The transmission and development of Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of gulls (Laridae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1426-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Wong ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Gammarus Fasciatus ◽  
Larus Delawarensis ◽  
Young Of The Year

Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825), found in the oesophagus of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis Ord), from Lake Ontario developed to the infective stage in the haemocoel of the amphipods Crangonyx laurentianus, Hyalella azteca, and Gammarus fasciatus. At 20 °C the first moult occurred 10 days and the second 18 days postinfection. Infective larvae given to laboratory-reared herring (Larus argentatus) and ring-billed gulls entered the proventriculus of the birds and moulted 3.5 days postinfection. Five days postinfection, fourth-stage larvae were found attached to the posterior third of the oesophagus. The fourth moult occurred 11 days postinfection and worms were found throughout the oesophagus. Females were gravid 27 days postinfection. Various developmental stages are described. Infective larvae became encapsulated on the mesentery of experimentally infected goldfish (Carassius auratus) and a shiner (Notropis sp.). Infective larvae were found in various fish collected in waters adjacent to the gull colony. Regular examination of adult gulls indicated birds acquired infections soon after arriving from the wintering grounds. There was little evidence transmission occurred in the latter regions. Young-of-the-year birds acquired infections by (1) regurgitation of fourth-stage larvae and adult worms along with food during feeding by parents and (2) from infective larvae contained in the fish given to them by the parents. Prevalence in 28-day-old birds had reached 100%. Intensity (including all stages) in fledglings 35–42 days old on July 3 was 15.7 (6–38).

The transmission and development of Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of gulls (Laridae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3092-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Anderson ◽  
P. L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Culaea Inconstans ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Young Of The Year

Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) Anderson and Wong, 1981 of the gizzard of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis Ord) developed to the infective stage in the amphipods Hyalella azteca, Crangonyx laurentianus, and Gammarus duebeni. At 18–20 °C the first moult occurred 10 days and the second 18 days postinfection. Worms developed in the proventriculus of experimentally infected gulls, the third moult occurred 2.5 days and the fourth 5 days postinfection. In 8 days immature adults were found under the gizzard lining near the proventriculus. Females found 16 days postinfection had larvated eggs. Developmental stages in amphipods and gulls are described. Prevalence and intensity of P. adunca were studied in adult and juvenile gulls at the Eastern Headland (Leslie Spit) of the Outer Toronto Harbour, Lake Ontario. The low mean intensity (1.6) in adult birds examined on April 2 suggests that there was little or no transmission of the parasite on the wintering grounds of the gulls. Intensity and prevalence increased in adult birds on the breeding grounds from April 2 to June 25 and larval stages were found in the birds. Prevalence in young-of-the-year birds increased with age of the birds. Intensity reached a high of 3.2 (1–6) in 35- to 42-day-old-birds (July 3). Infective larvae became encapsulated on the mesentery of experimentally infected goldfish (Carassius auratus). Infective larvae of P. adunca were found in the mesentery of fish (Culaea inconstans, Notropis hudsonius, Semotilus atromaculatus) collected in waters adjacent to the breeding grounds. Paracuaria adunca was transmitted experimentally to geese (Anser anser) and ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) but few worms were recovered from the few birds that became infected.

In vitro development of Terranova decipiens (Nematoda) (Krabbe, 1878)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McClelland ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Vitro Development

Eggs of Terranova decipiens were dissected from the vagina and uterus of adult worms from seals and incubated in seawater at 15C. Freshly hatched larvae were cultivated to preadults in Eagle's medium (MEM) with 20% fetal-calf serum.At 15C, 70% of the larvae exsheathed and grew to the infective stage without further molts. Infective larvae were 31.3 (27.7–33.3) mm in length after 52 weeks of cultivation and were similar in morphology to larvae from fish.At 35C, 80%. of cultivated larvae (5.0–24.2 mm in length) molted to preadult. There was a 25% increase in length over a 6-week, period. Cultivated preadults (6.1–36.8 mm in length) were morphologically similar to preadults from seals. They did not, however, complete development to adulthood, and an attempt to infect a seal with cultivated infective larvae was unsuccessful.The described in vitro developmental stages of T. decipiens form a useful guide to the in vivo identification of this important economic nematode.

