Territorial behaviour of the north temperate labrid, Tautogolabrus adspersus

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2337-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Pottle ◽  
John M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Territory Size ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Intraspecific Aggression ◽  
Tautogolabrus Adspersus ◽  
Interspecific Aggression ◽  
Rocky Substrate ◽  
The North ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Conception Bay

A study of territorial behaviour of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, was carried out in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, in 1977 and 1978. Cunners that overwinter in a torpid state were active only from May to late October of both years. Large males established territories prior to the midsummer spawning season and territories were defended throughout and after that season. Territory size ranged from 16.1 to 74.3 m2 on rocky substrate at depths of 0.7 to 13 m and did not vary significantly with either the size of the resident fish or the degree of intraspecific aggression it exhibited. Nonterritorial males were generally smaller than territorial males and were vigorously excluded from their territories. Only territorial males exhibited interspecific aggression, which was most frequent toward Pholis gunnellus. Territorial females were present in the peripheral areas of some males' territories and were aggressive toward other females. Tagging indicated that most males and some females defend the same territory from year to year, and that territory size remains relatively constant. The proportions of territorial and nonterritorial fish, of either sex, in the population are unknown. The primary function of territorial behaviour in T. adspersus may be the provision of a spawning site from which potential rivals are excluded.

Survival and cause-specific mortality of the female eastern wild turkey at its northern range edge

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britney Niedzielski ◽  
Jeff Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wild Turkey ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
The North ◽  
Wild Turkeys ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Context In an era of rapid environmental change, many species are shifting their distributions. As temperate-zone species’ expand their ranges north, different and potentially severe limiting factors may begin to affect their ability to survive and reproduce. The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is one example of a species undergoing rapid northern expansion. Aims An improved understanding of wild turkey demography at the species’ northern range periphery would facilitate effective management of this important game species. Therefore, we undertook a study to evaluate survival, causes of mortality, and behavioural strategies that may govern survival of female wild turkeys. Methods We captured 53 female wild turkeys, and used backpack transmitters to monitor their individual fates during 2012–13. Key results The annual survival estimate was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.25–0.55), with the lowest seasonal survival in the winter. The most frequent cause of mortality was mammalian predation, predominately by coyotes (Canis latrans). Age, proximity to supplemental food, and habitat use did not affect risk of mortality. Conclusions Northern wild turkeys in our study exhibited lower survival and suffered higher predation than did populations in the species’ historic range. Despite our findings, the wild turkey has expanded its range northwards and continues to exist in these peripheral areas. This may be due to high productivity or a source–sink dynamic, whereby high mortality is offset by immigration from the south. Implications The low survival and high predation of wild turkeys in the north must be considered when developing management strategies, particularly if interest exists in translocating turkeys farther north. Further research is needed to better understand whether northern turkey populations persist as sinks.

Regionalism, federalism and minority rights : The Italian case

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-427
Author(s):  
Mario Dani
Keyword(s):  
Minority Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The North ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Post War

Three distinctive dynamics may be identified in the post-war developmentsof territorial and minority rights polities in Italy. The first focuses on  recession attempts in peripheral areas in the aftermath of the world war, and on their interplay with the regional reform. The second peaks in the late '60s-early '70s, and relates territorial minorities' demands for recognition to broader protest movements and 'internal colonialism 'perspectives. The third consists of the recent success of regional Leagues in the North, and largely reverses previous approaches to territorial issues. Autonomy is still emphasized here, yet disconnected from, and often in explicit opposition to, social equality ideas. 'Minority rights' are largely replaced with a peculiar version of territorial populist politics.

American Policy-making and the North Korean Aggression

1955 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. George
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
American Policy ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
And Behavior

The Korean War represented the first American experience with the problem of meeting local Communist aggression by means of limited, if costly, warfare. But despite the revulsion with that experience, and the “new look” at military strategy and foreign policy, it may not be the last. The character of recent weapons developments and the passing of our thermonuclear monopoly make it probable that in the future, as in the past, American policy-makers will be forced to consider the alternative of local conflict, with all its problems and risks, in determining how to respond to the threat or actuality of Communist moves in the peripheral areas.In these circumstances, analyses of American policy-making immediately before and during the Korean War may well illuminate the perspectives and considerations relevant to this difficult and dangerous type of operation. Here, no more can be done than toexamine the effect of strategic planning and estimates of Communist intentions and behavior on the decision to commit American forces to the defense of South Korea. This decision, and even the crucial decision to commit ground forces to eventual offensive operations against the aggressor, was made within afew days of the North Korean attack. Attention, accordingly, is focused on American policy reactions to the war in the first week or ten days following June 25, 1950.

Regional Mycenaean Pottery

1990 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 245-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Mountjoy
Keyword(s):  
Ionian Islands ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Peripheral Areas

A few points are illustrated concerning regional Mycenaean pottery from the Greek mainland dating from LHIIA to LHIIIC Late. It has been suggested that the use of certain motifs on certain closed shapes was perhaps as a label for the contents of the vase. Early Mycenaean regional styles in peripheral areas, such as Thessaly and Phocis, are discussed and regional preferences during the LHIIIA2–IIIB koine are mentioned. The influence of Crete on Mycenaean pottery in Laconia and Messenia during these phases is demonstrated. Contacts between the Ionian islands and the north-west Peloponnese with other areas in LHIIIC Late are noted.

