Métabolisme périphérique de la testostérone en relation avec le cycle annuel de la testostérone et de la 5α-dihydrotestostérone plasmatiques chez le Blaireau européen (Meles meles L.) et le Renard roux (Vulpes vulpes L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maurel ◽  
J. Boissin
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Reproduction Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Peripheral Metabolism

Seasonal variations in plasma contents of testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and other parameters related to the peripheral metabolism of testosterone have been determined in adult foxes and badgers, in natural climatic conditions.In both species, testosterone reaches peak levels in winter, but whereas the fox takes a sexual break beginning in spring (April), the badger has high concentrations of hormones until the summer. The mean annual concentration of testosterone is four times higher in the badger than in the fox; the annual mean value of 5α-dihydrotestosterone is identical in both species and levels of 5α-DHT are significantly higher during the breeding period.The annual cycle of testosterone peripheral metabolism in the fox is characterized by a decreased rate during summer and fall and an increased rate during winter (breeding period). In the badger, the metabolic clearance rate is high at the end of the fall and at the onset of the breeding period (October to January) and low during the peak reproduction period (February to April) and then increases as the period of sexual break approaches.The annual cycle of testosterone production rate is characterized in both species by a fall or prewinter increase; in the fox, this increase is followed by a decrease at the end of the winter, whereas the badger keeps pretty well the same rate of production until the summer.Seasonal variations of hormone peripheral metabolism are examined and discussed in relation to the fluctuations in testosterone levels and the hormone-specific protein linkage capacity.[Journal Translation]

Inorganic Bromide in Higher Fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stijve
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract A total of 138 samples of higher fungi, representing 35 species (15 belonging to the genus Amanita), were analysed for the trace element bromine using spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods. High concentrations of bromine, up to 100 mg/kg on dry weight, were encountered in Amanitaceae, especially in members of the subsections Phalloideae and Eu-Amanita, whereas in other fungi the mean value for this element was only 3,3 m g/kg. Some bromine-accumulating Amanitas also contained unusually high chlorine levels. Am axi­mum concentration of 3 percent on dry weight was measured in A. phalloides. It could be demonstrated that most, if not all of bromine and chlorine was present in the fungi as ionisable inorganic salts. Two organochlorine metabolites, previously reported in some mushrooms, were absent in A. phalloides and A. muscaria.

A pharmacokinetic study of Genetaxyl (G) together with cyclosporin A (CsA) administered orally in cancer patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12002-12002
Author(s):  
C. Liau ◽  
E. Lepper ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
T. Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Apparent Bioavailability ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

12002 Background: Oral administration of paclitaxel given with CsA has shown promising activity in Phase II trials, but the apparent bioavailability is low and dose-dependent due to the presence of high concentrations of Cremophor EL (CrEL). We hypothesized that the use of a novel oral paclitaxel formulation containing only 20% CrEL (Genetaxyl [G]; Genovate Biotechnology Ltd., Taiwan), given with CsA is associated with an improved pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Methods: Cohorts of 6 patients with cancer were treated with oral G at a dose of 60, 120, or 180 mg/m2 and 10 mg/kg of oral CsA in cycle 1. In cycle 2, patients received IV G (175 mg/m2, 3-h infusion). Three additional patients received generic IV paclitaxel (GIP). Serial blood samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS and equilibrium dialysis, to determine total and unbound paclitaxel PK. Results: The mean (± SD) total paclitaxel AUCs were 1299±189, 1682±636, and 2204±1407 ng.h/mL at the 3 consecutive dose levels, suggesting nonlinear PK. However, based on unbound AUC, the oral bioavailability was dose-independent (P=.62), with a mean value of 37.2±18.6% (n=15). As expected, the total paclitaxel AUC following IV G (9024±4648 ng·h/mL) was lower than that for IV GIP (13,732±3983 ng·h/mL), as a result of increased clearance (39.6 vs 18.3 L/h) and a larger volume of distribution (768 vs 268 L). Interestingly, the unbound paclitaxel AUC was similar between the two IV formulations (P=.25), as the ratio of unbound/total paclitaxel for G was 2.5 times higher than that for GIP (12.5 vs 4.9%). Toxicity profiles were mild, with only 2 patients experiencing ≥ Gr 3 myelosuppression following oral G at 180 mg/m2. Conclusions: The mean bioavailability of paclitaxel following oral Genetaxyl with CsA was about 37%, which is higher than that observed previously with paclitaxel (range, 21–31%). Further clinical exploration of oral Genetaxyl in taxane-sensitive diseases is warranted. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals What Signals Are Removed and Retained by Using an Anomaly Field in Climatic Research?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzai Wang ◽  
Zhenya Song ◽  
Fangli Qiao ◽  
Shenfu Dong
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Anomaly Field ◽  
Integer Multiple ◽  
Time Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Climatic Signals

