Mating call characteristics of hybrid toads (Bufo americanus × B. fowleri) at Long Point, Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3293-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Laryngeal Cartilages ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
The Relationship

The mating calls of the toads Bufo americanus, B. fowled, and their natural hybrids were recorded in May 1981 at Long Point, Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Erie. The calls of the two species differed substantially in pulse rate and call duration but much less so in terms of dominant frequency. The numbers of pulses per call were not significantly different. Calls of hybrids were intermediate in character. Values for pulse rate, call duration, and dominant frequency agreed with those previously described. The relationship between pulse rate and call duration is hyperbolic as pulse number appears to be relatively constant. The differences in the calls of B. americanus and B. fowled appear to be fundamentally due to mechanical properties of the pulse modulating apparatus of the larynx. The characteristics of the calls of the hybrids may be due to intermediate morphology of the laryngeal cartilages that modulate the pulses of a call.

scholarly journals The advertisement call of two species of the Rhinella granulosa group (Anura: Bufonidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo Antonio Giaretta ◽  
Isabelle Aquemi Haga ◽  
Felipe Silva de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Call Duration

The advertisement call of two species of the Rhinella granulosa group (Anura: Bufonidae). The group of Rhinella granulosa presently harbors 14 species distributed in Central and South America. The advertisement calls of 12 species have been described. Herein, we provide data on the calls of R. granulosa and R. merianae recorded in populations far from locations of previous call descriptions, and we discuss possible causes of differences found. We used recordings of R. granulosa from the interior of Bahia State and recordings of R. merianae from Roraima. For both, calls consist of a long-lasting trill of four-pulsed notes. Rhinella granulosa calls last 3.7–9.6 s, have 121–283 notes, each lasting 19–25 ms released at a rate of 29.2–34.7/s, and with dominant frequency peaking between 2472–2809 Hz. Rhinella merianae calls last 4.0–7.1, have 153–217 notes, each lasting 17–20 ms, released at a rate of 37.7–39.5/s, and with dominant frequency peaking between 2959–3189 Hz. Both species are distinguished from most other species of the R. granulosa species group by the combination of pulse number and dominant frequency. Our data on R. granulosa differed (p < 0.05) in call duration and/or in dominant frequency from specimens from Natal (Rio Grande do Norte state) and Cabaceiras (Paraíba state). Our data on R. merianae appear to differ in dominant frequency from the only call (a single male) known from the Amazon River bank. The differences we found between our data and published call data suggest that further study of calls of additional populations of these species is warranted.

Advertisement call of Peltophryne florentinoi (Anura: Bufonidae), an endemic toad from Zapata Swamp, Cuba

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alonso ◽  
Maike Hernández ◽  
Ariel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Long Duration

AbstractThe advertisement call of Peltophryne florentinoi, an endemic toad from Zapata Swamp, Matanzas, Cuba, is described in terms of temporal properties and dominant frequency. A comparison with the advertisement calls produced by the other three species of large toads in Cuba (P. peltocephala, P. fustiger and P. taladai) is also provided. Like other large toads from Cuba, P. florentinoi produces advertisement calls with long duration (> 10 s), low dominant frequency (< 1 kHz), and a series of complex pulses that are composed of two to five sub-pulses. All temporal features of the P. florentinoi call are significantly different from P. fustiger calls: number of pulses, pulse duration, and pulse rate separates it from P. peltocephala. P. florentinoi differs from P. taladai in call duration, number of pulses, and pulse rate. The occurrence of different types of complex pulses differed in all species studied. Typically, P. florentinoi pulses contain three sub-pulses, P. taladai four, and P. fustiger and P. peltocephala contain two sub-pulses. The dominant frequency of the advertisement call of P. florentinoi did not differ from the other species' calls. Call duration and pulse rate are the most useful acoustic properties to distinguish P. florentinoi advertisement calls from those of the other three large Cuban toads.

