scholarly journals Attraction to and selection of prey by immature lobsters (Homarus americanus)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Carter ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Rock Crab ◽  
Selection Of

This study was concerned with the relative attractiveness of prey extracts and metabolites and ninhydrin-positive compounds (NPCs) offered to immature lobsters (Homarus americanus). Extracts of rock crabs were the most attractive. Those of sea urchins and starfish were the least attractive. Immature lobsters showed significant preference for rock crab extract when offered those of various species. Only rock crab metabolites elicited significant food-searching responses from lobsters. Proline and ammonia were the most attractive of the NPCs tested.Selection of intact prey by immature lobsters was observed. Brittlestars, nereids, and polynoids were attacked more often than other prey, including rock crabs, starfish, mussels, sea urchins, and periwinkles. Polychaetes were almost always completely consumed when attacked. Immature lobsters ate smaller proportions of larger prey. Small rock crabs and large starfish, sea urchins, and mussels tended to avoid predation.An analysis of prey NPCs implicated the higher levels of NPCs, such as proline and ammonia, as a reason for the significant attractiveness of rock crabs.

Distance Chemoreception and Vision in the Selection of Prey by American Lobster (Homarus americanus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. M. Hirtle ◽  
K. H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Selection Of

Lobsters responded positively to the waterborne odor of intact living crabs (Carcinus maenas), sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), and mussels (Mytilus edulis). The frequency of response was higher and the response time shorter to crabs than to sea urchins or mussels. Lobsters also responded to the sight of moving crabs or moving sea urchins, but not to the sight of stationary specimens. Crabs are probably more attractive to lobsters because of their odor and their greater activity, compared with sea urchins or mussels. Key words: lobsters, prey, chemoreception, vision, crabs, sea urchins, movement, odor

Selection of Prey by American Lobsters (Homarus americanus) When Offered a Choice Between Sea Urchins and Crabs

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2199-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia D. Evans ◽  
Kenneth H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Cancer Irroratus ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Selection Of

American lobsters (Homarus americanus) were presented with various numerical combinations of sea urchins (Strongyhcentrotus droebachiensis) and rock crabs (Cancer irroratus) in long-term laboratory feeding experiments. They exhibited a 5:1 preference for crabs when the numerical ratio of urchins to crabs varied from 0.25:1 to 8:1. Lobsters presented with a superabundance of sea urchins (urchin:crab ratios of 16:1 and 100:1) maintained relatively constant proportions of urchins and crabs in their diet. Direct observation indicated that lobsters feed selectively. Their role as key predators in kelp–sea urchin communities is discussed. Key words: food preference, predation, Canadian Atlantic, bioenergetics

Aspects of the Use of Den Trees by Arboreal and Scansorial Marsupials Inhabiting Montane Ash Forests in Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Lindenmayer ◽  
RB Cunningham ◽  
MT Tanton ◽  
HA Nix
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Selection Of

The time and height of emergence from den trees occupied by various species of arboreal marsupials inhabiting the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, in south-east Australia, were recorded from September 1988 to January 1989. There were significant differences in emergence time among most species of arboreal marsupials. Emergence time was strongly correlated with published values of body weight, field metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate. The entrance to the nest was higher in gliding species than those which are non-volant. Small species exhibited a significant preference for den sites with a hole as the entrance. The entrance of a den occupied by large species was typically a hole in a hollow branch or spout. The selection of den sites was related to the body size of the occupant. Differences in the type and height of the entrance to the nest, together with the time of emergence from the den, indicate partitioning of the nest tree resource between the various species inhabiting montane ash forests.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Shikov ◽  
Elena V. Flisyuk ◽  
Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya ◽  
Olga N. Pozharitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Human Experiments ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Selection Of

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.

scholarly journals A field-based investigation of behavioural interactions between invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas), rock crab (Cancer irroratus), and American lobster (Homarus americanus) in southern Newfoundland

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8444
Author(s):  
Nicola Zargarpour ◽  
Cynthia H. McKenzie ◽  
Brett Favaro
Keyword(s):  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Green Crab ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Cancer Irroratus ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Rock Crab ◽  
Catch Rates

Marine species invasions pose a global threat to native biodiversity and commercial fisheries. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is one of the most successful marine invaders worldwide and has, in the last decade, invaded the southern and western coastal waters of the island of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. Impacts of green crab on the American lobster (Homarus americanus), which are native to Newfoundland, are not well understood, particularly for interactions around deployed fishing gear. Declines in lobster catch rates in invaded systems (i.e., Placentia Bay, NL), have prompted concerns among lobster fishers that green crab are interfering with lobster catch. Here, we conducted a field experiment in a recently-invaded bay (2013) in which we deployed lobster traps pre-stocked with green crab, native rock crab (Cancer irroratus) (a procedural control), or empty (control). We compared catch per unit effort across each category, and used underwater cameras to directly observe trap performance in situ. In addition, we used SCUBA surveys to determine the correlation between ambient density of lobster and green crab in the ecosystem and the catch processes of lobster in traps. We found: (1) Regardless of the species of crab stocked, crab presence reduced the total number of lobster that attempted to enter the trap, and also reduced entry success rate, (2) lobster consumed green crab, rock crab and other lobster inside traps and (3) there was a positive association between lobster catch and ambient lobster density. Our results suggest that while there was a relationship between in-trap crab density and trap catch rates, it was not linked to the non-native/native status of the crab species.

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