The developmental cycle of Caryospora bubonis Cawthorn and Stockdale 1981 (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) in the great horned owl, Bubo Virginianus (Gmelin)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
P. H. G. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Bubo Virginianus ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Asio Flammeus ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Transmission Studies

The purpose of the study was to describe some parameters of oocyst production in direct and indirect transmission studies, endogenous development, and attempts at cross transmission of Caryospora bubonis (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) of great horned owls, Bubo virginianus (Gmelin). Three great horned owls were given sporulated oocysts of C. bubonis orally. Three more great horned owls were each fed two mice which had been given sporulated oocysts of C. bubonis orally, 4 weeks previously. Feces were examined daily by flotation and daily oocyst production was estimated. One great horned owl was given sporulated oocysts of C. bubonis and killed 12 days after infection when oocysts were first detected in feces. Tissues were examined histologically. Two long-eared owls (Asio otus (Pontoppidan)) and one short-eared owl (Asio flammeus (L.)) and domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus L.) were given sporulated oocysts of C. bubonis orally and their feces examined as above. Mice were given varying doses of sporulated oocysts of C. bubonis orally and killed sequentially after infection. Tissues of mice and chickens were examined histologically.The prepatent period was 12 days, the patent period was 4–11 days long and maximal oocyst production occurred from 12 to 17 days after direct infection of great horned owls with C. bubonis. The prepatent period was shortened by 48 h in owls indirectly infected with C. bubonis in mice. Endogenous development occurred in the posterior third of the small intestine. Caryospora bubonis was not transmitted to other species of birds.

Oocyst production, late-stage merogony, gametogony, and cross-transmission studies of Eimeria bubonis (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) of the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2279-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
P. H. G. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Bubo Virginianus ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Transmission Studies

The study was designed to examine oocyst production, endogenous development and host specificity of Eimeria bubonis (Protozoa: Eimeriidae). Three great horned owls were administered 1.0 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis orally. Three more great horned owls were each fed two mice which had been previously intubated with sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis. Feces were examined daily after flotation and oocyst production was estimated. One great horned owl was administered 2.25 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis, killed 5.5 days later and examined histologically. Domestic chicks were administered oocysts of E. bubonis and their feces examined as above. Mice were administered sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis and then killed sequentially. Tissues of chickens and mice were examined histologically. The prepatent period of E. bubonis in great horned owls was 5.0–6.0 days; the patent period was as short as 4–6 days. Maximal oocyst production occurred 6–7 days after infection. Endogenous development occurred distal to nuclei of villar epithelial cells in the anterior half of the small intestine. E. bubonis was not transmissible to chickens. Pyogranulomas developed and persisted 12 weeks in mice administered E. bubonis; however, there were no stages of E. bubonis infective to great horned owls.

scholarly journals Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María José González-Olmo ◽  
Bendición Delgado-Ramos ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Guillén ◽  
Martín Romero-Maroto ◽  
María Carrillo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Dental Environment ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Abstract Background To find out whether misuse of dental hygiene, in terms of certain dental habits, may facilitate the spread of COVID-19 among cohabiting individuals. Methods 302 COVID-19 infected (PCR +) subjects cohabiting with someone else at home were selected for an observational cross-sectional study. An anonymous online questionnaire was developed using Google forms to avoid person-to-person contact. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, cross transmission to another person living together, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment like sharing toothbrush, sharing toothbrush container, sharing toothpaste, placing brush vertically, placing cap with hole for brush, disinfecting brush with bleach, closing toilet lid before flushing. Results Tongue brushing was more used in the group where there was no transmission of the disease to other members (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found for shared toothbrush use (p < 0.05), although shared use was a minority in this group (4. 7%), significant differences were also found for the use of the same container (p < 0.01), shared use of toothpaste (p < 0.01), toothbrush disinfection with bleach (p < 0.01), brush change after PCR + (p < 0.05). The women performed significantly more disinfection with toothbrush bleach (p < 0.01), closing the toilet lid (p < 0.05) and changing the brush after PCR + (p < 0.05). Conclusions The use of inappropriate measures in the dental environment could contribute to the indirect transmission of COVID-19 between cohabitants.

