Moose winter browsing patterns on clear-cuttings in northern Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Hamilton ◽  
P. D. Drysdale ◽  
D. L. Euler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Moose Browsing ◽  
Cruise Lines

Winter browsing patterns by moose (Alces alces) were studied on three cutovers in northern Ontario during spring and summer of 1975 and 1976. The three cutovers were 5 to 6 years old and ranged from 24 to 525 ha in area. Browse patterns were determined by examining 2 m × 4 m plots spaced at 25 m intervals along selected cruise lines. The distance from cover for each plot was calculated from large scale maps. No correlation was found between distance from cover and browse abundance, and moose browsing was independent of food distribution. In 1975, it was found that 95% of all browsing activity was confined to within 80 m of cover. Browse use tended to be greater in 1976, with significant use extending as far as 260 m from cover in one cutover. Food abundance and snow depths up to 75 cm apparently did not determine moose distribution.

Kerala State, India: Radical Reform as Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Franke ◽  
Barbara H. Chasin
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
Kerala State

Kerala State in southwestern India has achieved some of the third world's best rates of life expectancy, literacy, and infant mortality, despite one of the lowest per capita incomes. Especially notable is the nearly equal distribution of development benefits to urban, rural, male, female, high-caste, and low-caste sections of the populations. An even population distribution, a cosmopolitan trading history, and the development of militant worker and small farmer organizations led by dedicated activists provide the main explanations for Kerala's achievements. Land reform has redistributed wealth and political power from a rich elite to small holders and landless laborers. Public food distribution at controlled prices, large-scale public health actions, accessible medical facilities, and widespread literacy combine with and reinforce each other to maintain and expand Kerala's achievements. Serious unemployment threatens the Kerala experiment, but Kerala nonetheless offers important lessons to development planners, policymakers, and third world activists.

Spatially segregated foraging patterns of moose (Alces alces) and mountain hare (Lepus timidus) in a subarctic landscape: different tables in the same restaurant?

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Öhmark ◽  
Glenn R. Iason ◽  
R. Thomas Palo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Mountain Hare ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Lepus Timidus ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Moose Browsing

Differences in body sizes of mountain hares (Lepus timidus L., 1758) and moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) affect their ability to perceive and respond to environmental heterogeneity and plant density. Therefore, we expect these species to show niche separation at different scales in the same environment. Results showed that the numbers of mountain birches (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii L.) browsed by moose per unit area was inversely related to hare browsing. Moose browsed larger birches compared with hares, and while hares targeted areas with high birch densities regardless of tree sizes, moose preferentially browsed areas with high densities of large birches. Moose browsing was clustered at spatial intervals of 1000–1500 m, while hare browsing was clustered at intervals of less than 500 m. Willows (genus Salix L.) in the study area were heavily browsed by moose, while few observations of hare browsing on willow were made. Regarding both hare and moose, numbers of birch stems with new browsing per sample plot were positively correlated with the numbers of birch stems with old browsing, indicating that hare and moose preferred the same foraging sites from year to year. These findings have implications for management of the species because they show the importance of scale and landscape perspectives in planning and actions.

scholarly journals Transformaciones en el sistema alimentario y cambios de dieta en España durante el siglo XX

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Langreo ◽  
Luis Germán ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Siglo Xx

This article reflects on how changes in the Spanish food system have been instrumental in changing the availability and consumption of foods in the twentieth century. We designed several stages in the study and examined several sectors that have experienced major changes. The first stage refers to the first decades of the twentieth century, prior to the Spanish Civil War, and immediately after the war; the second spans from the early fifties to the beginning of the seventies; and the third go from then until the end of the century. Throughout the first three quarters of the century there were major innovations in agriculture and industry, in contrast to a very poor traditional retail distribution system. In the fourth sections of the article, major changes that occurred during the last quarter of the century in food distribution and growing control over the food chain are analyzed in relation to the rapid expansion and increasing concentration of large-scale retail distribution. These changes affected traditional buying habits and consumption, shifting food expenditures towards higher-quality, healthier, processed and personalized goods; as well as increasing food consumption outside the home.

