Seasonal variation in ash and calorific content of Idotea baltica (Pallas) (Crustacea:Isopoda)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1917-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim W. Strong ◽  
Graham R. Daborn
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Idotea Baltica ◽  
Calorific Content

Ash, calorific, and carbonate contents were determined monthly for Idotea baltica from Cape Blomidon, N.S. Although changes in calories per gram dry weight (1 cal = 4.1868 J) were correlated with reproductive effort, variations in the ash-free calorific value were difficult to interpret because of considerable changes in ash content. In mature animals, variation in percent ash was apparently associated with gametogenesis but ash variation in immature animals could not be explained. The importance of adequate carbonate corrections in bomb calorimetry is emphasized.

scholarly journals Nutrient Composition and Calorific Value of Some Seaweeds from Bet Dwarka, West Coast of Gujarat, India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kumar J.I. ◽  
R.N. Kumar ◽  
K. Patel ◽  
S. Viyol ◽  
R. Bhoi
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Calorific Content

Seaweeds are used many folds for animal and human food, soil manure, salt extractions (soda, iodine etc.) and colloid production (agar-agar, alginate, carrageenan, furcellaran etc.), cosmetics and pharmaceutics. These represent important economical resources in world wide, where they are not only largely harvested but also intensively and largely employed in the human nutrition. Mineral composition of seaweeds was found relatively higher as compared to the land vegetables. Keeping the significance in mind, in current work nine seaweeds such as Chaetomorpha spp., Cladophora facicaularis, Ulva lactuca, Caulerepa racemosa, Caulerepa sertularioides, Valoniopsis pachynema, Sargassum ilicifolium, Sargassum polycustum and Porphyra vietnamensis growing along the Bet Dwarka, West Coast of Gujarat, India were collected and analyzed for nutrient / mineral composition like Mg, K, Na, Ca, S, N, Cl and P, ash content and calorific value. The nutrient concentration ranges found for each sample, were as follows:  Mg, 70.4-248.1; K, 16.6-128.04; Na, 78.7-129.07; Ca, 121-476.67; S, 101.11-214.99; N, 34.31-56.34; Cl, 26.12-235.66; and  P, 0.78-1.53 expressed in g/100 g dry weight.  Calorific content and ash content, ranged between 11.3-22.6 MJ/Kg and 23.0-41.9 g/100 g dry weight, respectively. Calorific content was negatively correlated with ash content and nutrient composition, but ash content was found to be positive correlation with mineral composition of selected sea weeds. Key words: Seaweeds, Ulva lactuca Nutritional composition, Calorific content, Ash contentDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2565Our Nature (2009) 7:18-25

scholarly journals Assessment of load and quality of logging residues from clear-felling areas in Järvselja: a case study from Southeast Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahur Kurvits ◽  
Katri Ots ◽  
Ahto Kangur ◽  
Henn Korjus ◽  
Peeter Muiste
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Small Admixture ◽  
Combustion Tests

AbstractThe properties of biomass-based fuel and combustion tests showed that logging residues are promising renewable energy sources. The data used in this study were collected from four clear-felling areas in Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest Centre, Southeast Estonia in 2013–2014. Logging was carried out by harvesters in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) dominated stands with a small admixture of other tree species according to the cut-to-length method and logging residues were placed in heaps. The aim of this research is to assess different characteristics of logging residues (quantity, moisture content, energetic potential, ash content and amount) in clear-felling areas. The highest load of slash was measured on the birch dominated study site, where the dry weight of the logging residues was 29 t ha−1. Only the branch fraction moisture content on the black alder dominated site (35.4%) was clearly different from respective values on other sites (21.6–25.4%). The highest calorific value of the residues was assessed with the residues from the birch dominated site, where in moist sample it was 365 GJ ha−1 and in dry matter 585 GJ ha−1. The heating value of the fresh residues is highest in coniferous trees. The highest ash content in branch segments was registered for the black alder dominated site. Järvselja data indicate higher quality in conifer dominated sites, yet a higher load of logging residues in broadleaf dominated stands.

On the biology of Calanus finmarchicus: XIII. Seasonal change in weight, calorific value and organic matter

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Comita ◽  
S. M. Marshall ◽  
A. P. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Spring Maximum

The length, weight, calorific value and organic matter content of Calanus finmarchicus, Stage V, males and females, were measured in monthly samples taken from April 1962 to June 1963.There is considerable variation throughout the year and all stages had their maxima of weight and calorific value in spring, 1962, and winter 1962–63.The calorific value and weight are closely correlated so that, knowing the dry weight, the calorific value can be calculated from it. The correlation is closest in Stage V and, for these, only the dry weight need be known. Since the relation-ship is slightly different for males and females the sex of the adult must be known as well as the dry weight; curves showing these relationships are given.The calorific value obtained from organic-matter analysis at times deviates widely from the values obtained in direct bomb calorimetry, and it is concluded that in the method used not all the fat is accounted for.In weight, calorific value, and organic matter, but not in length, Stage V for a good part of the year show higher figures than adults.In comparing the weights with those of other years and other places, the annual pattern is found to vary considerably. The spring maximum seems to occur every year, but there may be either a maximum or a minimum in autumn and winter.

