Taxonomic congruence in three populations of Quebec brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquie McGlade ◽  
Hugh MacCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into

The degree of taxonomic congruence between three methods of classification is examined for three Quebec populations of wild brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, from the Matamek–Moisie watersheds. The three methods utilize morphometric, meristic, and electrophoretic characters. Electrophoretic comparison is also made between the Quebec samples and brook trout from the Dorion Hatchery, Ontario. Using discriminant function analysis on data for the three Quebec populations, a subset of nine morphometric measurements was identified with between 84.0 and 92.6% correct classification, and a meristic subset of four characters, including mandibular pores, with between 72.5 and 95.0% correct classification. Electrophoretic analysis has identified a number of newly defined alleles at four loci, from five tissues. The meristic and electrophoretic analyses show congruence in the order of similarity and, therefore, are considered the most suitable methods for classification of the brook trout. Morphometric analysis provides an insight into localized adaptation particularly in response to habitat and resource utilization. An understanding of the taxonomic status of populations of brook trout requires not only a definition of individuals in terms of meristic and electrophoretic profiles, but also morphological characterization, to increase our understanding of their ecology and response to other faunal components.

scholarly journals Metrical Distinctiveness of Indian Crania Demonstrated through Stepwise Multivariate Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Pathmanathan Raghavan ◽  
Gayathiri Pathmanathan
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
South India ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Index Analysis

Our previous metrical study of Indian crania from across the South Asian subcontinent found great variability within all of the series, combined with average trends whereby the Indian series resemble each other and contrast with series outside of South Asia. This contribution confirms the craniometric distinctiveness of Indian crania, notwithstanding their intra-series variability, through stepwise discriminant function analysis of the six best sampled series from northern and South India. The proportion of crania from places beyond South Asia classified as Indian is negligible, while over 90% of Indian crania are correctly identified as Indian. This correct identification of Indian crania is enhanced amongst those specimens whose possession of pronouncedly Indian craniometric attributes is revealed through index analysis. By extrapolation, index analysis may also assist the correct classification of non-Indian populations that also are craniometrically distinct. Further, Indians’ craniometric distinctiveness aligns with genetic evidence for the predominantly indigenous ancestry of Indians who speak Indo-Aryan and especially Dravidian languages.

scholarly journals AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL LEUKOCYTES

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. BRENNER ◽  
P. W. NEURATH ◽  
W. D. SELLES ◽  
T. F. NECHELES ◽  
E. S. GELSEMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automated System ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Optimal Set

The development of an automated system for counting and classifying normal and abnormal leukocytes in peripheral blood smears is described. General requirements are discussed and the results of a simulation experiment are presented. A sample of 1572 leukocytes, divided equally among 17 types, was photographed and analyzed using computerized pattern recognition techniques. Various geometrical, color and texture parameters were extracted from the cell images and an optimal set of 20 were used in several computerized classification runs. Training on one-half of the sample and classifying the other half resulted in an over-all correct classification of between 67 and 77% depending on the definition of classification error. When only normal cells are considered, correct classification is obtained for 9l.5% of the cells.

scholarly journals Genome-based classification of Burkholderia cepacia complex provides new insight into its taxonomic status

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Jin ◽  
Jianglin Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Mingda Hu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Insight Into

Arrhythmic complications associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease: consensus definitions from the Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (S2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Deal ◽  
Constantine Mavroudis ◽  
Jeffrey Phillip Jacobs ◽  
Melanie Gevitz ◽  
Carl Lewis Backer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Reentrant Tachycardia ◽  
Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractA detailed hierarchal nomenclature of arrhythmias is offered with definition of its applications to diagnosis and complications. The conceptual and organizational approach to discussion of arrhythmias employs the following sequence: location – mechanism – aetiology – duration. The classification of arrhythmias is heuristically divided into an anatomical hierarchy: atrial, junctional, ventricular, or atrioventricular. Mechanisms are most simplistically classified as either reentrant, such as macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia, previously described as atrial flutter, or focal, such as automatic or micro-reentrant tachycardia, for example, junctional ectopic tachycardia. The aetiology of arrhythmias can be either iatrogenic, such as postsurgical, or non-iatrogenic, such as genetic or congenital, and in many cases is multi-factorial. Assigning an aetiology to an arrhythmia is distinct from understanding the mechanism of the arrhythmia, yet assignment of a possible aetiology of an arrhythmia may have important therapeutic implications in certain clinical settings. For example, postoperative atrial arrhythmias in patients after cardiac transplantation may be harbingers of rejection or consequent to remediable imbalances of electrolytes. The duration, frequency of, and time to occurrence of arrhythmia are temporal measures that further refine arrhythmia definition, and may offer insight into ascription of aetiology. Finally, arrhythmias do not occur in a void, but interact with other organ systems. Arrhythmias not only can result from perturbations of other organ systems, such as renal failure, but can produce dysfunction in other organ systems due to haemodynamic compromise or embolic phenomena.

What can we learn about the meaning of race from the classification of population groups during apartheid?

