Prediction of carcass composition in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) by use of selected indicator bones and muscles

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tata M. Ringberg ◽  
Robert G. White ◽  
Dan F. Holleman ◽  
Jack R. Luick
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Total Muscle

The applicability of using individual bones and muscles as "indicator" tissues for the estimation of body composition in reindeer of various age groups from newborn to maturity was studied. In lean reindeer of both sexes, weights of selected muscles and bones were highly correlated with carcass weight. Total muscle weight was predicted accurately from the weight of each muscle, as was total bone weight from the weight of each indicator bone. Crude chemical composition of carcass was reflected accurately from analyses of indicator muscles. Bone marrow weights and fat contents, on the other hand, were not reliable indicators of body condition in lean reindeer. The use of specific muscles and bones represents an easy and reliable method for estimating body weight and crude chemical composition in reindeer, and opens the possibility through the biopsy sampling of muscle, of continuous monitoring of body condition in free-ranging animals.

Growth and development of water buffalo and Friesian cross-bred cattle, with special reference to growth and distribution of carcass muscle and bone

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Y. Abdallah ◽  
Karima A. Shahin ◽  
M. G. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Total Muscle ◽  
Posterior Anterior

SUMMARYRight sides of carcasses of 12 buffalo, nine ½ Friesian ( Friesian x Egyptian Baladi) and nine ¾ Friesian ( Friesian x ½ Friesian) bulls slaughtered over the body-weight ranges 161–560 kg for buffaloes and 176–448 kg for cattle were cut according to the Chicago style of cutting. Allometric growth pattern and distribution of muscle and bone in the various cuts were examined.Buffaloes were similar to cattle in that muscle and bone in the limbs showed an increasing distoproximal growth gradient. On the ventral line of the trunk, muscles showed an increase in growth impetus from plate to brisket while bone followed a reverse pattern. In buffaloes, growth coefficients of muscle and bone of all dorsal cuts were similar except in the sirloin and chuck where bone was later maturing. In cattle, there appeared a posterior-anterior increase in growth impetus of muscle from the shortloin towards sticking. Within and between genotype-group results indicated that growth of a fatless cut is governed by the growth of its muscle rather than that of its bone.Compared with Friesian crosses, buffaloes had significantly greater percentages of their total muscle and muscle-plus-bone in the expensive cuts. As total muscle weight increased, the proportion of muscle in BLRC (see p. 318) decreased in cattle but remained almost constant in buffaloes. It was concluded that the previously reported inferior carcass composition of buffaloes relative to cattle is compensated by better carcass conformation and tissue distribution of buffaloes.

Carcass composition of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Charles ◽  
ER Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles ◽  
Total Muscle

(1) Six buffalo bulls 14–48 months old were slaughtered and subjected to detailed anatomical dissection. (2) The dressing percentage of 55.2 was greater than that in cattle of similar carcass fatness (10.6). (3) Muscle constituted 37.1% of empty liveweight. (4) The carcasses had a high proportion by weight of muscle (68.6%), a low proportion of bone (17.3%), and a low proportion of fat (10.6%) relative to the proportions found in steer carcasses of similar muscle plus bone weights or total dissected fat percentages. (5) A study of muscle weight distribution showed that the spinal muscle group formed a lesser proportion of total muscle than in bovine steers, while the muscles of the proximal forelimb, those of the thorax passing onto the forelimb, and the intrinsic muscles of neck and thorax formed a greater proportion. The possibility of a sex effect on muscle weight distribution was discussed. (6) Fat distribution featured a high proportion of intermuscular fat relative to subcutaneous fat, and the proportions of kidney and channel fats were greater than those encountered in comparable bovine steer carcasses.

Indices of the carcass composition of Dorset Horn top-cross lambs. III. Relationships between chemical composition, specific gravity and weight of carcasses and joints

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Pradhan ◽  
W. R. McManus ◽  
C. L. Goldstone ◽  
R. F. Hart ◽  
V. N. Khandekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Highly Correlated

The half-carcasses from twelve Dorset Horn x Border Leicester-Merino lambs (3-5 months old) were used to investigate the relationships between the weight of the carcass and its cuts and their chemical composition. The specific gravity of the whole carcass and of the cuts was also measured.Half-carcass weight and chemical composition were highly correlated. Weight could be used to predict the chemical composition with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The loin, the leg, the leg plus loin and the residual were shown to be highly correlated with the chemical composition of the halfcarcass. The loin and leg plus loin are the most convenient to use.