Signals in data are often detected by analyzing anomaly field that is calculated by subtracting the mean value over a time length from the data. Here we demonstrate that the anomaly calculation removes signals which satisfy that the ratio between the time length of the mean T and signals' period L is an integer (i.e., T/L=n where n is an integer) and retains other signals if the ratio is not an integer. In climatic and other studies, the time length of the mean is usually chosen as T=12 months from January to December and the mean is called the monthly climatology. Anomaly is calculated by subtracting the monthly climatology from data. This anomaly calculation thus removes the climatic signals with the periods of 12, 6, 4, 3, 2.4, and 2 months which correspond to (12 months)/n with n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively, whereas it retains other signals such as those with the periods of 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, and 5 months. This paper suggests that one should be cautious when an anomaly field is used in research. The conventional notion is that the monthly anomaly calculation removes the annual cycle. However, here we show that the anomaly calculation removes all signals as long as the time length of the mean is an integer multiple of signals' period.

scholarly journals https://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/320/Researches/60264_31074.pdf

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-201
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amin M. Sharaf Mohammed Amin M. Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
High Concentrations

This study dealt with the hydrochemistry of As Suqah area, NE of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study is based on the analyses of the major and trace elements of 16 water samples. The groundwater shows relatively high concentrations in their overall mineral contents and a high EC, TDS, and total hardness as CaCO3. Two groundwater types were identified in the As Suqah area: Na-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4 and Na-Ca-Mg-Cl water types. Sodium adsorption ratio has a mean value of 14.39. The exchangeable sodium ratio has a mean value of 0.456 and a maximum value of 1.706. The average magnesium hazard was found to be about 49.97. The groundwater in As Suqah area was slightly supersaturated with respect to calcite and supersaturated with respect to dolomite. The mean saturation indices for these species are 1.21 and 2.60 respectively. The main hydrochemical processes responsible for the above discussed variation in water quality are recharge, ion-exchange and mineral dissolution. The water quality within the sedimentary succession was found to be of relatively higher salinity. Its use is restricted for domestic use only if adequately treated.

scholarly journals Au and Te Minerals in Seafloor Massive Sulphides from Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Firstova ◽  
Tamara Stepanova ◽  
Anna Sukhanova ◽  
Georgy Cherkashov ◽  
Irina Poroshina
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Field ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Seafloor Massive Sulphides ◽  
Massive Sulphides

The Semyenov-2 hydrothermal field located at 13°31′N of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is associated with an oceanic core complex (OCC) and hosted by peridotites and basalts with minor amounts of gabbro and plagiogranites. Seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) are represented by chimneys with zonality, massive sulphides without zonality and sulphide breccia cemented by opal and aragonite. The mean value of Au (20.6 ppm) and Te (40 ppm) is much higher than average for the MAR SMS deposits (3.2 ppm and 8.0 ppm, respectively). Generally, these high concentrations reflect the presence of a wide diversity of Au and Te minerals associated with major mineral paragenesis: primary native gold, melonite (NiTe2) and tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3) are related to high-temperature chalcopyrite (~350 °C); electrum (AuAg)1, hessite (Ag2Te) and altaite (PbTe) are related to medium- and low-temperature Zn-sulphide and opal assemblages (260–230 °C). Calaverite (AuTe2) and Te-rich “fahlore” Cu12(Sb,As,Te)4S13 are texturally related to the chalcopyrite-bornite-covellite. Enrichment of Au in sulphide breccia with opal and aragonite cement is driven by the re-deposition and the process of hydrothermal reworking of sulphide. The low-temperature fluid mobilizes gold from primary sulphide, along with Au and Te minerals. As a result, the secondary gold re-precipitate in cement of sulphide breccia. An additional contribution of Au enrichment is the presence of aragonite in the Cu-Zn breccia where the maximal Au content (188 ppm) is reached.