Intraspecific call variation in a Neotropical gladiator frog with a complex advertisement call

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens A.F. Turin ◽  
Renato C. Nali ◽  
Cynthia P.A. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Individual Discrimination ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

Vocalisation is one of the most conspicuous behavioural traits in different animals, but its emission can be variable within species, depending on environmental, morphological, and/or social factors. Understanding how acoustic parameters vary can provide information about sexual selection mechanisms that might have shaped the species’ evolutionary history. We quantified and compared the variation of five call parameters within and among the males ofBokermannohyla ibitiguara, a Neotropical treefrog with complex reproduction and advertisement calls. The parameters were classified as static (dominant frequency), intermediate (note durations) or dynamic (pulse rate of the long note and call duration). Despite these differences, all of them varied more among individuals than within individuals, and most were associated with individual discrimination, showing potential acoustic recognition by males and females. A multiple regression analysis showed that all temporal parameters were affected by abiotic factors, except pulse rate of the long note; body size affected dominant frequency, duration of the long notes and call duration. This high variability in parameters, and the strong support for individual discrimination, indicate the existence of sexual selection mechanisms operating on calls; however, the individual recognition system is very complex and not limited to a single characteristic of the call. This is supported by the reproductive behavior of this species, including choosy females, elaborate courtships, and male-male vocal contests and physical combats. Fine-scale playback experiments with males and females will help us further understand sexual selection mechanisms in this and other acoustically oriented animals.

EEG-correlates of work efficiency level among young persons with stress-induced bruxism

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
A. E. Barulin ◽  
S. V. Klauchek ◽  
A. E. Klauchek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study. To establish the relationship between neurophysiological status and the level of efficiency in young people with bruxism.Materials and methods. Two groups of 64 and 53 subjects (males and females) aged 20–35 years old with bruxism and non-bruxers were formed according to questionnaire results and physical examination. The level of efficiency was assessed by the results of sensorimotor tracking of a moving object (the ‘Smile’ model). Spectral analysis was performed for evaluation of the baseline electroencephalograms. Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 programs were used for statistical data processing.Results. The level of efficiency was statistically significantly lower in the hardest test of Smile model among the individuals with bruxism (p < 0.05). The bruxers also demonstrated a significantly lower dominant frequency and maximum amplitude of alpha-rhythm (p < 0.05), and significantly higher dominant frequency of beta2 rhythm (p < 0.05). The dominant frequency and the maximum amplitude of the alpha-rhythm are parameters corresponding to significant coefficients of the regression analysis. A negative relationship was found between the degree of error during sensorimotor tracking and the frequency and amplitude of alpha-rhythm.Conclusion. Regression models present the relationship between the level of efficiency and the alpha-rhythm severity. The regression equations make it possible to determine the functional state of the subject using an electroencephalogram.

Limitations to prediction of maximal oxygen intake

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loring B. Rowell ◽  
Henry L. Taylor ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Intake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The predictability of maximal O2 intake (max Vo2) was studied in four groups of normal men, 18–24 years of age. Prediction of max Vo2 was made from pulse rate and Vo2 at a single submaximal workload at an ambient temperature of 78 F by use of the nomogram of Åstrand and Ryhming (1954) and underestimated actual max Vo2 by 27 ± 7% and 14 ± 7% in a sedentary group, before and after 2frac12–3 months of physical training, and by 5.6 ȁ 4% in a group of ten endurance athletes. Accuracy of prediction in all groups varied with approximation of pulse rate to 128 beats/min at 50% of max Vo2. Nonspecific stresses increased predictive errors in all groups. Constants b (slope) and A (intercept) in the regression equation Vo2 = bP – A (where P is pulse rate), were determined from Vo2 and pulse measured at four submaximal workloads requiring 13–28 ml O2/kg min. Prediction of max Vo2 by extrapolation of the slope to maximal pulse rate resulted in underestimation of 700–800 ml O2/min. Removal of 14% of circulating hemoglobin decreased max Vo2 by 4% but there was no change in pulse rates or predicted max Vo2. The relationship of RQ to V22 during work provided no reliable basis for prediction of max Vo2. exercise pulse rate, oxygen intake, relationship; pulse rate, oxygen intake relationship in exercise; metabolic rate, maximal aerobic prediction of; aerobic metabolic rate, maximal, prediction of; phlebotomy, effect on maximal oxygen intake, pulse rate; blood loss, effect on maximal oxygen intake, pulse rate; training, effect on maximal oxygen intake, pulse rates; physical conditioning, effect on maximal oxygen intake, pulse rates Submitted on October 4, 1963

scholarly journals Pup ultrasonic isolation calls of six gerbil species and the relationship between acoustic traits and body size

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201558
Author(s):  
Julia D. Kozhevnikova ◽  
Ilya A. Volodin ◽  
Alexandra S. Zaytseva ◽  
Olga G. Ilchenko ◽  
Elena V. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Acoustic Adaptation ◽  
Ultrasonic Calls ◽  
The Relationship

