An ultrastructural comparison of soft and hardened spermatophores from the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Dudenhausen ◽  
P. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Inner Region ◽  
Region Ii

The spermatophore of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus consists of two main parts: a sperm mass composed of sperm embedded in a dense fibrillar matrix and an acellular wall which surrounds the sperm mass and is formed from secretions produced in the vas deferens. Following extrusion from the male, the spermatophore wall, which is initially soft and sticky, undergoes a hardening process. In this study, the structure of the spermatophore walls of unextruded (soft) and hardened spermatophores were compared using light and electron microscopy. The wall of the unextruded spermatophore is composed of three concentric layers: a thin primary spermatophore layer which directly surrounds the sperm mass; a thick middle layer composed primarily of electron-dense, spherical granules; and a thick outer layer formed from a dense globular secretion. The primary spermatophore layer and outer globular layer are positive for carbohydrate with the periodic acid – Schiff method. Following extrusion and hardening, the walls of spermatophores showed several structural changes. These are (i) division of the middle granular layer into a compact inner region and a highly reticulated outer region; (ii) the loss of the outer globular layer; and (iii) the formation of a thickened ridge along one side of the spermatophore wall. The thickened ridge is fibrillar in structure and is believed to be derived from a structural modification of the outer globular layer. No structural modifications in the primary spermatophore layer were observed. We interpret these observations to indicate that the outer globular layer functions in attachment of the spermatophore to the female and the middle layer is involved in spermatophore hardening and sperm protection during storage.

scholarly journals SPERMIOGENESIS IN CANCER CRABS

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G. Langreth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
The Core ◽  
Inner Region

Spermiogenesis in Cancer crabs was studied by light and electron microscopy. The sperm are aflagellate, and when mature consist primarily of a spherical acrosome surrounded by the nucleus with its short radiating arms. The acrosome forms by a coalescence of periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS-positive) vesicles. During spermiogenesis one edge of the acrosomal vesicle invaginates to form a PAS-negative central core. The inner region of the acrosome bounding the core contains basic proteins which are not complexed to nucleic acid. The formation of an elaborate lattice-like complex of fused membranes, principally from membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, is described. These membranes are later taken into the nucleus and subsequently degenerate. In late spermatids, when most of the cytoplasm is sloughed, the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane apparently fuse to become the limiting boundary over most of the sperm cell. In the mature sperm the chromatin of the nucleus and arms, which is Feulgen-positive, contains no detectable protein. The chromatin filaments appear clumped, branched, and anastomosed; morphologically, they resemble the DNA of bacterial nuclei. Mitochondria are absent or degenerate in mature sperm of Cancer crabs, but the centrioles persist in the nucleoplasm at the base of the acrosome.

Expression of Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Gastritis in Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cohen ◽  
E. Cueto Rúa ◽  
N. Balcarce ◽  
R. Drut
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Group A ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori gastric infection induces structural changes in the gastric epithelium. Among them, variations in the expression of cytokeratins have been reported in adult patients. In the present study, we describe the expression of CK7 and CK20 in gastric samples taken from the antrum in three groups of pediatric patients: (A) Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis (mean age: 11.4 years); (B) previous H. pylori chronic gastritis patients (mean age: 9.4 years); and (C) controls (mean age: 8.8 years). In all, the presence of sulfomucins was assessed with Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff pH 1.0. Immunoreactivity was graded as absent (0), weak (1 +), moderate (2+), or intense (3+), in accordance with the intensity of the staining, and its distribution as focal or diffuse. CK7 reactivity was 2 + either focal or diffuse in all group A biopsies. The reactivity was more evident in the cells at the neck of the glands, in the areas with more inflammatory infiltrates, decorating long vertical segments of epithelium. In groups B and C, CK7 reactivity was also focal and 1 + at the cells of the necks of the glands. However, group B presented longer vertical segments of positive cells as compared to group C, and shorter than those of group A. The deeper glandular structures were focally 1 + in both groups. CK20 expression was comparable in all three groups, depicting a 2+ diffuse reactivity at the surface epithelium and interposed pits with absence or focal reactivity at the neck and coiled gland areas. Ki-67 immunostaining paralleled that of the CK7. Staining for sulfated mucosubstances was positive in two of five cases of groups A and B, and in none of the cases of group C. We conclude that: (1) the long segments of CK7-positive glandular necks in H. pylori cases most probably indicate intense regenerative activity during active inflammation; (2) eradication of H. pylori does not warrant ad integrum restitution since long segments of Ki-67+, CK7+ cells at the germinative compartment of the glands (as well as cells with sulfomucins) were still recognizable in ex- H. pylori patients; (3) finally, differing from what happens in adults, children somehow manage to maintain fully differentiated CK20+ superficial epithelium while the H. pylori is in action.

scholarly journals A MORPHOLOGIC AND CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE GREAT ALVEOLAR CELL

