Structure and dynamics of arthropod communities in bat guano deposits in buildings

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Franklin Bernath ◽  
Thomas H. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Bat Guano

This study characterizes the composition, structure, and dynamics of arthropod communities associated with bat guano deposits in buildings. Guano beneath three summer roosts of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) in southern New Hampshire was sampled over a 1-year period.Twelve arthropod species are reported of which most are cosmopolitan associates of dried organic matter and stored products. Included are psocopterans, beetles, mites, hemipterans, a flea, and a pseudoscorpion. These taxa function as fungivores, sarcophages, predators, and ectoparasites.These simple arthropod communities exploit a seasonally rich resource produced by roosting bats. Nycteriglyphine mites were the first free-living colonizers of fresh guano deposits and were the most numerous arthropods throughout the year. Older guano deposits and those with the most diverse resource base generally supported the greatest number of species.Seasonal changes in communities included the presence of fleas only when bats were present, a greater number but lower diversity of other arthropod species when bats were present, and a more equitable distribution and abundance of species when bats were absent. Fresh, wet guano supported higher densities of fungivorous mites and flea larvae than did older, drier guano.

Feeding Strategies of the Little Brown Bat, Myotis Lucifugus, in Southern New Hampshire

Ecology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edythe L. P. Anthony ◽  
Thomas H. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Little Brown Bat

Social and genetic analysis of a population of free-living cats (Felis catus L.) exploiting a resource-rich habitat

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Denny ◽  
Paul Yakovlevich ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Chris Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Rural Australia

Free-living cats (Felis catus L.) exploiting a waste-disposal site in rural Australia were studied for two years to investigate population structure and dynamics, and the relatedness of constituent individuals. The density of the population was equivalent to 700–750 cats km–2, the sex ratio was heavily skewed towards males, breeding occurred from July to April, and kitten survival rates were low. A combination of observational data, biometrics and microsatellite loci analyses was used to assess the relatedness of individuals in the population; these methods yielded highly congruent results. Thus, a female kin-group of three was identified, there was no female immigration, the average relatedness amongst the population was high and there was no indication of male dominance. The results indicate that cats at the site formed a tightly structured group, rather than an ad hoc collection of individuals. The stable, resource-rich habitat of waste-disposal sites may generally support high densities of group-forming cats in rural Australia, and pose broad-scale but previously unrecognised problems for effective management of free-living cats.

Host behaviour, age and sex correlate with ectoparasite prevalence and intensity in a colonial mammal, the little brown bat

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn M.R. Webber ◽  
Liam P. McGuire ◽  
Steven B. Smith ◽  
Craig K.R. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Colonial Species ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of behaviour on host-parasite dynamics has theoretical support but few empirical studies have examined this influence for wild-captured hosts, especially in colonial species, which are thought to face generally high risk of exposure. Behavioural tendencies of hosts in novel environments could mediate host exposure. We tested the hypothesis that behavioural tendencies of hosts, and host sex and age, correlate with prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in a gregarious mammal, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). We also tested whether relationships between host behaviour and parasite prevalence and intensity would vary between taxa of ectoparasites which differ in host-seeking behaviour. We predicted that individual hosts displaying active and explorative behaviours would have higher prevalence and intensity of parasites that depend on physical contact among hosts for transmission (mites) but that host behaviour would not influence prevalence and intensity of mobile ectoparasites with active host-seeking behaviour (fleas). We recorded behavioural responses of wild-captured bats in a novel-environment test and then sampled each individual for ectoparasites. After accounting for age and sex we found mixed support for our hypotheses in some but not all demographics. More active adult and young of the year (YOY) males were more likely to host mites while more active adult and YOY females were less likely to host fleas. Our results highlight possible differences in the influence of host and parasite behaviour on parasite transmission dynamics for colonial compared to non-colonial species and have conservation implications for understanding pathogen transmission in bat white-nose syndrome and other wildlife diseases.

Composition, structure and dynamics of the earth's lower mantle

Lithos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106335
Author(s):  
Felix V. Kaminsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Zedgenizov
Keyword(s):  
Lower Mantle ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Composition Structure

scholarly journals Do arthropod assemblages fit the grassland and savanna biomes of South Africa?

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 9/10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Botha ◽  
Stefan J. Siebert ◽  
Johnnie van den Berg ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Scaling Analyses ◽  
Suction Sampling ◽  
Functional Assemblages

Abstract The long-standing tradition of classifying South Africa’s biogeographical area into biomes is commonly linked to vegetation structure and climate. Because arthropod communities are often governed by both these factors, it can be expected that arthropod communities would fit the biomes. To test this hypothesis, we considered how well arthropod species assemblages fit South Africa’s grassy biomes. Arthropod assemblages were sampled from six localities across the grassland and savanna biomes by means of suction sampling, to determine whether the two biomes have distinctive arthropod assemblages. Arthropod samples of these biomes clustered separately in multidimensional scaling analyses. Within biomes, arthropod assemblages were more distinctive for savanna localities than grassland. Arthropod samples of the two biomes clustered together when trophic groups were considered separately, suggesting some similarity in functional assemblages. Dissimilarity was greatest between biomes for phytophagous and predacious trophic groups, with most pronounced differentiation between biomes at sub-escarpment localities. Our results indicate that different arthropod assemblages do fit the grassy biomes to some extent, but the pattern is not as clear as it is for plant species.

scholarly journals HOW TECHNOLOGICAL MINERALOGY CAN SOLVE PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF MINERAL RAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Elena OZHOGINA ◽  
◽  
Olga KOTOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Integrated Processing ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Intensive Development

The development of mineral resources of solid mineral resources goes mainly together with problems because of natural factors, which determines current position of modern technological mineralogy. We paid particular attention to problems of mineralogical study of refractory ores of natural and technogenic genesis, associated with technical, technological and economic factors. We showed that many provisions of “Strategy for the development of Russian industry for the processing, utilization and disposal of industrial and consumer wastes for the period up to 2030” are related to the field of technological mineralogy. Intensive development and improvement of physical methods of mineralogical analysis resulted in need for their metrological support. Creation of a strict metrological basis for quality control of mineralogical works ensures the reliability of results of performed researches. The formation of new methods and techniques, both research tools and technologies for studying the composition, structure and properties of solid minerals, contribute to understanding interrelationships of mineral phases and resulting spatial and temporal patterns of coexistence of minerals in rocks, ores and other natural and technogenic formations. We considered achievements, problems and prospects for the development of technological mineralogy, an algorithm for the application of its methods and approaches in the management of complex processing of mineral raw. The main emphasis is placed on the development of scientific and methodological prerequisites for solving problem of rational development of mineral raw, the maximum possible extraction and integrated use of all minerals (both main and accompanying), expansion and strengthening of the mineral resource base in the light of the global challenges of the economic and environmental doctrines of modern civilization. The studies of complex mineral systems increasingly use information technologies “big data”. For the best solution of complex tasks of geological and technological mapping and mineragenic research, methods of remote sensing using the Landsat program are becoming popular. We emphasized importance of interactive forms and methods of teaching mineralogical research for specialists from organizations of different departmental affiliation.

Relationship Between Composition, Structure and Dynamics of Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Biphenyl Mesogens

2016 ◽  
pp. 453-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aránzazu Martínez-Gómez ◽  
Mario Encinar ◽  
Juan P. Fernández-Blázquez ◽  
Ramón G. Rubio ◽  
Ernesto Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Composition Structure
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