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Erasmus ◽  
George T.H. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
South African ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Racial Classification ◽  
Social Classification ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

This paper examines what might be learnt about the meaning of race from the formalization of racial classification and reclassification under apartheid, generated by the 1950 Population Registration Act. It draws on 69 (re)classification appeals heard by the South African Supreme Court between 1950 and 1991, and in-depth interviews with a civil servant, expert witness and scientist involved in the (re)classification process. The Supreme Court data indicate that the three classificatory criteria set out in the act (appearance, descent, and acceptance) were ambiguous and subject to substantial debate and reinterpretation by the courts, which principally relied on acceptance. This is supported by the interviewees, who lamented the 'unscientific' classifications they were obliged to perform, yet accepted these as the inevitable consequence of the role social practices play in determining and accepting the classification applied. These findings suggest that there was not a single concrete definition of race during apartheid. Instead, race was whatever people understood or wanted it to be, and racial classification could be attained through 'performing' an identity with sufficient proficiency to 'get away with it'. This provides a crucial insight into the meaning of race elsewhere—as simply a flexible, yet pragmatic and 'acceptable' social classification of group identity.

scholarly journals Gyrocardiography: A Review of the Definition, History, Waveform Description, and Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6675
Author(s):  
Szymon Sieciński ◽  
Paweł S. Kostka ◽  
Ewaryst J. Tkacz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Microelectromechanical System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into

Gyrocardiography (GCG) is a non-invasive technique of analyzing cardiac vibrations by a MEMS (microelectromechanical system) gyroscope placed on a chest wall. Although its history is short in comparison with seismocardiography (SCG) and electrocardiography (ECG), GCG becomes a technique which may provide additional insight into the mechanical aspects of the cardiac cycle. In this review, we describe the summary of the history, definition, measurements, waveform description and applications of gyrocardiography. The review was conducted on about 55 works analyzed between November 2016 and September 2020. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the current state of knowledge in gyrocardiography, especially the definition, waveform description, the physiological and physical sources of the signal and its applications. Based on the analyzed works, we present the definition of GCG as a technique for registration and analysis of rotational component of local cardiac vibrations, waveform annotation, several applications of the gyrocardiography, including, heart rate estimation, heart rate variability analysis, hemodynamics analysis, and classification of various cardiac diseases.

Predicting Students as Deep and Shallow Processors of Information

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette M. Gadzella ◽  
Dean W. Ginther ◽  
William G. Masten ◽  
Debra Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
Stress Inventory

This study predicted the classification of subjects into deep and shallow processors of information. Subjects were 38 deep processors (who scored in the top 25% on the Deep Processing subscale of the Inventory of Learning Processes) and 39 shallow processors (who scored in the bottom 25% on the subscale). The five scores were Chance (from the Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance Locus of Control), Total Stress (from Student-life Stress Inventory), Elaborative Processing and Methodical Study (from the Inventory of Learning Processes), and Inference (from Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal). Discriminant function analysis showed 71.1% correct classification of the deep processors and 79.5% of the shallow processors.

Evolution de la variabilité génétique inter et intra-populations de populations de Salmonidés issues de mêmes pools géniques

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1024-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guyomard ◽  
C. Grévisse ◽  
F. X. Oury ◽  
P. Davaine
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Genetic Pool

Through electrophoretic analysis of 14 enzymatic systems corresponding to 31 loci, we studied the change over six generations in the intra- and inter-population variability of salmonid populations from the same initial genetic pool. Four collections of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and five of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from recently acclimatized stocks in the Kerguelen Islands were examined. The heterozygosity level of these populations remained high and corresponded to the levels of variability observed in other polymorphism studies of the same species. In each species, there was a consistent pattern of genetic differentiation with the "hydrographic proximity" of the populations and with the genetic origin. Within one and the same initial genetic pool, the dendrograms grouped primarily the different ecotypes collected in the same hydrographic system. Thus, these ecotypes seem to result from a behavioral variability within a panmictic population. Finally, establishment of time–genetic distance relationships on the sole basis of electrophoretic data appears unwarranted.

scholarly journals Topical problems of chronic gastritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Yakov S. Tsimmerman ◽  
Yu. A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The authors propose the definition of chronic gastritis with a brief overview of the history of investigation of this diseases and its prevalence with special reference to (1) the bacterial profile and its role in the development of infectious and inflammatory process in gastric mucosa, (2) the modern state of and new trends in the classification of chronic gastritis including their advantages and disadvantages, (3) the relationship between chronic gastritis and functional gastroduodenal dyspepsia syndrome. It is concluded that mucous microflora plays an important factor in the development ofpathology but H.pylori is not its predominant component. Modern classifications of chronic gastritis provide a basis for a deeper insight into evolution of chronic gastritis and its transformation into cancer. The diagnosis of ‘chronic gastritis with functional gastroduodenal dyspepsia syndrome‘ is invalid.

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ramsdell-Hudock ◽  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Lindsey E. Foss ◽  
Candice Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

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