Development of longitudinal mucosal folds in the intestine of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2364-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Youson ◽  
Kerry L. Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Mucosal Folds

During metamorphosis of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., the larval intestine develops numerous longitudinal folds. The initiation of this event is marked by a decrease in diameter of the intestine and in the height of the typhlosole and is followed by an increase in numbers of cells undergoing DNA synthesis, first in the anterior intestine and later in the posterior intestine. Foci of proliferating cells along the epithelial walls of both regions result in the development of longitudinal folds which seem to elongate by further proliferation of the epithelial cells at their bases and by evagination of the underlying connective tissue and muscle. Slight variations in the mode of development of folds in the anterior and posterior intestines likely reflect the different functions of these regions in the adult. Metamorphosis of the lamprey provides an opportunity to study intestinal development in a vertebrate during a late stage of ontogeny.

scholarly journals Osmoregulatory role of the intestine in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. R410-R417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barany ◽  
C. A. Shaughnessy ◽  
J. Fuentes ◽  
J. M. Mancera ◽  
S. D. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
Anterior Intestine

Lampreys are the most basal vertebrates with an osmoregulatory strategy. Previous research has established that the salinity tolerance of sea lamprey increases dramatically during metamorphosis, but underlying changes in the gut have not been examined. In the present work, we examined changes in intestinal function during metamorphosis and seawater exposure of sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus). Fully metamorphosed juvenile sea lamprey had 100% survival after direct exposure to 35 parts per thousand seawater (SW) and only slight elevations in plasma chloride (Cl−) levels. Drinking rates of sea lamprey juveniles in seawater were 26-fold higher than juveniles in freshwater (FW). Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in the anterior and posterior intestine increased 12- and 3-fold, respectively, during metamorphosis, whereas esophageal NKA activity was lower than in the intestine and did not change with development. Acclimation to SW significantly enhanced NKA activity in the posterior intestine but did not significantly change NKA activity in the anterior intestine, which remained higher than that in the posterior intestine. Intestinal Cl− and water uptake, which were observed in ex vivo preparations of anterior and posterior intestine under both symmetric and asymmetric conditions, were higher in juveniles than in larvae and were similar in magnitude of those of teleost fish. Inhibition of NKA by ouabain in ex vivo preparations inhibited intestinal water absorption by 64%. Our results indicate drinking and intestinal ion and water absorption are important to osmoregulation in SW and that preparatory increases in intestinal NKA activity are important to the development of salinity tolerance that occurs during sea lamprey metamorphosis.

Proliferation and renewal of the epithelium in the intestine of young adult anadromous sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L.

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2341-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Youson ◽  
Robert M. Langille
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Mucosal Folds

The pattern of incorporation of [3H]thymidine in the intestinal epithelium of young adults of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., was examined for up to 41 days using autoradiography. Compared with haemopoietic tissue of the fat column and the epithelium of the kidney, the intestinal epithelium does not rapidly incorporate the isotope. The epithelia of the anterior and posterior intestines and the hindgut regions all undergo a proliferation which, based on changes in the labelling index through time, suggest that a renewal of the epithelium takes place in each region. Most of the cells undergoing cell division are specialized absorptive cells but, in the posterior intestine and hindgut, mucous cells also undergo a variable rate of division. Although there is a slightly greater frequency of labelled cells at the bases of the longitudinal folds, there are no definite zones of proliferation in any region of the intestine. Instead, patches of dividing cells appear throughout the height of longitudinal mucosal folds. This is similar to the situation in parts of the intestine of larval lampreys and the intestine of amphibian tadpoles but unlike the case in other fishes.

Structure of the conus arteriosus and ventral aorta in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa: microfibrils, a major component

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2445-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Elastic Fibre ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Myxine Glutinosa ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Light and electron microscopic observations of the conus arteriosus (CA) and ventral aorta (VA) of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, reveal the presence of a unique form of fibrous extracellular matrix within their media and an unusual type of connective tissue forming the lateral subendothelial distensions found only in the lamprey CA. The extracellular matrix of the media in lamprey and hagfish CA and VA is characterized by large concentrations of tubular, elastic fibrelike microfibrils 11–17 nm in diameter. No elastic fibrelike elastin component could be found. Collagen fibrils, matrix granules, and intergranular filaments make up the remainder of the matrix. The loose connective tissue composing the lateral distensions of the larval and adult lamprey CA contains ultrastructural features similar to those of lamprey mucocartilage. It is speculated that since lampreys and hagfish are living representatives of the most primitive group of vertebrates, the microfibrils present in their major arteries may represent a primitive form of elastic fibre in which elastin has not yet developed. The functional significance of the extracellular microfibrils in the CA and VA of lamprey and hagfish and the occurrence of lateral distensions in the lamprey CA are discussed.

Classification of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Attack Marks on Great Lakes Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett Louis King Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Criteria for the classification of marks inflicted by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) into nine categories were developed from laboratory studies in an attempt to refine the classification system used in field assessment work. These criteria were based on characteristics of the attachment site that could be identified under field conditions by unaided visual means and by touching the attachment site. Healing of these marks was somewhat variable and was influenced by the size of lamprey, duration of attachment, severity of the wound at lamprey detachment, season and water temperature, and by other less obvious factors. Even under laboratory conditions staging of some wounds was difficult, especially at low water temperatures. If these criteria are to be used effectively and with precision in the field, close examination of individual fish may be required. If the feeding and density of specific year-classes of sea lampreys are to be accurately assessed on an annual basis, close attention to the wound size (as it reflects the size of the lamprey's oral disc) and character of wounds on fish will be required as well as consideration of the season of the year in which they are observed.Key words: sea lamprey, attack marks, lake trout, Great Lakes

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