Seasonal variation in two species of unionid clams from Manitoba, Canada: biomass

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1980-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith D. Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Reproductive Timing ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Anodonta Grandis ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between dry weight and shell length for Anodonta grandis and Lampsilis radiata is log dry weight = a + 3.0317 log shell length, where a varies seasonally. Average water content of clams varies seasonally from 83.18% for both species in February and May to 85.02% for L. radiata in July and 87.56% for A. grandis in July and October. Mean ash content of L. radiata (19.21%) is higher than that of A. grandis (12.68%) except in October (20.94%) when marsupia are filled with glochidia. Differences in reproductive timing and length of glochidial retention contribute to some of the seasonal variations in biomass in A. grandis and L. radiata.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping data

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Tomáš Tonka
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nested Anova ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Dung Decomposition

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping dataAn analysis of data on the dry weight biomass of coprophagous beetles in standardized dung (4.5 l) was conducted in order to characterize the spatial and the seasonal distribution of the beetles' biomass in cattle pastures and to elucidate their function in dung decomposition. Nested Anova with factors of farm, site (nested in farm), seasonal period and year was used to evaluate the effect of these factors on the biomass of four functional species groups: the dung dwellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyAphodiinae), the dung dwellers ofHydrophilidae, the small tunnellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyCoprinae) and the large tunnellers ofGeotrupidae. The spatial variation of biomass (between the sites and the farms) was insignificant (P>0.05) in the two dung-dweller groups and in the large-tunnellers group. On the other hand, a significant (P<0.05) seasonal variation of biomass was found in all but the large tunneller group. In dung dwellers, the spring biomass was formed mainly by two species,Aphodius prodromusandA. sphacelatus. In summer, most of the biomass was accounted for bySphaeridium lunatum, S. scarabaeoidesandA. rufipes. In the two tunneller groups,Onthophagus fracticornis, Geotrupes stercorariusandG. spinigerformed a majority of the biomass in dung.

scholarly journals Reduction of Ash Content in Raw Coal Using Acids and Alkali

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Shivaprasad ◽  
M. M. Nagabhushana ◽  
C. Venkataiah
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Coal Sample ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Ash, an inorganic matter present in coal is amenable for dissolution using suitable reagents. Thus the dissolution of ash and its subsequent removal reduces the release of many toxic elements into the environment by coal based industries. Removal of ash also enhances the calorific value. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to reduce the ash content of raw coal obtained from nearest thermal power by using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. A series of leaching experiments were conducted on coal of different size fractions by varying the parameters like concentration, temperature and time of leaching. The results indicate that it is possible to remove nearly 75% of ash from coal sample by leaching.

Potensi Nilai Kalor Biomassa Dari Ampas Tebu (Bagasse) Yang Bersumber Dari Penjual Minuman Sari Tebu Di Kota Pontianak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Wahyudi ◽  
Muhammad Ivanto ◽  
Murti Juliandari
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Direct Data

Dependence on the provision of electricity using fossil fuels is a major energy supply problem in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to provide new and renewable alternative fuels that are effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. One of the alternative fuels is bagasse biomass. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of bagasse produced by sellers of sugarcane juice drink in Pontianak City, in order to determine the estimated value of bagasse. The research method used was direct data collection and laboratory testing . Based on the results of the study, the number of vendors of sugarcane juice beverages producing bagasse was 169. Of this amount, produce bagasse that can reach 1,030.9 kg/day. Based on the test results, the estimated moisture content of bagasse was 3.28%, ash content was 0.77%, and carbon remained at 7.65%. So, if converted with the test results of the calorific value of bagasse and made into briquettes bagasse (bio briquettes), which is 19,648 kJ/kg with a density of 0.416 kg/m3, then converted into a potential calorific value of 242,849,280 J/year.

The Energy-Sources in Ontogenesis

1927 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
JOSEPH NEEDHAM
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Inorganic Substance ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Dry Substance

1. The percentage growth-rate curves for carbohydrate and protein in the chick enbryo have been determined and compared with those already in the literature for the percentage growth-rates of the whole embryo, the dry substance, the fat, and the calorific value. 2. The composition of the embryo in gm. per cent, of dry weight has been calculated and an ontogenetic succession of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, has been brought to light. These three cell-constituents are at their highest levels in the embryo at 4, 11 and 20 days of incubation respectively. This may be correlated with the succession of maximum intensities of combustion, which have the same order (about 5,8.5 and about 18 days). 3. By comparing the curves for absorption-intensity with those representing the constitution of the embryo, it has been possible to trace the passage of building-materials from the yolk and white into the embryo and to analyse still further the movements of the fat and carbohydrate fractions. 4. The concentration of the carbohydrate and protein in the water of the embryonic body has been calculated and compared with a curve already in existence for fat. 5. The curve for intensity of absorption of total foodstuff has been calculated from the results of chemical analyses. It agrees as well as can be expected at present with that calculated from the oxygen consumption and the increase of dry substance in the embryo. 6. The ratio Carbohydrate : Protein decreases during development, thus falling into line with the ratios Water : Solid, Inorganic Substance : Organic Substance, and Protein : Fat. Certain speculations arising out of these facts are discussed. 7. There is a relation of simultaneity between the combustion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, and the part these types of molecule play in the constitution of the whole embryo.

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