Field observations on the reproductive behaviour of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum), in Newfoundland

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Pottle ◽  
John M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Tautogolabrus Adspersus ◽  
Group Spawning ◽  
Conception Bay ◽  
Courtship Displays ◽  
Labrid Species

Courtship behaviour and pair spawning of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum) were observed in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, during midsummer of 1977 and 1978. Courtship displays were recorded between 0600 and 2100 hours and spawns between 1300 and 2100 hours. The frequency of both courtship behaviour and spawns varied with the time of day. Spawning, but not courtship, is correlated with the tidal cycle. Spawns occur most often during the mid flood to high-tide phase of the eye le. Fish of both sexes are capable of multiple spawns per day. Both territorial and non territorial males acquire nuptial colouration between emergence from overwintering torpor and the start of the spawning season. Nonterritorial males are vigorously excluded from territories by the resident males and appear to contribute little to the reproductive effort of the population. Courtship and spawning occur only within male's territories. Group spawning was not observed. Sexual dichromatism and reproductive behaviour in the cunner are discussed with reference to other labrid species.

Contrasting patterns of territoriality and foraging mode in two stream-dwelling salmonids, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2090-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guðmundur Smári Gunnarsson ◽  
Stefán Óli Steingrímsson
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Mode ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Territoriality and foraging behaviour play major roles in determining the abundance and distribution of mobile animals. To date, territorial behaviour of young-of-the-year (YOY) salmonids is typically described for sit-and-wait individuals that defend territories from one foraging station, but rarely for more mobile fish. We examined the territorial behaviour and foraging mode of 31 YOY Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) and 30 YOY brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in relation to ecological factors in six rivers in northern Iceland. Arctic char used larger territories than brown trout, corresponding with high and low mobility prior to attacking prey, respectively. Within species, more mobile fish also used larger territories. Territory size increased with body size and declined with increased food abundance as predicted, but surprisingly increased with rising intruder pressure. Finally, Arctic char territories overlapped more and were less exclusively defended than brown trout territories. This study shows that territories of mobile individuals may not always pertain to the same rules as single central-place territories and highlights that territorial behaviour, and its role in population regulation, may vary between salmonid species.

Intra- and inter-specific competition between Barrow's goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) and bufflehead (Bucephala albeola)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3439-3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre L. Savard
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Aggression ◽  
Dabbling Ducks ◽  
Interspecific Aggression ◽  
Diving Ducks ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
Bucephala Albeola ◽  
Food Competitor

Barrow's goldeneye and bufflehead pairs defend well-delineated territories from which they exclude conspecifics. Only the male defends the territory and does so even when the female is absent. However, after the young have hatched, females of both species defend brood territories from which they exclude conspecifics. Both species are also interspecifically territorial. Barrow's goldeneye and bufflehead drakes threatened and (or) attacked 15 and 11 species, respectively. However, 55% of Barrow's goldeneye interspecific encounters were with bufflehead and 52% of bufflehead encounters were with Barrow's goldeneye. Barrow's goldeneye drakes always excluded bufflehead from their territory whereas bufflehead drakes successfully excluded yearlings, females, and unpaired Barrow's goldeneye drakes but were usually dominated by paired males. Female Barrow's goldeneye excluded all bufflehead from the brood territory and were particularly aggressive toward bufflehead broods. Food and mates are the most likely defended resources in intraspecific encounters. In interspecific encounters diving ducks were more violently attacked than dabbling ducks indicating that food may be the defended resource. Interspecific aggression of Barrow's goldeneye toward bufflehead does not appear to be misdirected intraspecific aggression but rather a directed aggression toward a food competitor and may therefore be adaptive.

Cittŕ nuove, colonizzazione e impero. Il caso di Fertilia

2013 ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Marcel Farinelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Centre ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
North West ◽  
New Town ◽  
New Towns ◽  
The North ◽  
Marsh Area ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
Fascist Regime ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Examines the reclamation project of a marsh area in the north-west of Sardinia, a plain called Nurra, near the city of Alghero, that was planned during the fascist regime. The project included the building of a new town, Fertilia, and the colonization of the entire area exclusively by peasants from the province of Ferrara. The marsh area was under the administration of the Alghero city administration, the nearest urban centre, that was also the only Catalan speaking minority in Sardinia and Italy. Analyzing the case study of the new town centre (Fertilia) created in opposition to the old town (Alghero), the author argues that the phenomenon of the new towns in Italy during the fascist regime was a way to definitively italianize the population of peripheral areas.

Impact on the Spanish Empire of the Russian Incursion into the North Pacific, 1741–1821

2019 ◽  
pp. 839-861
Author(s):  
Martha Ortega Soto
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Aleutian Islands ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The North Pacific

In the early eighteenth century, the imprecise northwest frontier of the Spanish Empire in America was scarcely explored. At the end of the Seven Years’ War the Spanish Crown implemented reforms to extend its control over peripheral areas like northwestern New Spain. The presence of Russian hunters and entrepreneurs in the Aleutian Islands and small enclaves along the Pacific coast unveiled during this War was considered by the Spanish Crown as an invasion. Meanwhile, the imperial Russian government approved the foundation of the Russian-American Company to consolidate a colonization project in the Americas. This chapter reflects on how both imperial governments understood the limits of their empires in North America, examining the relations that each of them established with the Native American peoples in order to profit from their workforce and local knowledge. It explores Native American responses to Russian and Spanish presence and how these influenced indigenous interethnic relations.

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