Serological responses in rabbits used to maintain uninfected, laboratory-reared tsetses (Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood) (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Immunological Reaction ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Anamnestic Response ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Antibodies, reacting with homogenatesof salivary glands, were produced in rabbits exposed to Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. Precipitating antibodies and high titres of haemagglutinating antibodies occurred in all exposed rabbits. Precipitating antibodies, identified using immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and precipitin ring tests, developed within 11 days of exposure. As many as seven antigen–antibody precipitin arcs were identified using immunoelectrophoresis. All precipitating antigens in the salivary glands had molecular weights greater than 25 000 (determined by Sephadex gel filtration); the salivary gland anticoagulant was not shown to be antigenic. No precipitating immunological reaction occurred between rabbit sera and tsetse hindguts or midguts. Titres of sera from rabbits receiving a second exposure to tsetses, following a period of no exposure, followed an anamnestic response.

Trypanosome infections and survival in tsetse

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Maudlin ◽  
S. C. Welburn ◽  
P. J. M. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Differential Effects

SummaryThe effect of trypanosome infection on vector survival was observed in a line of Glossina morsitans morsitans selected for susceptibility to trypanosome infection. The differential effects of midgut and salivary gland infections on survival were examined by exposing flies to infection with either Trypanosoma congolense which colonizes midgut and mouthparts or Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense which colonizes midgut and salivary glands. A comparison of the survival distributions of uninfected flies with those exposed to infection showed that salivary gland infection significantly reduces tsetse survival; midgut infection had little or no effect on the survival of tsetse. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the vectorial capacity of wild flies.

Digestive processes of haematophagous insects. XI. Partial purification and some properties of six proteolytic enzymes from the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding ◽  
B. M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose

By O-(diethylaminoethyl)cellulose (DEAE-cellulose) chromatography, affinity chromatography, and Sephadex gel filtration, six proteolytic enzymes active in alkaline medium have been found in the digestive portion of the midgut (tissue and lumen contents) of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans. By use of synthetic substrates the enzymes have been characterized as aminopeptidase (AP; EC. 3.4.11.1), carboxypeptidase A (CPA; EC 3.4.12.2), carboxypeptidase B (CPB; EC 3.4.12.3), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), a trypsinlike enzyme designated proteinase VI, and a chymotrypsinlike enzyme designated proteinase VII. By Sephadex G-100 gel filtration the molecular weights were estimated to be 20 000 for trypsin, 19 000 for proteinase VI, 35 500 for proteinase VII, 30 000 for CPA, 22 000 for CPB, and [Formula: see text] for AP. The Km values (mg/ml) for haemoglobin were 3.43 for trypsin, 2.45 for proteinase VI, 3.68 for proteinase VII, and 2.42 for CPA. The Km values for casein were 1.22 for trypsin and 1.38 for proteinase VII. Casein showed substrate inhibition when hydrolyzed by proteinase VI and VII. Neither haemoglobin nor casein was hydrolyzed by AP and CPB. The pH optima were determined for hydrolysis of casein and the synthetic substrates.

Identification of major soluble salivary gland proteins in teneral Glossina morsitans morsitans

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Haddow ◽  
B. Poulis ◽  
L.R. Haines ◽  
R.H. Gooding ◽  
S. Aksoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans

Effects of Tsetse (Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) Salivary Gland Homogenate on Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R Parker ◽  
Michael J Mant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Antithrombotic Agent ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Esterolytic Activity ◽  
And Storage

SummaryThe saliva of the tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, has antithrombin anticoagulant activity and inhibits thrombin’s esterolytic activity. It has no other detectable anticoagulant properties. The anticoagulant elutes in a single peak on Sephadex fraction, is immediately acting, heat and storage stable, and has a molecular weight of 11-13,000. Unlike heparin it is not neutralized by protamine sulphate or toluidine blue and does not require the co-factor, antithrombin III, for optimal anticoagulant activity. It has similar properties to hirudin, but does not elute with a protein peak upon Sephadex fractionation and has a slightly different molecular weight. Salivary gland homogenates contained neither a plasminogen activator nor fibrinolytic activity. The sera of rabbits used to maintain tsetses, which contained precipitating antibodies against saliva, did not neutralize the salivary anticoagulant in vitro. The properties of this anticoagulant suggest that it might be a potentially useful antithrombotic agent in man.

An immunoregulatory peptide from tsetse fly salivary glands of Glossina morsitans morsitans

Biochimie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewei Bai ◽  
Huimin Yao ◽  
Canwei Du ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Ren Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Glossina Morsitans
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