Among Gerbillinae rodents, ultrasonic calls of adults of small-sized species are typically higher frequency than those of adults of large-sized species. This study investigates whether a similar relationship can be found in pups of six gerbil species ( Dipodillus campestris , Gerbillus perpallidus , Meriones unguiculatus , Meriones vinogradovi , Sekeetamys calurus and Pachyuromys duprasi ). We compared the average values of acoustic variables (duration, fundamental and peak frequency) of ultrasonic calls (20 calls per pup, 1200 in total) recorded from 6- to 10-day-old pups (10 pups per species, 60 in total) isolated for 2 min at 22°C and then weighed and measured for body variables. The longest calls (56 ± 33 ms) were found in the largest species, and the highest frequency calls (74.8 ± 5.59 kHz) were found in the smallest species. However, across species, call duration (ranging from 56 to 159 ms among species) did not display a significant relationship with pup body size; and, among frequency variables, only the minimum fundamental frequency depended on pup body size. Discriminant analysis assigned 100% of calls to the correct species. The effect of species identity on the acoustics was stronger than the effect of body size. We discuss these results with the hypotheses of acoustic adaptation, social complexity, hearing ranges and phylogeny.

scholarly journals Analisis Shear Strain dan Kerusakan Bangunan Akibat Gempa Bumi di Kecamatan Gading Cempaka dan Ratu Agung Kota Bengkulu

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Kurnia Lestari ◽  
Muchammad Farid ◽  
Afrizal Mayub
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strain ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Amplification Factor ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Hvsr Method ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Formation Type ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT  [The Analysis of Shear Strain and Building Damage due to Earthquake at Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung District in Bengkulu City]. The aims of this research are to: (1) determine and mapping the distribution of shear strain values, (2) correlate between shear strains with building damage Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung caused by earthwuake at sub district in Bengkulu city. Microtremor data were taken at 108 observation points then analyzed using HVSR method to obtain amplification factor and dominant frequency values..The result showed that shear strain value of Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung sub district in Bengkulu city are relatively heterogeneous although in the same geological formation type. The earthquake in 2007 is estimated to be 3.38% potential to deform the land surface in the form of fractures and settlements and 96, 62% potentially experience shocks due to waves and vibrations due to earthquake. The earthquake of 2000 estimated that almost the entire area of Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung has the potential to experience shocks due to waves and vibrations due to earthquake that is equal to 97% while potentially liquefaction (ambles) occurs by 3%. The correlation between shear strain with the damage of buildings due to earthquake shows the relationship is directly proportional to the function y = 15267x + 26.219 with the coefficient of resgression of    = 0.671. Keywords:  Earthquake;  HVSR method;  microtremor;  shear strain.

The relationship between nematodes of the genus Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) in toads (Bufo americanus) and slugs (Deroceras laeve)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1650-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl J. Vanderburgh ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Relationship

Nematodes of the genus Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 from Bufo americanus and Deroceras laeve, generally considered to belong to the same species (Cosmocercoides dukae), were compared. Male worms from B. americanus had 20 or 21 rosette papillae per subventral row whereas males from D. laeve had 13 to 14. Worms from toads had numerous simple postanal papillae. Worms from slugs generally lacked such papillae. Worms from the two hosts differed morphometrically and were well separated by discriminant analysis after bias of worm length was removed by analysis of covariance. Differences in isoenzyme migration were detected using starch gel electrophoresis. In cross-transmission experiments, more toads became infected when exposed to larvae of worms from toads than when exposed to larvae of worms from slugs. More slugs became infected when exposed to larvae from slugs than when exposed to larvae from toads. Intensity of mature worms recovered was significantly (p < 0.05) greater (and patent infections developed) when transmission was from toad to toad or from slug to slug than when transmission was from toad to slug or from slug to toad. No patent infections were recorded from toads or slugs exposed to larvae from the unrelated host. The results indicate that worms in toads and slugs are not conspecific. Cosmocercoides variabilis (Harwood, 1930) Travassos, 1931 is resurrected as the name of the species occurring in B. americanus, Cosmoceroides dukae (Holl, 1928) Travassos, 1931 is retained as the name of the species occurring in D. laeve.

The Relationship Between Electrogram Cycle Length and Dominant Frequency in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1336-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELDON M. SINGH ◽  
E. KEVIN HEIST ◽  
JACOB S. KORUTH ◽  
CONOR D. BARRETT ◽  
JEREMY N. RUSKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Relationship
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