The life-cycle of the flatfish nematode Cucullanus heterochrous

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Køie
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractMature specimens of Cucullanus heterochrous Rudolphi, 1802 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) were obtained from the intestine of the flounder, Platichthys flesus, from Danish waters. Eggs embryonate in seawater but do not hatch. Fully developed larvae pressed out of eggs are 430 μm long with amphids and dereids and enclosed within the cuticle of a previous larval stage. Infective larvae are believed to be in their third stage. Experimental studies showed that the polychaetes, Nereis spp., Scoloplos armiger, Brada villosa and Capitella sp., may act as intermediate hosts. In N. diversicolor the larvae increase their length to 1 mm within four weeks (15°C) without moulting. Experimental infections showed that larvated eggs are not infective to fish, whereas >550 μm long larvae from polychaetes survived in 4–24 cm long flounders and plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. Third-stage larvae 550 μm to 1.1 mm long were found in the submucosa of the intestine one week post infection. At a length of about 800 μm to 1.4 mm they moult to fourth-stage larvae. Fourth-stage larvae, immature and mature worms occur in the intestine and rectum. Fourth-stage larvae and adults survived experimental transfer from one flounder to another. Similar developmental stages survived for two weeks in the intestine of experimentally infected cod, Gadus morhua.

The Life-History of Syngamus trachealis (Montagu) v. Siebold, the Gape-Worm of Chickens

1923 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ortlepp
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

(1) The female can and does lay eggs.(2) The eggs in the body of living worms do not develop beyond the 16-celled stage.(3) The eggs passed in the fæces of chickens are in the same stage of development as those in the uteri of the adult.(4) The eggs take about a week to develop and produce infective larva?, when cultured in well aerated water at a. temperature of about 25°C.(5) The embryos undergo only one moult before reaching the infective stage.(6) The second stage or infective larvae are generally ensheathed. They are non-climbers, do not penetrate the skin, and cannot resist dessication.(7) In the body of the host the larvae soon reach the lungs, where they grow considerably in size and undergo two further moults.(8) The final or fourth stage larvae are reached in about five days after infection.(9) The larvae then copulate and migrate into the trachea where they attain sexual maturity in from 10 to 14 days later.(10) The whole life cycle is completed within a month.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT, MORPHOLOGY, AND EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF DIPLOTRIAENA BARGUSINICA (FILARIOIDEA : DIPLOTRIAENIDAE)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Turdus Migratorius ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage

Eggs of Diplotriaena bargusinica from worms found in a Hylocichla fuscescens from Algonquin Park, Ontario, hatched and developed in the fat body of grasshoppers (Melanoplus bilituratus, M. fasciatus, Camnula pellucida). At approximately 30–33 °C the first molt took place on the 9–11th day, the second on the 14–16th day. Most second- and third-stage larvae were enveloped in capsules, more than one larva often being present in a single capsule. The larval stages from grasshoppers are described. Grasshoppers with infective larvae were fed to two H. fuscescens, one H. ustulata. one Turdus migratorius, and one Quiscalus quiscula. Subadult worms were found in the two H. fuscescens and the H. ustulata 55–301 days later but none was found in the other birds examined 78–97 days later. Late fourth-stage larvae from the heart and aorta of a nestling H. ustulata captured in the field are described. It is believed tridents first make their appearance during development in the definitive host from the infective stage to the fourth stage. Observations on the morphology of adult D. bargusinica are also reported.

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Induction of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Goldfish Carassius auratus (var. oranda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Paschos ◽  
L Natsis ◽  
C Nathanailides ◽  
I Kagalou ◽  
E Kolettas
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus
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