Fat distribution and indices of carcass composition in Coats Island caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Adamczewski ◽  
C. C. Gates ◽  
R. J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Twenty-seven barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) carcass sides were dissected on Coats Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, to calibrate indices of dissectible fat, muscle, and bone. Carcass muscle weight was accurately predicted from weight of the gastrocnemius muscle (In (carcass muscle, kg) = −2.791 + 1.071 In (gastrocnemius, g); r2 = 0.98), and carcass bone weight was accurately predicted from weight of the femur (In (carcass bone, kg) = −4.878 + 1.137 In (femur, g); r2 = 0.98). These allometric relationships held for calves and adults and for animals gaining and losing fat. The subcutaneous, intermuscular, pelvic, and internal omental and perirenal fat depots were weighed for each of 23 animals. The intermuscular and subcutaneous depots were largest and subcutaneous fat increasingly predominated at advanced fatness. Total dissectible fat in the five depots was most accurately predicted from depth of back fat and weight of kidney fat (dissectible fat (kg) = −0.178 + 1.058 depth of back fat (cm) + 24.147 kidney fat (kg); r2 = 0.98) and the regression was unaffected by age or condition. Comparison with similar studies suggests that such within-tissue relationships may be valid for all subspecies of Rangifer.

Carcass composition of double-muscled cattle

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACT1. An anatomical explanation of the observed differences between double-muscled and phenotypically normal cattle was sought by detailed dissection of the sides of six double-muscled Santa Gertrudis steers and six Brangus steers.2. Relative to carcass weight the double-muscled steers had a significantly greater proportion of muscle and a significantly lower proportion of bone and fat than the Brangus steers. Relative to muscle plus bone weight the muscle proportion was greater and the bone proportion lower in the double-muscled steers.3. The musculature of the double-muscled steers exhibited a gradient of hypertrophy: 12 muscles (234g/kg of total muscle weight) were grossly hypertrophied, 56 muscles (565g/kg) were hypertrophied to a lesser degree and 28 muscles (195g/kg) showed either a minor degree of hypertrophy or no hypertrophy.4. The grossly hypertrophied muscles were generally the larger, superficial muscles of the proximal pelvic limb and shoulder area. The muscles showing least hypertrophy were mostly small muscles located in the deeper areas of the carcass, particularly around the spine and in the proximal hindlimb, and in the proximal and distal forelimb.5. Abnormalities of shape in double-muscled cattle may be attributed largely to altered proportions of total muscle and total fat, and to changes in weight distribution within the musculature.

scholarly journals Multi-species and multi-tissue methylation clocks for age estimation in toothed whales and dolphins

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd R. Robeck ◽  
Zhe Fei ◽  
Ake T. Lu ◽  
Amin Haghani ◽  
Eve Jourdain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Cg Dinucleotides ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Unique Species

AbstractThe development of a precise blood or skin tissue DNA Epigenetic Aging Clock for Odontocete (OEAC) would solve current age estimation inaccuracies for wild odontocetes. Therefore, we determined genome-wide DNA methylation profiles using a custom array (HorvathMammalMethyl40) across skin and blood samples (n = 446) from known age animals representing nine odontocete species within 4 phylogenetic families to identify age associated CG dinucleotides (CpGs). The top CpGs were used to create a cross-validated OEAC clock which was highly correlated for individuals (r = 0.94) and for unique species (median r = 0.93). Finally, we applied the OEAC for estimating the age and sex of 22 wild Norwegian killer whales. DNA methylation patterns of age associated CpGs are highly conserved across odontocetes. These similarities allowed us to develop an odontocete epigenetic aging clock (OEAC) which can be used for species conservation efforts by provide a mechanism for estimating the age of free ranging odontocetes from either blood or skin samples.

scholarly journals PSX-11 Effects of nutritional plane before breeding on body condition score, mass indexes, and chemical composition of hair sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 455-455
Author(s):  
Raquel V Lourencon ◽  
Lionel J Dawson ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Luana P Ribeiro ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract Twenty-five Dorper (D), 27 Katahdin (K), and 33 St. Croix (S) ewes were used to characterize changes in BW, body condition score (BCS), body mass index (BMI), and body composition with different nutritional planes before breeding. Supplement treatments were soybean meal fed at 0.16% BW and 25% soybean meal and 75% ground corn at 0.8% BW (DM; L and H, respectively). There were two animal groups and pens per breed and supplement treatment. Shrunk BW (20 h without feed and water), BCS (1–5), linear measures including wither height and length from the point of the shoulder to pin bone, and body composition via urea space were determined after 0, 4, and 8 wk. Initial values were 62.10, 59.99, 61.57, 62.25, 50.23, and 52.98 kg shrunk BW (SEM=3.601); 35.82, 34.81, 35.57, 36.41, 33.77, and 34.09% fat (SEM=1.043); 17.06, 16.72, 16.98, 17.27, 16.38, and 16.49 MJ/kg energy (SEM=0.357); 3.29, 3.41, 3.29, 3.29, 2.99, and 3.18 BCS (SEM=0.139); and 13.72, 14.22, 12.69, 12.81, 11.53, and 11.50 g/cm2 BMI (BW/(height×length); SEM=0.463) for D-L, D-H, K-L, K-H, S-L, and S-H, respectively. Change from wk 0 to 8 was -0.80, 2.90, -2.74, 3.33, -2.02, and 3.36 kg shrunk BW (SEM=0.842); -0.14, 2.03, -1.45, 1.70, -0.85, and 2.10 kg fat (SEM=0.862); -8.4, 83.7, -62.5, 73.8, -38.4, and 88.1 MJ energy (SEM=33.30); -0.02, 0.20, 0.04, 0.29, -0.08, and 0.17 BCS (SEM=0.070); and -0.265, 0.297, -0.185, 0.491, -0.571, and 0.587 g/cm2 BMI (SEM=0.488) for D-L, D-H, K-L, K-H, S-L, and S-H, respectively. Correlation coefficients between change in BCS and mass of water, fat, and energy were 0.35 and 0.44 (P ≤ 0.004), and those for BMI were 0.54 and 0.56, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, a BMI can be more highly related to and predictive of change in body composition of hair sheep resulting from different nutritional planes compared with BCS.