Deposition of copper in cattle and buffaloes edible tissues slaughtered in Assiut city, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
T.H. Youssef ◽  
Y.A. Hefnawy ◽  
H.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

A total of 168 samples of livers, kidneys and muscles (part of the diaphragm) were screened. The samples were subjected to preparation and for measurement the level of copper (Cu) by using Atomic Absorption/Flaming Emission Spectrophotometer. Buffaloes organs showed variations in their copper content. As for liver, the mean copper concentrations were 11.52 ± 5.41 with a range varied from 2.34 to 21.88 μg/g wet weight. Whereas in buffalo kidneys copper level varied from 2.34 to 15.13 with a mean value of 5.85 ± 4.34 μg/g wet weight. Moreover, the concentrations of copper in buffalo muscles varied from1.56 to 15.50 μg/g wet weight with a mean value of 4.35 ± 3.96. On the other hand, copper in cattle liver varied in its concentrations where the mean value was 11.59 ± 5.79, with a range varied from 3.13 to 25.00 μg/g wet weight. Copper in cattle kidneys varied from 2.50 to 16.3 with a mean value of 4.18 ± 3.12 μg/g wet weight. Besides, the concentrations of copper in cattle muscles were 3.23 ± 2.48, 1.88 and 14.34 μg/g wet weight, respectively as a mean, minimum and maximum. In conclusion, 1% - 26% of the examined samples of both cattle and buffalo were higher than the results obtained by Egyptian Organization Standardization and Quality Control (2008), in addition, livers samples have high concentrations of copper than kidneys and muscles.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER OF ONITSHA URBAN, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
E.I Okoyeh ◽  
V.C Ahaneku ◽  
A Utom ◽  
I.E Udegbunam ◽  
G.E Egwuonwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

The investigation of the degree of trace heavy metals contamination in groundwater wells in Onitsha Southeast Nigeria, was carried out based on 20 preselected sample locations. The result of the analysis revealed water of relatively high acidity with pH ranging from 4.93 t0 6.94. The EC values for the analysed water samples ranged from 10.80 to 60.90u while TDS ranges from 20.00 to 410.00.Heavy metals in the form of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Vanadium (V) and Copper (Cu) were analyzed for their concentration in the water samples of the area. The study revealed that the mean value of Fe (0.832000 ± 1.0626228ppm) and Cd (0.043750 ± 0.0181713ppm) exceeded the permissible limit for NSDWQ water quality standard as indicated by the high concentrations of Fe and Cd values observed in water samples of the study area. The concentrations of the heavy metals except Fe and Cd range from Ni (0.000 – 0.750),(Cu 0.00 - 0.105), (Zn 0.00 – 1.798), (Cr 0.002 – 0.046), (As 0.000 – 0.056) and (Va 0.000 - 0.008). The spatial distribution of the heavy metals in the area shows that the eastern part of the study area has relative high concentration of the heavy metals which is attributed to anthropogenic impacts.

THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE ON TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Levin ◽  
Charles W. Lloyd ◽  
Julia Lobotsky ◽  
E. H. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Double Isotope

ABSTRACT The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and the production rate (PR) of testosterone were measured in four male subjects by the method of constant infusion of tritiated testosterone. The mean value of the MCR of 1161 ± 80 (SD) liters/24 hours was not altered by the infusion of epinephrine, at the rate of 0.466 mg per hour for three: hours. The plasma testosterone concentration was measured by the double isotope method of Riondel et al. (1963). Epinephrine significantly decreased this concentration (28%) and also the production rate (28%) The effect of epinephrine on plasma testosterone concentration was measured in six additional male subjects, and the results of the total of 10 subjects showed that there was a decrease of (28%) in the concentration. It was concluded that epinephrine significantly diminished the production rate of testosterone.

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Mäntylä ◽  
J. Perkkiö ◽  
J. Heikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

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