Spring diet of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in a moose (Alces alces) – woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) system in northern Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 721-728
Author(s):  
A.A.D. McLaren ◽  
S.E. Jamieson ◽  
M. Bond ◽  
A.R. Rodgers ◽  
B.R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
American Black ◽  
American Black Bears

American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) are opportunistic foragers, and across most of their range in North America, their diet is predominantly vegetation with limited consumption of vertebrates and invertebrates. However, they are also predators of ungulates, especially neonates, with regional variation in the amount of predation pressure they exert. We used scat analysis to examine the diet of black bears during the calving season in a moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) – woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) system in the Boreal forest of northern Ontario, Canada. Bears consumed herbaceous plants (46.5%), fruits and (or) seeds (20.0%), moose (3.3% adults; 4.3% calves), American beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820; 8.5%), and insects (mostly ants; 4.2%). Bears had the highest consumption of moose and beaver in early spring, before switching to a more vegetation-dominated diet. We did not detect evidence of caribou consumption. Based on our results, black bear consumption of moose, particularly neonates, may warrant further investigation.

Myths and Realities: A Comparative Examination of the Impact of “Boom” and “Bust” Conditions on the Quality of Community Life

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Aldred Neufeldt ◽  
Gillian Doherty ◽  
Jeff Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comparative Examination

Popular perceptions of “boom” and “bust” communities, supported by some of the earlier literature and anecdotal descriptions of life in such circumstances, have suggested that the quality of life in these conditions is seriously jeopardized. On the basis of an examination of one “boom” and two “bust” communities in Northern Ontario along with several comparison communities, and an examination of the available literature, some of the earlier claims of large scale social casualty rates are questioned. Both “boom” and “bust” communities appear to experience predictable phases of development. It is suggested that the principal human service needs vary from stage to stage in both. A number of implications for program planners are identified. It is suggested that future research would most profitably be devoted to longitudinal studies of communities entering either a “boom” or “bust” phase.

Large-scale spatiotemporal variation in calf sex ratio in moose (Alces alces): an effect of density-dependent decrease in maternal condition?

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bjørneraas ◽  
E. J. Solberg ◽  
I. Herfindal ◽  
B.-E. Sæther
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Postnatal Mortality

The harvest of Norwegian moose ( Alces alces (L., 1758)) is directed towards certain sex and age classes to maximize yield in terms of meat or number of animals. Observed side effects are declining numbers of calves per female and proportions of adult males, which may affect other demographic variables. Using long-term data, we examined whether spatiotemporal variation in the calf sex ratio was related to changes in (i) density of harvested moose, (ii) recruitment rate, and (or) (iii) the composition of the adult segment of the population. We found declining proportions of male calves in the autumn harvest over time associated with decreasing recruitment rates. Similarly, the proportion of male calves was lower when density of harvested moose was high. We suggest that the decrease in proportion of male calves was caused by increased prenatal or postnatal mortality rates of males, possibly owing to a density-dependent decline in maternal body condition. Proportion of male calves increased with the proportion of adult males in the population the previous year, indicating that low proportions of adult males may lead to lower male recruitment, particularly at high densities. Further declines in proportions of male calves recruited may be avoided by reducing the population density and changing the demographic composition of the harvest.

Using human-dimensions research to reduce implementation uncertainty for wildlife management: a case of moose (Alces alces) hunting in northern Ontario, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Hunting Pressure ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach ◽  
Resource Conditions

