Development of the sheep–canid cycle of Sarcocystis tenella

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2464-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
C. A. Speer ◽  
G. Callis ◽  
J. A. Blixt
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Sarcocystis Tenella

Thirty-seven sheep were inoculated orally with 104 to 66 × 106Sarcocystis tenella sporocysts from dogs or coyotes and necropsied between 1 and 276 days postinoculation (DPI). Two single zoites were found in submucosal arteries of small intestines of lambs 3 and 6 DPI. At 9 to 21 DPI, numerous first-generation meronts were found in mesenteric arteries, intestinal blood vessels, and occasionally in other organs. First-generation meronts were 37.0 × 27.3 μm in sections and 54.4 × 46.6 μm in smears. At 16 to 40 DPI, second-generation meronts were found in capillaries of several organs; renal meronts were 20.6 × 12.0 μm in sections. Merozoites were found in peripheral blood at 14 to 16 DPI and at 25 to 32 DPI. Earliest sarcocysts were found at 35 DPI and contained one to three metrocytes. At 40 DPI, sarcocysts were up to 97 × 10 μm and contained 1 to 13 metrocytes. Bradyzoites formed between 52 and 66 DPI. At 75 DPI, sarcocysts had cross-striated walls and were infective for coyotes. Dogs and coyotes fed infected meat shed sporocysts in feces 9 to 10 days later. Gamonts were found in the small intestine between 8 and 21 h postinoculation and sporulation was completed within 8 days.

scholarly journals Effect of antihistaminics on amplitude of rabbit gut

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Rashmi Prakash ◽  
Vinay Singh ◽  
Devesh Kumar ◽  
Jamal Haider ◽  
A. B. Asthana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Gut Motility ◽  
Antihistaminic Drug

Background: The small intestine, like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, is an intelligent organ. It generates a wide variety of motor patterns to meet motility requirements in different situations. Its basic motor function after a meal is to mix the chyme with exocrine and intestinal secretions, agitate its contents too.Methods: In vitro study is done to explore the effect of 1st generation antihistaminic (chlorpheniramine maleate) and second generation antihistaminic (Fexofenadine) on amplitude of gut motility by isolated rabbit gut preparation on Dale’s Organ bath, part of terminal ileum is used for study. Eight rabbits weighing 2 to 4.5 kg were used for study. The effect of antihistaminic observed that both drugs reduce amplitude.Results: The effect of Chlorpheniramine malete and Fexofenadine on amplitude observed and it found that both decrease the amplitude significantly.Conclusions: This study establishes a correlation between amplitude of gut and effect of antihistaminic suggests that antihistaminic drug both first generation and second generation decreases the amplitude of gut motility with a significant response.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of ovine mesenteric arteries infected with first-generation meronts of Sarcocystis tenella

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence A. Speer ◽  
J. P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sarcocystis Tenella ◽  
Tunica Intima

First-generation meronts of Sarcocystis tenella were found within subendothelial cells between the endothelium and internal elastic membrane of mesenteric arteries. At 14 and 16 days postinoculation (DPI), host cells with mature meronts were enlarged, measuring 25.6 × 22 μm (16.4–35 × 4.4–28.5 μm; n = 17), which caused the endothelium to protrude into the vessel lumen. In mesenteric arteries, protuberances measured 37.4 × 29.7 μm (32–57 × 16.5–47 μm; n = 15) and extended 16.8 μm (12–27 μm; n = 12) into the vessel lumen. Merozoites in meronts measured 5.3 × 1.7 μm (4.5–5.5 × 1.5–1.8 μm; n = 20); free merozoites were 5.5 × 1.5 μm (4.8–6 × 1.3–1.7 μm; n = 18). At 16 DPI many of the endothelial cells covering protuberances as well as many of the host cells had sloughed from the tunica intima of the mesenteric arteries which exposed relatively large areas, 189.5 μm (50–350 μm; n = 15) in diameter, of the internal elastic membrane.

scholarly journals Clinical Sarcocystosis in Calves Fed Sarcocystis Hirsuta Sporocysts from Cats

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Sarcocystis Hirsuta

Lesions of sarcocystosis were studied in 14 calves necropsied between seven and 110 days after inoculation with 5000 to 25 million sporocysts of Sarcocystis hirsuta from cats. Calves developed fever, anemia, and diarrhea between 11 and 30 days after inoculation. The development of first generation meronts in arteries of small intestine, mesentery, and mesenteric lymph nodes seven to 25 days after inoculation was associated with vascular occlusion and necrosis of associated tissues. The development of second generation meronts in capillaries of striated muscles 15 to 23 days after inoculation was associated with necrosis, edema, and nonsuppurative myositis in heart and other muscles. Sixty-two days after inoculation lesions were reduced to focal areas of granulomatous inflammation around degenerating sarcocysts in striated muscles, but not in the heart.

Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Anita Pugliese ◽  
Julie Ray ◽  
Neli Esipova
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
First Generation Migrants ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

Effects of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa on the Peripheral Blood and Small Intestine of Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Chandra Jagetia ◽  
Ponemone Venkatesh ◽  
Parampally Archana ◽  
Bhandarkar R. Krishnanand ◽  
Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Aegle Marmelos

Marcuse and Habermas's Political Ideas in English

2019 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Asaad Abdullwahab AbdulKarim ◽  
Waleed Massaher Hamad ◽  
Salah Ibrahim Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Important Impact

Abstract     The Frankfurt School is characterized by its critical nature and it is the result of the Marxist socialist thought as it contributed to the development of the German thought in particular and the Western thought in general through important ideas put forward by a number of pioneers in the various generations of the school and most notably through the leading pioneer in the first generation, Marcuse, and the leading pioneer of the second  generation, Habermas, whose political ideas had an important impact on global thinking and later became the basis of the attic of many critical ideas. In spite of the belief of the school members in the idea of the criticism of power and community, each had his own ideas that distinguish him from the others.

Pharmakotherapie update

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Gerd Laux
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Therapeutische Maßnahmen ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

Für die Therapie schizophrener Erkrankungen sind seit fast 60 Jahren Antipsychotika/Neuroleptika aufgrund ihrer antipsychotischen Wirkung von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Einteilung kann unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten erfolgen (chemische Struktur, neuroleptische Potenz, Rezeptorprofil), heute werden üblicherweise unterschieden typische (traditionelle, klassische, konventionelle) Antipsychotika der ersten Generation ‒ »First Generation Antipsychotics« (FGA) ‒ und sog. atypische (»neuere«) Neuroleptika bzw. Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation ‒»Second Generation Antipsychotics« (SGA). Hierzu zählen Aripiprazol, Asenapin, Cariprazin, Clozapin, Olanzapin, Quetiapin, Risperidon, Sertindol und Ziprasidon. Hierbei handelt es sich um keine homogene Gruppe – sowohl neuropharmakologisch (Wirkmechanismus), als auch hinsichtlich klinischem Wirkprofil und dem Nebenwirkungsspektrum bestehen z. T. erhebliche Unterschiede. Neben der Akut-Medikation ist eine Langzeitmedikation bzw. Rezidivprophylaxe mit Antipsychotika für die Rehabilitation vieler schizophrener Patienten im Sinne eines »Stresspuffers« von grundlegender Bedeutung. In Placebo-kontrollierten Studien trat bei Patienten, die über ein Jahr behandelt wurden, bei etwa 30% unter Neuroleptika ein Rezidiv auf, unter Placebo bei mehr als 70%. Für die Langzeitbehandlung bietet sich der Einsatz von Depot-Neuroleptika an, neu entwickelt wurden Langzeit-Depot-Injektionen mit Intervallen von bis zu 3 Monaten. Grundsätzlich ist die niedrigstmögliche (wirksame) Dosis zu verwenden. Im Zentrum der Nebenwirkungen (UAW) standen lange Zeit extrapyramidal-motorische Bewegungsstörungen (EPMS), mit der Einführung von Clozapin und anderen atypischen Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation gewannen andere Nebenwirkungen an Bedeutung. Hierzu zählen Gewichtszunahme, Störungen metabolischer Parameter und ein erhöhtes Risiko für Mortalität und zerebrovaskuläre Ereignisse bei älteren Patienten mit Demenz. Entsprechende Kontrolluntersuchungen sind erforderlich, für Clozapin gibt es aufgrund seines Agranulozytose-Risikos Sonderbestimmungen. Immer sollte ein Gesamtbehandlungsplan orientiert an der neuen S3-Praxisleitlinie Schizophrenie der DGPPN aufgestellt werden, der psychologische und milieu-/sozial-therapeutische Maßnahmen einschließt. Standard ist heute auch eine sog. Psychoedukation, für Psychopharmaka liegen bewährte Patienten-Ratgeber vor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document