Analysis of variation in the Elaphrus finitimus complex of North America (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2424-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Goulet ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Colorado Plateau ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Central California ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

This is a continuation of a study on geographical variation of the Elaphrus americanus Dejean species complex. This paper is devoted to E. finitimus Casey, which includes at least seven populations: White Mountains of California, Colorado Plateau, western Great Basin, western Arizona, central California, southern California, and southern Sierra Nevada. Three main groups of populations were recognized by means of numerical taxonomic analyses: White Mountains of California (one population), Intermontane (Colorado Plateau and western Great Basin), and southwestern (remaining four populations). The above groups were discerned from clustering by UPGMA (unweighted pair group using arithmetic averages) of Mahalanobis distances, and are characterized in a discriminant analysis. Other geographically distinct populations were recognized by univariate analysis of nominal characters. All seven populations are allopatric and are isolated presently from one another by vast expanses of dry regions (prairies and piñon–juniper woodlands), or by different life zones with altitude. We postulated that during the glacial phases of the Pleistocene similar barriers existed, though the gaps were narrower than at present. The reconstructed glacial ranges of these populations offer a hypothesis as to the origin of some populations, and direction of limited gene flow between some populations.

A Central Sierra Miwok Origins Story

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Cowell
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
North American ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Central California ◽  
Structure Language

Abstract This article examines an Indigenous origins narrative from central California. The text is an oral narrative about the theft of the sun by Coyote, recorded in the Central Sierra Miwok language. The article presents a formal analysis of the structure, language, and poetics of the text from the perspective of ethnopoetics, focusing on structural and lexical metaphors developed for describing the pathway of the sun. It then offers reflections on the ethnogeography and worldview presented in the text, linking it to Penutian migrations from the western Great Basin into central California’s Sierra Nevada several thousand years ago. The article also provides a general contextualization of the themes of the text in relation to California and western North American coyote stories and origins stories more generally.

Analysis of variation in the Elaphrus americanus complex of North America (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2253-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Goulet ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

Elaphrus americanus Dejean (sensu Lindroth, 1961) is a complex of two nearctic species: E. americanus and E. finitimus Casey. This study is primarily devoted to E. americanus, which includes two subspecies: a boreal subspecies and a newly described western subspecies, E. americanus sylvanus Goulet n. subsp., for which the type locality is Oregon, Coos Co., 16 miles north of Powers.The species and subspecies mentioned above were recognized by means of numerical taxonomic analysis. Most intuitively acceptable were the results of phenetic clustering of Mahalanobis distances followed by a series of discriminant analyses. Various analyses were carried out based directly on computed euclidean distances, e.g. principal coordinate analyses, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and still others by computing first the variance–covariance matrix, e.g., principal component analyses. Other geographically distinct populations were recognized by univariate analysis of nominal characters.Phylogenetic relationships between various populations of E. americanus are partly reconstructed. A reconstruction of past distribution of these populations is presented and their evolutionary significance discussed.

New Views on the Fremont: The Fremont and the Sevier: Defining Prehistoric Agriculturalists North of the Anasazi

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Colorado Plateau ◽  
Explicit Definition ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Subsistence Economies ◽  
Definition Of

A satisfactory and explicit definition of the Fremont has not been produced in over 50 years of research—a failure which suggests that no comprehensive entity exists. Attempts to define a Fremont through the use of trait lists have failed, although such lists have provided the basis for three apparently conflicting theories of origin. Analyses of subsistence economies and settlement patterns suggest that no comprehensive entity exists and that all three origin theories may possibly be valid. A Sevier "culture," based on marsh collecting and supplemented by corn agriculture, can be defined in the eastern Great Basin. A Fremont "culture," based on corn agriculture and supplemented by hunting, can be defined on the Colorado Plateau. A third unnamed, but possibly Plains-related, culture may be defined to the north of these. These "cultures" are distinctive enough to be separated on the same taxonomic level as are the Anasazi and the Sinagua.