scholarly journals Measured and modelled cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 7891-7906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Jurányi ◽  
M. Gysel ◽  
E. Weingartner ◽  
P. F. DeCarlo ◽  
L. Kammermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Particle Mobility ◽  
Kohler Theory ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles are able to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and are therefore important for the climate and the hydrological cycle, but their properties are not fully understood. Total CCN number concentrations at 10 different supersaturations in the range of SS=0.12–1.18% were measured in May 2008 at the remote high alpine research station, Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m a.s.l.). In this paper, we present a closure study between measured and predicted CCN number concentrations. CCN predictions were done using dry number size distribution (scanning particle mobility sizer, SMPS) and bulk chemical composition data (aerosol mass spectrometer, AMS, and multi-angle absorption photometer, MAAP) in a simplified Köhler theory. The predicted and the measured CCN number concentrations agree very well and are highly correlated. A sensitivity study showed that the temporal variability of the chemical composition at the Jungfraujoch can be neglected for a reliable CCN prediction, whereas it is important to know the mean chemical composition. The exact bias introduced by using a too low or too high hygroscopicity parameter for CCN prediction was further quantified and shown to be substantial for the lowest supersaturation. Despite the high average organic mass fraction (~45%) in the fine mode, there was no indication that the surface tension was substantially reduced at the point of CCN activation. A comparison between hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), AMS/MAAP, and CCN derived κ values showed that HTDMA measurements can be used to determine particle hygroscopicity required for CCN predictions if no suitable chemical composition data are available.

Predicting lean meat yield in beef cattle using ultrasonic muscle depth and width measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., S. P. Miller ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Highly Correlated

The value of live ultrasound longissimus dorsi depth and width measurements as predictors of estimated carcass lean meat yield of steers (CARLEAN-S) and bulls (CARLEAN-B) was studied. In trial 1, equations were developed to predict estimated lean meat yield of steers (n = 116) from carcass weight (Eq. 1) or liveweight (Eq. 2), fat depth and l. dorsi area or liveweight, fat depth and l. dorsi depth × width (Eq. 3). Equation 1 was most precise (RSD = 25.6 g kg-1), followed by Eq. 2 (RSD = 27.8g kg-1) and Eq. 3 (RSD = 30.2g kg-1). Equations 2 and 3 predicted CARLEAN-S with similar accuracy (SEP = 23.8 vs. 24.9 g kg-1, respectively) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89) in an independent data set (n = 118). Repeatability and accuracy of pre-slaughter l. dorsi depth and width measurements were studied in yearling bulls (trial 2; n = 191). When ultrasound measurements were expressed as a percentage of the average ultrasound measurement, repeatabilities of l. dorsi depth (SER = 6.2 to 7.8%) and width (SER = 4.2 to 6.1%) measurements were similar to fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SER = 17.9 and 4.5%, respectively). When ultrasound measurements were compared to the corresponding carcass measurements, l. dorsi depth (SEP = 10.3 to 13.9%) and width (SEP = 6.7 to 8.5%) measurements were as accurate as fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SEP = 32.9 and 8.4%, respectively). Equations were developed to predict CARLEAN-B of yearling bulls (n = 82) from liveweight, 12th rib ultrasound fat depth and either l. dorsi depth × width measurements (Eqs. 4 and 5) or two l. dorsi depth measurements (Eq. 6). All equations had similar precision (RSD = 19.4 to 19.5 g kg-1) and predicted CARLEAN-B similarly (SEP = 25.0, 24.6 and 26.1g kg-1 for Eqs. 4, 5 and 6, respectively) in an independent data set (n = 109). All equations were highly correlated (r ≥0.97) with an equation using ultrasound fat depth and l. dorsi area in the independent data set. Longissimus muscle depth and width measurements were as valuable as l. dorsi area for predicting carcass composition of yearling beef bulls in the present study. Key words: Ultrasound, beef cattle, carcass traits

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