Neuroanatomy and control of the caudal lymphatic heart of the short-finned eel (Anguilla australis schmidtii)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Davie
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
Anguilla Australis ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Lymphatic Heart ◽  
And Control

The caudal lymphatic heart of the short-finned eel is found in the most posterior segment of the tail. This organ pumps lymph from lateral, caudal, and caudal fin lymphatic vessels into the caudal vein. The anatomy of the heart was studied using light and electron microscopic techniques. Lymph heart muscle is typical of vertebrate fast-acting skeletal muscle. The muscles on each side are innervated by a spinal nerve from the penultimate vertebra. Neuromuscular junctions are of the "en plaque" type and contain spherical vesicles about 60 nm in diameter. Ablation experiments show that the lymph heart beat is neurogenic. It is suggested that action potentials from the penultimate segment of the spinal cord, which are transmitted to the lymph heart by spinal motor axons, initiate lymph heart contractions.

The innervation of toad lymph hearts: An ultrastructural study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
A.M. Pucci ◽  
C. Fruschelli ◽  
A. Rebuffat ◽  
M. Guarna ◽  
C. Alessandrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Muscular Pump ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure ◽  
Heart Wall

Amphibians have paired muscular pump organs, called “lymph heart”, which rhythmically pump back the lymph from the large subcutaneous lymph sacs into the veins. The structure and ultrastructure of these organs is well known but to date there is a lack of information about the innervation of lymph hearts. Therefore has been carried out an ultrastructural study in order to study the distribution of the nerve fibers, and the morphology of the neuromuscular junctions in the lymph heart wall.

scholarly journals Successful treatment of hepatic lymphorrhea by percutaneous transhepatic lymphangiography followed by sclerotherapy using OK-432

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Kojima ◽  
Masanori Inoue ◽  
Seiichiro Yamamoto ◽  
Toshio Kanai ◽  
Seishi Nakatsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Hepatoduodenal Ligament ◽  
Massive Ascites ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Leakage Site ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Conventional lymphangiography cannot detect leakage sites of hepatic lymphatic vessels. Percutaneous transhepatic lymphangiography can be used to visualize leakage sites, and once the leakage site has been confirmed, effective sclerotherapy can be performed. Case presentation A rare case of intractable hepatic lymphorrhea due to injury of the hepatoduodenal ligament following pancreaticoduodenectomy is reported. Drainage of massive ascites from the drainage tube continued after surgery. Percutaneous transhepatic lymphangiography visualized the intrahepatic lymphatic vessels and the leakage site at the hepatic hilum. An 8-Fr drainage catheter was inserted adjacent to the leakage point under fluoroscopic computed tomography guidance. Repeated sclerotherapy using intraperitoneal administration of OK-432 (picibanil) through the catheter was performed, which exposed the leakage site, and control of the ascites was finally achieved. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful case of detection of a leakage site using intrahepatic lymphangiography, followed by sclerotherapy using OK-432.

scholarly journals The effects of simulated microgravity on skeletal muscle of Japanese quail: transmission electron microscopic study

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Holovská ◽  
Viera Almášiová ◽  
Viera Cigánková ◽  
Peter Škrobánek
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Giant Mitochondria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
And Control

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (hypodynamia) on the structure of the skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius) in developing Japanese quail by transmission electron microscopy. Samples of muscle tissues from experimental (n = 28) and control (n = 28) birds were collected at day 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 of age. The structure of m. gastrocnenmius was changed depending on hypodynamia length. The first extensive structural changes were found on day 14 of age. The mitochondria were enlarged and the spaces between the myofibrils were slightly extended compared to control. The sarcomeres were irregular and lipid droplets occurred in the sarcoplasm. Further developmental changes occurred on day 28 of age. Mitochondria fused into the giant mitochondria which frequently exceeded the length of one sarcomere. Moreover, at 42 days of age, beside the above mentioned changes, sarcoplasmic reticulum was dilated and the number of mitochondrial cristae was reduced. However, the structure of m. gastrocnemius on day 56 was less damaged compared to the damage observed on day 42 of age. Presented results indicate that the continuous stay of male Japanese quail under simulated microgravity has a negative impact on the structure of m. gastrocnemius, but also the ability of muscle tissue to cope with these specific conditions.