Description of Sarcocystis campestris sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae): a parasite of the badger Taxidea taxus with experimental transmission to the Richardson's ground squirrel, Spermophilus richardsonii

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
Gary A. Wobeser ◽  
Alvin A. Gajadhar
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Sporocyst Residuum ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Taxidea Taxus ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Large Round

Sarcocystis campestris sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae) is an heteroxenous coccidium with badgers (Taxidea taxus) as natural and experimental definitive hosts and Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) as experimental intermediate hosts. Free sporocysts (10.2 × 8.0 μm with a large, round sporocyst residuum consisting of a single refractile granule), obtained from intestinal scrapings of badgers (carcasses frozen 2 years at −20 °C), were orally administered to juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels. Acute fatal sarcocystosis developed in some squirrels at 11–13 days postinoculation (p.i.). Meronts (second generation) were present 9–12 days p.i. in the vascular endothelium of many tissues (especially the lungs). Cysts developed in skeletal muscle, contained metrocytes (7 × 5 μm) 30 days p.i., and beginning 46 days p.i., bradyzoites (12.0 × 3.5 μm) were present. Cysts were macroscopic as early as 258 days p.i. Squirrel carcasses containing cysts (76 days p.i.) of S. campestris sp. n. were fed to Sarcocystis-free badgers. The prepatent period was 9 days and the patent period at least 13 days. Both badgers were ill early in the patent period and passed unformed feces during the patent period. Free sporocysts were 10.2 × 8.0 μm and each had an elongate sporocyst residuum containing numerous small refractile granules.

Life cycle ofTrichostrongylus retortaeformisin its natural host, the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Audebert ◽  
H. Hoste ◽  
M.C. Durette-Desset
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe chronology of the life cycle ofTrichostrongylus retortaeformis(Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea) is studied in its natural hostOryctolagus cuniculus. The free living period lasted 5 days at 24°C. Worm-free rabbits were each infectedper oswithT. retortaeformislarvae. Rabbits were killed at 12 h post-infection (p.i.) and every day from one day to 13 days p.i. By 12 h p.i., all the larvae were exsheathed and in the small intestine. The third moult occurred between 3 and 5 days p.i. and the last moult between 4 and 7 days p.i. The prepatent period lasted 12 to 13 days. The patent period lasted five and a half months. The four known life cycles of species ofTrichostrongylusin ruminants were compared with that ofT. retortaeformis. No significant difference was found except in the duration of the prepatent period. These similarities in the life cycles confirm the previously formulated hypotheses on the relationship between the parasites of the two host groups ().

scholarly journals Cross-Transmission Studies with Eimeria arizonensis-like Oocysts (Apicomplexa) in New World Rodents of the Genera baiomys, Neotoma, Onychomys, Peromyscus, and Reithrodontomys (Muridae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve J. Upton ◽  
Chris T. McAllister ◽  
Dianne B. Brillhart ◽  
Donald W. Duszynski ◽  
Constance D. Wash
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Transmission Studies

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON STRONGYLOIDES AGOUTII IN THE GUINEA PIG

1940 ◽  
Vol 18d (9) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
One Year

The suitability and tolerance of the guinea pig to infection with Strongyloides agoutii presented an opportunity for the study of the bionomics of this species in an experimental host.Serial transfer of this nematode through the guinea pig yielded a mixed type (free males and filariform larvae) of free-living development in faecal cultures which occasionally reverted to the indirect mode common to S. agoutii. A reversion to the indirect mode of development was produced when ova from faeces of guinea pigs infected with S. agoutii were cultured in sterile agouti faeces.The termination of the prepatent period of S. agoutii in the guinea pig was shown to range from 7 to 10 days, and 71% of 58 animals were positive by faecal test by the eighth day. The patent period ranged from three to eight weeks.The guinea pig was shown to develop an absolute acquired immunity to re-infection with S. agoutii. This resistance has been retained over a period of at least 6 to 13 months. An age resistance was not observed in animals one year old and over.

Comparative morphological and cross transmission studies with bovine and deer babesias in Ireland

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Gray ◽  
T.M. Murphy ◽  
S.M. Taylor ◽  
D.A. Blewett ◽  
R. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Transmission Studies

Cryptosporidium infections in birds and mammals and attempted cross-transmission studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. O'Donoghue ◽  
V.L. Tham ◽  
W.G. de Saram ◽  
K.L. Paull ◽  
S. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Transmission Studies
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