Circadian rhythms in the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Teleostei). Evidence for an endogenous rhythm in feeding, locomotor, and reaction time behaviour

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1899-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Ove Eriksson ◽  
Theo van Veen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Brown Bullhead ◽  
Phase Angle Difference ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Angle Difference ◽  
Dark Regime ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Time Latency

Locomotor and feeding activity was investigated under(1) 12 h light(L): 12 h dark(D)and 16 h L: 8 h D, (2) 24 h D and 24 h L, and (3) dark pulses (0.75 h L: 0.25 h D), in the brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus). In addition to locomotor and feeding activity, reaction time (latency time on lights-off and lights-on) was also measured.Fish subjected to a light–dark regime showed nocturnal behaviour, in many cases with a positive phase angle difference (i.e., the animals ceased their activity several hours before lights-on). Further, the actograms showed, as expected, a distinct 24 h rhythm. Only 2 brown bullheads out of 15, subjected to constant conditions, showed a circadian component in the locomotor activity, which could only be detected by frequency analysis.Nine out of 12 animals subjected to dark pulses (0.75 h L: 0.25 h D) showed a free-running circadian rhythm (approximately 23 h) in locomotor activity and 2 out of 3 showed such a rhythm in feeding activity. Observations and measurements of reaction time on leaving and re-entering the shelter after lights-off and lights-on (0.75 h L: 0.25 h D) showed also that this parameter has a circadian course. Measurements performed a fortnight later showed a similar, but less pronounced, pattern of behaviour.Dark pulses are thought to prevent rapid dissociation of a flexible multioscillatory circadian system in the brown bullhead.

Latitudinal variation in locomotor activity rhythm in adult Drosophila ananassae

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip S Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Drosophila Ananassae ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Phase Angle Difference ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Adult Drosophila

The parameters of the circadian rhythm of adult locomotor activity in strains of Drosophila ananassae originating between 6° and 34°N were variable and latitude-dependent. Two representative southern strains became active before sunrise, but one representative northern strain began activity after sunrise in nature. During entrainment to a 12 h light (L) : 12 h dark (D) cycle in the laboratory, the southern strains showed two peaks of activity, at the beginning and end of photophase, whereas the northern strains showed a single uninterrupted activity peak starting about 3 h after the lights-on. Among the strains, the phase angle difference (Ψ) during entrainment to 12 h L : 12 h D varied by about 5 h, the period of free-running rhythm(τ) in constant darkness by 3 h, the duration of the activity phase (α) by 7 h, and the duration of the resting phase (ρ) by 10 h. Lower latitude was correlated with an early Ψ (r = 0.977), a short τ (r = 0.975), a prolonged α (r = -0.995), a short ρ (r = 0.995) and a large α/ρ ratio (r = -0.963).

Central and Peripheral Clock Control of Circadian Feeding Rhythms

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110458
Author(s):  
Carson V. Fulgham ◽  
Austin P. Dreyer ◽  
Anita Nasseri ◽  
Asia N. Miller ◽  
Jacob Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Central Brain ◽  
Feeding Rhythms ◽  
Free Running ◽  
The Brain

Many behaviors exhibit ~24-h oscillations under control of an endogenous circadian timing system that tracks time of day via a molecular circadian clock. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, most circadian research has focused on the generation of locomotor activity rhythms, but a fundamental question is how the circadian clock orchestrates multiple distinct behavioral outputs. Here, we have investigated the cells and circuits mediating circadian control of feeding behavior. Using an array of genetic tools, we show that, as is the case for locomotor activity rhythms, the presence of feeding rhythms requires molecular clock function in the ventrolateral clock neurons of the central brain. We further demonstrate that the speed of molecular clock oscillations in these neurons dictates the free-running period length of feeding rhythms. In contrast to the effects observed with central clock cell manipulations, we show that genetic abrogation of the molecular clock in the fat body, a peripheral metabolic tissue, is without effect on feeding behavior. Interestingly, we find that molecular clocks in the brain and fat body of control flies gradually grow out of phase with one another under free-running conditions, likely due to a long endogenous period of the fat body clock. Under these conditions, the period of feeding rhythms tracks with molecular oscillations in central brain clock cells, consistent with a primary role of the brain clock in dictating the timing of feeding behavior. Finally, despite a lack of effect of fat body selective manipulations, we find that flies with simultaneous disruption of molecular clocks in multiple peripheral tissues (but with intact central clocks) exhibit decreased feeding rhythm strength and reduced overall food intake. We conclude that both central and peripheral clocks contribute to the regulation of feeding rhythms, with a particularly dominant, pacemaker role for specific populations of central brain clock cells.