Changes in vascular and extravascular volumes of eel muscle in response to catecholamines: the function of the caudal lymphatic heart

1982 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
P. S. Davie
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Heart Frequency ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Interstitial Volume ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Capillary Resistance ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lymphatic Heart

1. Vascular volume changes in an isolated saline-perfused eel tail preparation in response to catecholamines were small (less than 2%) and are explicable in terms of changes in volume of pre-capillary resistance vessels. 2. Extravascular-extracellular (interstitial) volume increased less than 3% during infusion of adrenaline (AD) at concentrations of 1 × 10(−6) to 1 × 10(−3) M. Injection of doses of AD and noradrenaline (NA) between 1 nmol and 100 nmol caused maximum interstitial volume changes of less than 11%. 3. Isoprenaline caused only very small changes in vascular and interstitial volume. 4. Caudal lymph heart frequency increases when high concentrations (greater than 1 × 10(−6) M) and doses (greater than 1 nmol) of AD and NA were administered. 5. Caudal lymph heart frequency increases were significantly correlated with changes in outflow after vascular volume adjustments. One function of the caudal lymph heart is to return interstitial fluid to the vascular system.

Release and Recycling of the Readily Releasable Vesicle Population in a Synapse Possessing No Reserve Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 4048-4057 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Koenig ◽  
Kazuo Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Spontaneous Release ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Active Zones ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

We previously demonstrated that the tergotrochanteral muscle (TTM) of Drosophila is innervated by unique synapses that possess a small readily releasable/recycling vesicle population (active zone population), but not the larger reserve vesicle population observed at other neuromuscular junctions in this animal. Using light and electron microscopic techniques and intracellular recording from the G1 muscle fiber of the TTM, the release and recycling characteristics of the readily releasable/recycling population were observed without any possible contribution from a reserve population. Our results indicate 1) the total number of vesicles in synapses presynaptic to the G1 fiber correlates with the total number of quanta that can be released onto this fiber; 2) the number of quanta released by a single action potential onto the G1 fiber is about one half the number of morphologically “docked” vesicles in active zones onto the G1, and this ratio decreases in a partially depleted state; 3) the recycling rate at 1-Hz stimulation, a frequency that does not cause any depression, is 0.24 recycled vesicle/active zone/s; and 4) normal-appearing spontaneous release occurs from the active zone vesicle population and, unlike synapses that possess a reserve population, the frequency of this release is reduced after high-frequency evoked activity.

scholarly journals Intracranial Self-stimulation of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Ewan ◽  
Thomas J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Medial Forebrain Bundle ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Self Stimulation ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background Neuropathic pain attenuates opioid facilitation of rewarding electrical stimulation of limbic dopaminergic pathways originating from the ventral tegmental area. Whether neuropathic pain alters opioid effects of other brain-reward systems is unknown. Methods Control and spinal nerve-ligated (SNL) rats had electrodes implanted into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus or medial forebrain bundle. Control and SNL rats were trained to lever-press for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), and modulation by morphine or cocaine was assessed. Results Control and SNL rats lever-pressed for stimulation of the PVN and medial forebrain bundle. Morphine produced greater reductions in the frequency at which rats emitted 50% of maximal responding for PVN ICSS (maximal effect 24.67 ± 4.60 [mean ± SEM] and 24.11 ± 5.96 in SNL [n = 6] and control [n = 8] rats, respectively, compared with medial forebrain bundle ICSS (12.38 ± 6.77 [n = 8] and 12.69 ± 1.55 [n = 7]). In contrast, cocaine was less efficacious in potentiating PVN ICSS (maximal effect 11.76 ± 2.86 and 12.38 ± 4.01 in SNL [n = 12] and control [n = 8] rats, respectively) compared with medial forebrain bundle ICSS (30.58 ± 3.40 [n = 9] and 27.55 ± 4.51 [n = 7]). Conclusions PVN ICSS is facilitated to a greater extent by morphine than cocaine, and the effects of each drug on this behavior are unaltered after spinal nerve ligation. These effects contrast those observed with direct stimulation of limbic dopamine pathways, suggesting that the PVN may have a greater role in the reinforcing effects of opioids than classic limbic regions, particularly in the presence of chronic pain.

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