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 884-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEI P. SOROKIN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Alveolar Cell ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Lysosomal System ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Lungs from marsupials, bats and rodents were studied by light and electron microscopy. In all three groups, the great alveolar cells exhibit similar morphologic and cytochemical characteristics. Cytoplasmic vacuoles seen in these cells by light microscopy correspond to cytosomes that are demonstrable in them by electron microscopy. Such cytosomes are osmiophilic, periodic acid-Schiff-positive and stainable with Sudan black after acetone extraction. After fixation in a mixture of aldehydes, followed by extraction in chloroform-methanol and postfixation in osmium tetroxide, cytosomes lose their osmiophilia. The cytoplasm of the great alveolar cell is notable for a loosely ordered granular endoplasmic reticulum, an extensive Golgi apparatus and numerous multivesicular bodies. Many forms transitional in appearance between multivesicular bodies and cytosomes are present. In these, osmiophilic matter occupies the intervesicular space. It is proposed that these bodies are the precursors of cytosomes. The cytosomes are interpreted to be products of the "lysosomal" system in this cell. Ultimately they are secreted onto the alveolar surface.

Effects of O3 on submucosal gland of bonnet monkey trachea

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 678-679
Author(s):  
S. Yamashiro ◽  
D. Wilson ◽  
J. St. George ◽  
D. Hyde ◽  
C. Plopper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Submucosal Glands

In the past, ozone inhalation studies have focused on the lower airways and lung parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ozone on submucosal glands of upper airways. Six adult male bonnet monkeys were exposed to 0.64 ppm ozone continuously for 7 days, and three were exposed to chamber conditions without ozone. The animals were exsanguinated under barbiturate anesthesia. The trachea and lung were fixed by airway infusion of Karnovsky's fixative, which was adjusted to pH 7.4 and 440 milliOsmols. Sagittal sections of ventral trachea were embedded in glycol methacrylate and Araldite 502 for light and electron microscopy. One micrometer methacrylate sections were stained with Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB/PAS). Selected areas of Araldite-embedded tissue were sectioned for transmission electron microscopy, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined with a Zeiss EM 10. Volume percentages of the lumen, granular and nongranular regions of fhe gland and the duct wall, respectively, were estimated by stereologic methods on AB/PAS stained sections.

Periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver methenamine(PATS) reaction: An improved silver methodology for light and electron microscopy

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Giammara ◽  
T. Romaine ◽  
W. Ambrose ◽  
J. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Reticular Fibers ◽  
Pas Reaction

Many variations of the periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) reaction have been utilized for electron microscopy based on the Gomori periodic acid-silver methenamine reaction (1) or the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium tetroxide(PATCO) reaction (2,3). These reactions are widely employed and have been very useful for the demonstration of one or more biomacromolecules or structures such as glycogen, basement membranes, reticular fibers or lipopolysaccharide. However, these reactions have various drawbacks such as complexity of methodology, ability to stain only a limited number of these components, or lack of adaptability for both light and electron microscopy. Our newly devised PATS reaction is relatively easy to perform. A full description of the details must await the outcome of a pending patent application. It consists essentially of a stepwise treatment of the sample with periodic acid, thiocarbohydrazide(TCH) and silver methenamine.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of glycoprotein hormones in the rat anterior pituitary. A light and electron microscope study using antisera against rat bet subunits: a comparison between preembedding and postembeeding methods.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tougard ◽  
R Picart ◽  
A Tixier-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thyrotropic Cells ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The binding sites of antisera (anti) to the beta (beta) subunits of rat follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), rat luteinizing hormone (rLH), and rat thyroid-stimulating hormone (rTSH) have been localized in rat anterior pituitaries by immunocytochemistry using light and electron microscopy. With the light microscope, LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in the same cells, which were violet after the alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. TSHbeta was found in polygonal or stellate cells that were blue after AB-PAS. With the electron microscope, the thyrotropic cells contained very small secretory granules. LHbeta and FSHbeta were found in various types of cells (types A and B and their intermediate forms), which had previously been identified as gonadotropic cells. On serial ultrathin sections using the postembedding method the same cells and even some granules inside these cells were stained by both anti-rLHbeta and anti-rFSHbeta. A comparison of binding sites of anti-rLHbeta was performed using the preembeeding and the postembeeding methods. Antigenicity was observed on secretory granules whatever the method used. However, binding sites of anti-rLHbeta were detected inside the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum only with the preembedding method.

Positive stain for light and electron microscopic demonstration of spirochetes in subgingival plaque and crevicular fluid samples from periodontal diseased sites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1082-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Giammara ◽  
E.J. Burkes ◽  
R. Scruggs ◽  
G. Greco ◽  
P. Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