Near earthquakes in Central California*

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Byerly
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Central California ◽  
The Waves

Summary Least-squares adjustments of observations of waves of the P groups at central and southern California stations are used to obtain the speeds of various waves. Only observations made to tenths of a second are used. It is assumed that the waves have a common velocity for all earthquakes. But the time intercepts of the travel-time curves are allowed to be different for different shocks. The speed of P̄ is found to be 5.61 km/sec.±0.05. The speed for S̄ (founded on fewer data) is 3.26 km/sec. ± 0.09. There are slight differences in the epicenters located by the use of P̄ and S̄ which may or may not be significant. It is suggested that P̄ and S̄ may be released from different foci. The speed of Pn, the wave in the top of the mantle, is 8.02 km/sec. ± 0.05. Intermediate P waves of speeds 6.72 km/sec. ± 0.02 and 7.24 km/sec. ± 0.04 are observed. Only the former has a time intercept which allows a consistent computation of structure when considered a layer wave. For the Berkeley earthquake of March 8, 1937, the accurate determination of depth of focus was possible. This enabled a determination of layering of the earth's crust. The result was about 9 km. of granite over 23 km. of a medium of speed 6.72 km/sec. Underneath these two layers is the mantle of speed 8.02 km/sec. The data from other shocks centering south of Berkeley would not fit this structure, but an assumption of the thickening of the granite southerly brought all into agreement. The earthquakes discussed show a lag of Pn as it passes under the Sierra Nevada. This has been observed before. A reconsideration of the Pn data of the Nevada earthquake of December 20, 1932, together with the data mentioned above, leads to the conclusion that the root of the mountain mass projects into the mantle beneath the surface layers by an amount between 6 and 41 km.

Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone: Earthquake hazard related to structure, active tectonic processes, and anomalous patterns of earthquake occurrence

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557-1572
Author(s):  
J. D. VanWormer ◽  
Alan S. Ryall
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Walker Lake ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
The North

abstract Precise epicentral determinations based on local network recordings are compared with mapped faults and volcanic features in the western Great Basin. This region is structurally and seismically complex, and seismogenic processes vary within it. In the area north of the rupture zone of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake, dispersed clusters of epicenters agree with a shatter zone of faults that extend the 1872 breaks to the north and northwest. An area of frequent earthquake swarms east of Mono Lake is characterized by northeast-striking faults and a crustal low-velocity zone; seismicity in this area appears to be related to volcanic processes that produced thick Pliocene basalt flows in the Adobe Hills and minor historic activity in Mono Lake. In the Garfield Hills between Walker Lake and the Excelsior Mountains, there is some clustering of epicenters along a north-trending zone that does not correlate with major Cenozoic structures. In an area west of Walker Lake, low seismicity supports a previous suggestion by Gilbert and Reynolds (1973) that deformation in that area has been primarily by folding and not by faulting. To the north, clusters of earthquakes are observed at both ends of a 70-km-long fault zone that forms the eastern boundary of the Sierra Nevada from Markleeville to Reno. Clusters of events also appear at both ends of the Dog Valley Fault in the Sierra west of Reno, and at Virginia City to the east. Fault-plane solutions for the belt in which major earthquakes have occurred in Nevada during the historic period (from Pleasant Valley in the north to the Excelsior Mountains on the California-Nevada Border) correspond to normaloblique slip and are similar to that found by Romney (1957) for the 1954 Fairview Peak shock. However, mechanisms of recent moderate earthquakes within the SNGBZ are related to right- or left-lateral slip, respectively, on nearly vertical, northwest-, or northeast-striking planes. These mechanisms are explained by a block faulting model of the SNGBZ in which the main fault segments trend north, have normal-oblique slip, and are offset or terminated by northwest-trending strike-slip faults. This is supported by the observation that seismicity during the period of observation has been concentrated at places where major faults terminate or intersect. Anomalous temporal variations, consisting of a general decrease in seismicity in the southern part of the SNGBZ from October 1977 to September 1978, followed by a burst of moderate earthquakes that has continued for more than 18 months, is suggestive of a pattern that several authors have identified as precursory to large earthquakes. The 1977 to 1979 variations are particularly noteworthy because they occurred over the entire SNGBZ, indicating a regional rather than local cause for the observed changes.

scholarly journals Assimilated diet patterns of American black bears in the Sierra Nevada and western Great Basin, Nevada, USA

Ursus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (30e3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Jennapher Teunissen van Manen ◽  
Carl W. Lackey ◽  
Jon P. Beckmann ◽  
Lisa I. Muller ◽  
Zheng-Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
American Black ◽  
American Black Bears ◽  
Assimilated Diet
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