Context Wildlife managers frequently use regulations to alter the preferred hunting strategies and outcomes of hunters. However, hunters can respond to changing social and resource conditions resulting from regulations in ways that can surprise wildlife managers. Aims The specific research questions were (1) how does the availability of licences (tags) required to harvest adult moose (Alces alces) relate to the success of hunters at filling these tags and (2) how do hunting pressure and the density of calf moose relate to the harvest rate of the calf population. Methods Information about hunters, harvest-related outcomes and moose abundance were estimated from social surveys and aerial inventories in 46 wildlife management units (WMUs) in northern Ontario, Canada. An information-theoretic approach was used to select regression models that predicted the average annual filling rate of tags for adult moose and for the average annual proportion of calf population harvested by hunters in the WMUs. Key results Tag filling rates were negatively and strongly associated with the availability of tags to hunters in the WMUs. The proportion of calf population harvested was positively related to hunting pressure and negatively related to the density of calf populations in the WMUs. Conclusions As tags became more scarce, hunters appeared to become more skilled at harvesting adult moose. As calf density declined, hunters harvested larger proportions of the population, indicating a possible inverse density-dependent relationship between abundance and harvest. Implications Understanding hunters and their actions and role within a larger social-ecological system are critical for helping to reduce the uncertainty of implementing regulations for managing wildlife. Without having this understanding, it is easy for managers to become trapped in situations where the intent of management actions is undermined by the abilities of hunters who respond to both changing social and resource conditions.

Detecting moose (Alces alces) browsing damage in young boreal forests from airborne laser scanning data

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Melin ◽  
J. Matala ◽  
L. Mehtätalo ◽  
A. Suvanto ◽  
P. Packalen
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Browsing Damage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moose Browsing

Large herbivores can have large impacts on their habitats through extensive browsing. Similarly, human actions can have large impacts both on habitats and on the animals utilizing the habitats. In Finland, the increase in clear-cut areas has been highly positive for moose in particular, because these areas provide an easy and abundant source of winter food. For the forest owners, moose browsing causes growth and quality losses or even the destruction of whole stand. We aimed to identify moose browsing damage from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and to predict damaged areas. The data was used to detect the difference in forest structure caused by moose browsing (lost branches and twigs) in relation to reference areas without moose browsing. The damaged areas were located, measured, and confirmed by forestry professionals, and ALS data was collected after the damage. In the end, the structural differences that browsing caused proved to be clear enough to be detected with metrics calculated from ALS data. Many variables were significantly different between the damage and no-damage areas. With logistic regression, we were able to differentiate the areas with significant, large-scale damage from no-damage areas with a 76% accuracy. However, the model was too keen to predict false-positive cases (classifying no-damage areas as damaged). It was shown that ALS data can be used in detecting moose browsing damage in a case where the damage is extremely severe (like in here). Yet, to make the results more accurate, better field data about the damaged areas would be needed.

scholarly journals Scale and watershed features determine lake chemistry patterns across physiographic regions in the far north of Ontario, Canada

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef MacLeod ◽  
Wendel (Bill) Keller ◽  
Andrew M. Paterson ◽  
Richard D. Dyer ◽  
John M. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Surficial Deposits ◽  
Physiographic Regions ◽  
Shield Lakes

<p>Changes in the far north of Ontario (&gt;50°N latitude), like climate warming and increased industrial development, will have direct effects on watershed characteristics and lakes. To better understand the nature of remote northern lakes that span the Canadian Shield and Hudson Bay Lowlands, and to address the pressing need for limnological data for this vast, little-studied area of Ontario, lake chemistry surveys were conducted during 2011-2012. Lakes at the transition between these physiographic regions displayed highly variable water chemistry, reflecting the peatland landscape with a mix of bog and fen watersheds, and variations in the extent of permafrost. In the transition area, Shield and Lowlands lakes could not be clearly differentiated based on water chemistry; peat cover decouples, to varying degrees, the lakes from the influences of bedrock and surficial deposits. Regional chemistry differences were apparent across a much broader area of northern Ontario, due to large-scale spatial changes in geology and in the extent of peatlands and permafrost.  Shield lakes in the far northwest of Ontario had Ca, Mg, and TP concentrations markedly higher than those of many Lowlands lakes and previously studied Shield lakes south of 50°N, related to an abundance of lacustrine and glacial end-moraine deposits in the north.</p>

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