A comparative study of transacylation in three insect species

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow ◽  
D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Transacylase Activity ◽  
Wax Moth

The acyl specificity of microsomal glycerophosphate transacylase from the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, and the blowfly, Lucilia sericata, could not explain the fatty acid composition of these two insects. Differences in acyl specificity between the two species did, however, reflect the differences in fatty acid composition of the species.Variable acyl specificity between replicate preparations of L. sericata microsomal glycerophosphate transacylase suggests there are specific sites on the enzyme for each fatty acid and that the number of sites is variable.In the hymenopterous parasitoid Exeristes roborator, glycerophosphate transacylase activity was not detected in the cytosolic, mitochondrial, or microsomal fractions. Microsomal preparations incorporated palmitate from labelled palmitoyl-S-CoA into the diglyceride and triglyceride fractions indicating an active monoglyceride pathway. These results suggest the parasitoid incorporates glycerides directly from the host. The absence of the glycerophosphate pathway partially explains the fatty acid mimicry which is a feature of E. roborator lipid metabolism.

Synthesis of fatty acids by the parasite Exeristes comstockii (Hymenop.) and two hosts, Galleria mellonella (Lep.) and Lucilia sericata (Dip.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Thompson ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Direct Incorporation ◽  
Characteristic Fatty Acid

In contrast with many other insects, whose characteristic fatty acid compositions are influenced to a limited extent by dietary fatty acid composition, the fatty acid composition of the total lipid of the ichneumonid parasite Exeristes comstockii is very similar to that of its diet, that is, the host on which it is reared. When the parasite was reared on two hosts, Lucilia sericata and Galleria mellonella, with very different fatty acid patterns, it retained no characteristic fatty acid composition of its own.Radioisotope studies demonstrated that Exeristes comstockii, Galleria mellonella and Lucilia sericata incorporate 14C from 14C-1-acetate into fatty acids with radioactivity distributions consistent with de novo, elongation, and desaturation synthetic mechanisms.Exeristes comstockii was found to incorporate 14C-1-acetate into fatty acids at higher rates than either host. It appears, therefore, that the parasite has a fatty acid metabolism of its own, with respect to synthesis and turnover, although the fatty acids are qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to those in the host. The origin of the fatty acids of E. comstockii is partially explained by synthesis of fatty acids at different rates than its host, and direct incorporation of host fat, but the parasite appears to lack to great extent the control over pool size normally present in other insects.

scholarly journals A grape polyphenol extract modulates muscle membrane fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in high-fat–high-sucrose diet-fed rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Aoun ◽  
Francoise Michel ◽  
Gilles Fouret ◽  
Audrey Schlernitzauer ◽  
Vincent Ollendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
High Sucrose

Accumulation of muscle TAG content and modification of muscle phospholipid fatty acid pattern may have an impact on lipid metabolism, increasing the risk of developing diabetes. Some polyphenols have been reported to modulate lipid metabolism, in particular those issued from red grapes. The present study was designed to determine whether a grape polyphenol extract (PPE) modulates skeletal muscle TAG content and phospholipid fatty acid composition in high-fat–high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed rats. Muscle plasmalemmal and mitochondrial fatty acid transporters, GLUT4 and lipid metabolism pathways were also explored. The PPE decreased muscle TAG content in HFHS/PPE diet-fed rats compared with HFHS diet-fed rats and induced higher proportions of n-3 PUFA in phospholipids. The PPE significantly up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression. Gene and protein expression of muscle fatty acid transporter cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) was increased in HFHS diet-fed rats but returned to control values in HFHS/PPE diet-fed rats. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 protein expression was decreased with the PPE. Mitochondrial β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase was increased in HFHS diet-fed rats and returned to control values with PPE supplementation. Lipogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial activity were not affected by the PPE. In conclusion, the PPE modulated membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition and decreased muscle TAG content in HFHS diet-fed rats. The PPE lowered CD36 gene and protein expression, probably decreasing fatty acid transport and lipid accumulation within skeletal muscle, and increased muscle GLUT4 expression. These effects of the PPE are in favour of a better insulin sensibility.

Influence of herbage species, cultivar and cutting date on fatty acid composition of herbage and lipid metabolism during ensiling

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van Ranst ◽  
V. Fievez ◽  
M. Vandewalle ◽  
J. De Riek ◽  
E. Van Bockstaele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Composition

scholarly journals Effects of dietary n -6: n -3 PUFA ratio on the growth performance, serum lipid and adipokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition and gene expression of lipid metabolism of finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jiantao Li ◽  
Xianjun Liu ◽  
Hongze Cui ◽  
Liyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Tissue Fatty Acid Composition

Abstract Background The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypo-triglyceridemic properties, have been well documented. However, current dietary modification can easily lead to excessive concentrations of n-6 PUFA and an imbalance in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, resulting in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases. This study investigated the effects of various dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios on the growth performance, blood lipid and cytokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition, and gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred [(Duroc × Landrace) × Yorkshire] finishing pigs (68.5 ± 1·8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 8:1. Results Pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 3:1 and 5:1 had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05) and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) of pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 to 5:1 decreased (P < 0·05), whereas the ratio of concentrations of high-density to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C:LDL-C) in pigs fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 increased (P < 0·05) compared with those fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 8:1. Pigs fed a diet with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 had lower concentrations of leptin (LEP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P < 0·05), and higher concentrations of adiponectin (APN) (P < 0·05) than those fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 8:1. Diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 markedly down-regulated the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in both the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), but up-regulated the expression level of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) in the LM. The expression levels of aP2 and hormone- sensitive lipase were similar to those of PPARγ in the SCAT. Conclusions This study demonstrated that dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios between 3:1 and 5:1 beneficially affected growth performance, optimize blood lipid and adipocytokine levels, enhanced absorption and deposition of n-3 PUFA and regulated lipid metabolism-related genes.

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