Effects of aging on entrainment and rate of resynchronization of circadian locomotor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. R1099-R1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Zee ◽  
R. S. Rosenberg ◽  
F. W. Turek
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Phase Advance ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Free Running Period ◽  
Related Phase

The phase angle of entrainment of the circadian rhythm of the locomotor activity rhythm to a light-dark (LD) cycle was examined in young (2-5 mo old) and middle-aged (13-16 mo old) hamsters. An age-related phase advance in the onset of locomotor activity relative to lights off was seen during stable entrainment to a 14:10-h LD cycle. In addition, the effects of age on the rate of reentrainment of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity were examined by subjecting young and middle-aged hamsters to either an 8-h advance or delay shift of the LD cycle. Middle-aged hamsters resynchronized more rapidly after a phase advance of the LD cycle than did young hamsters, whereas young hamsters were able to phase delay more rapidly than middle-aged hamsters. The age-related phase advance of activity onset under entrained conditions, and the alteration of responses in middle-aged hamsters reentraining to a phase-shifted LD cycle, may be due to the shortening of the free-running period of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity with advancing age that has previously been observed in this species.

Neuropeptide F immunoreactive clock neurons modify evening locomotor activity and free-running period in Drosophila melanogaster

2012 ◽  
Vol 520 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Hermann ◽  
Taishi Yoshii ◽  
Verena Dusik ◽  
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Neuropeptide F ◽  
Free Running Period

Aggression of guarding male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) towards potential brood predators near the nest

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Ongarato ◽  
E. J. Snucins
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Brown Bullhead ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Defence Behaviour ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieui ◽  
Brood Guarding

Models of potential brood predators placed near the nest were used to elicit defence behaviour in male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) in the field. The three predator models represented a conspecific, a species found in the lake (yellow perch, Perca flavescens), and a species not present in the lake (brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus). Aggressive behaviour increased with brood age and with decreasing distance between model and nest. Brood-guarding smallmouth bass exhibited a generalized response to the three predator models and did not discriminate between them by altering levels of aggression.

Ictalurus nebulosus (Lesueur) (Brown bullhead) 2n = 60

1973 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Beçak ◽  
Willy Beçak ◽  
Franklin L. Roberts ◽  
Robert N. Shoffner ◽  
E. Peter Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Brown Bullhead ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus

Splitting of the locomotor activity rhythm in rats by exposure to continuous light

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. R573-R576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis W. Cheung ◽  
Charles E. McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Locomotor Rhythm ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Locomotor Activity Rhythm ◽  
Active Portion ◽  
Free Running

Female rats exposed to low intensities (0.1–1.5 lx) of continuous light (LL), displayed regular estrous cycles and free-running circadian rhythms of locomotor activity. In most rats, as the intensity of LL was increased to >2.0 lx, components within the active portion (α) of the locomotor rhythm remained synchronized as the periodicity of the rhythm lengthened. However, in a few rats agr split into two components; one of which free-ran with a period shorter than 24 h, while the other free-ran with a period longer than 24 h. As soon as the two components became maximally separated they spontaneously rejoined. In most rats, estrous cycles ceased shortly after the intensity of LL was increased to >2.0 lx even though the locomotor activity rhythm retained its unsplit free-running nature. These observations suggest that the multiple oscillators that control the rhythms of locomotor activity and the estrous cycle are normally coupled to one another. In certain intensities of LL, these oscillators uncouple and free-run with different periodicities, a condition which causes estrous cycles to cease and sometimes produces a split locomotor activity rhythm. circadian rhythm; oscillators; estrous cycle Submitted on November 9, 1981 Accepted on October 11, 1982

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