.00 h on Day 1, and from 09.00 h to 13.00 h on Day 2. Video tape records were taken continuously for 28 hours from 09.00 h on Day 1. All aggressive interactions were recorded and categorised into three classes: brief (single knock, snap or bite), one-sided fight (no retaliation by defender), or two-sided fight (defender retaliates).

Age-Related Differences in Ruddy Turnstone Foraging and Aggressive Behavior

The Auk ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Groves
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Foraging Performance ◽  
Tentative Explanation

Abstract The foraging behavior of fall migrant Ruddy Turnstones was studied on the Massachusetts coast on 2 different substrates, barnacle-covered rocks and sand and weed-littered flats. Foraging rates differed significantly between the 2 substrates. On each substrate the foraging and success rates of adults and juveniles differed significantly while the frequencies of success were similar for both age-classes. The observed differences in foraging rates of adults and juveniles may be due to the degree of refinement of foraging techniques. Experience in searching for and handling prey may be a primary factor accounting for these differences, and foraging performance probably improves with age and experience. Alternatively, the differences may be due to the presence of inefficient juveniles that do not survive to adulthood. Both adults and juveniles in the tail-depressed posture were dominant in aggressive interactions much more frequently than birds in the tail-level posture. In mixed flocks of foraging adult and juvenile turnstones, the four possible types of aggressive interactions occurred nonrandomly. Adult over juvenile interactions occurred more frequently than expected, and juvenile over adult interactions were never seen. A tentative explanation of this phenomenon may be that juveniles misinterpret or respond ambivalently to messages conveyed behaviorally by adults and thus become especially vulnerable to aggression by adults. The transiency of migrants made it unfeasible to evaluate the persistence of this nonrandom aggression.

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