In a recent study of 400 subgingival plaque samples from over 110 adult periodontitis patients, spirochetes were the overwhelming microbial type, averaging about 45% of the microbial count. This finding supports earlier arguments that spirochetes are pathognomonic in periodontal disease. Other studies had shown clear-cut differences in the microbial composition of healthy and diseased subgingival sites — the proportion of spirochetes being significantly higher in the latter. Another study indicated that periodontal deterioration at these sites could be predicted better by increased proportions of motile rods and spirochetes than by clinical measurements. However, spirochetes of all sizes and species do not show the same degree of association with periodontal breakdown. Moreover, spirochetes are usually difficult to culture and stain; they are generally monitored by darkfield or phase contrast microscopy.The PATS reaction, a modified periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) reaction which deposits silver for light and electron microscopy appears to stain Gram(-) bacteria positively as well as neutrophils and activated macrophages. When studying the stained Gram(-) bacteria on coverslip smears of subgingival plaque or crevicular fluid samples of patients by light microscopy, varying numbers of intensely stained spirochetes of different sizes were observed (Figs. 1,2). More spirochetes were usually seen in samples from diseased sites. After drying replicate PATS-stained coverslips with hexamethyldisilazane they were sputter coated with gold, and. then examined by the SEI and BEI modes of scanning electron microscopy (Figs. 3-6). A permanent record of the proportions of large, medium and small spirochetes at each site could thus be obtained. Generally, greater numbers of gram negative bacteria including some spirochetes were stained in samples from diseased sites. At some sites, however, spirochetes were the predominant microbes in both crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque (Fig. 1).

scholarly journals LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE LOCALIZATION OF BINDING SITES OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST OVINE LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND ITS TWO SUBUNITS IN RAT ADENOHYPOPHYSIS USING PEROXIDASE-LABELED ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tougard ◽  
B. Kerdelhue ◽  
A. Tixier-Vidal ◽  
M. Jutisz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Type A ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
A Cells

The binding sites of antisera generated in the guinea pig against ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) and its two subunits (oLHα and oLHß) have been localized in rat anterior pituitaries taken from normal or castrated males and from ovariectomized females with the peroxidase-labeled antibody method, using light and electron microscopy. With the light microscope, the cells positive with antiserum to ovine luteinizing hormone (A-oLH) were violet after the Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining; they were also positive for A-oLHα and for A-oLHß and, from castrated males, they displayed an increased affinity for A-oLHß. Another cell type which was blue after the AB-PAS method reacted with the A-oLHα only; these cells, presumably thyrotropic cells, were retracted after castration and, besides their affinity for A-oLHα, acquired an affinity for A-oLHß. As seen through the electron microscope, two cell types were positive for A-oLH, A-oLHß, and A-oLHα and may be identified as luteinizing hormone-secreting cells. Type A cells were characterized by two classes of rounded, secretory granules. Type B cells were smaller and contained only small secretory granules. 1 mo after the rats were castrated the type A cells were hypertrophied and vacuolized. In both cases the secretory granules were the main sites of the antigenicity with the three antisera. A positive reaction was also found in the cytoplasm, particularly in hypertrophied cells from ovariectomized females and with A-oLHß. The cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum were usually negative, except in highly degranulated cells from ovariectomized females and with A-oLHß.

Changes in Bone Quality of the Femoral Diaphysis Induced by High-Level Fluorine Ingestion in Ovariectomized Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nakada ◽  
Toshiro Sakae ◽  
Mari Teranishi ◽  
Takao Kato ◽  
Takehiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Apatite Crystal ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Color Scale ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inner Region

Ovariectomized rats were fed a diet containing minerals at high concentrations, such as Ca, P, and F (high-mineral diet), and changes in the femoral diaphysis were investigated after 24 weeks. The femur was mainly red and partially orange on the color scale of the 3D-map in Groups A and B, showing a high BMD. The region adjacent to the marrow cavity was yellow, showing a lower BMD than that in the outer region of the femur. In Group C, the red area was small in the outer region and the inner region was mainly yellow and green on the color scale. The inner region adjacent to the marrow cavity showed a view of unevenly resorbed bone, and the BMD was lower than those in Groups A and B. Incorporation of F into the body influences the apatite crystal structure and crystal growth, which subsequently influences adsorption of F to crystals and structural changes. Therefore, it is important to ingest F at the optimum concentration.

Adverse effects of growth in the glomerular microcirculation

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. F1409-F1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Daniels ◽  
T. H. Hostetter
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Glomerular Injury ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glomerular Capillary ◽  
Single Nephron ◽  
Renal Size

Compensatory renal and glomerular hypertrophy accompanies the many functional and structural changes associated with a reduction in functional renal mass. Increased levels of dietary sodium supplementation ranging from deficient to 2.3% Na+ (38-fold above the minimal daily requirement for the rat) in rats with subtotal nephrectomy were associated with a progressive rise in proteinuria and renal size without any significant change in arterial pressure. To further define these relationships, groups of rats on two intermediate levels of sodium intake were studied in detail. Single-nephron filtration rate and glomerular capillary pressure were similar in subtotally nephrectomized rats fed the 0.06 and 0.46% Na+ diets. Both the volume fraction and absolute volume of periodic acid-Schiff staining mesangial lesions in the glomerulus were greater in the 0.46% Na+ group. Glomerular volume and the mean glomerular capillary radius was larger in the 0.46% Na+ group. Increased glomerular tension, as predicted by the Laplace law, may represent a final common pathway by which compensatory growth and/or glomerular hypertension result in glomerular injury.

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