The genus Cosmocercella Steiner, 1924 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1644-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Baker ◽  
M. L. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Eastern North America

Cosmocercella anothecae n.sp. from Anotheca spinosa (Hylidae) of Mexico and the generotype C. haberi Steiner. 1924, from Hyla spp. (Hylidae) of eastern North America are described. Cosmocercella anothecae n.sp. most closely resembles C. haberi. These species differ in the number and arrangement of digitiform caudal papillae, shape of the gubernaculum, and size of spicules in males. Cosmocercella haberi lacks the vesiculated 'bursa' mentioned in the original description and this character cannot be used to distinguish this genus. Cosmocercella is characterized, however, by vesiculated rosette male caudal papillae not present in other genera of Cosmocercidae. Raillietnema minor Freitas and Dobbin, 1961, from Phyllomedusa (Hylidae) of South America is reclassified as Cosmocercella minor (Freitas and Dobbin, 1961) n.comb. The genus also includes C. neveri Hsü and Hoeppli, 1933.

BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON XANTHIUM: TAXONOMIC APPRAISAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Löve ◽  
Pierre Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Enormous Variation

The following paper is an evaluation of the taxonomic and ecological status of the genus Xanthium L. A review of its systematics demonstrates that many so-called "species" described on material from Europe actually have their origin in America, except one, X. strumarium s. str., which seems to have a Mediterranean–European center of dispersal. Another conclusion drawn is that Xanthium consists of only two distinct species: X. spinosum L. and X. strumarium L. The former is a relatively stable species, the latter an enormously variable one readily subdivided into a number of minor taxonomic entities.Ecologically, in eastern North America at least, Xanthium is primarily a beach plant, which prefers open habitats and succumbs to crowding. The seeds are most often dispersed by water and wind. It enters easily into ruderal habitats, but only as long as these are open and unshaded.The generalized short-day flowering response in this genus supports our hypothesis that Xanthium has a tropical–subtropical origin, and we feel that it has its center in Central and/or South America, whence it has spread over the continents north and southward.There is no evidence for any sterility barriers separating the entities of X. strumarium, but we feel that an intense inbreeding with an occasional outbreeding is responsible for the enormous variation, often resulting in small, local, but unstable taxa.

Telephinaand Other Trilobites from the Pratt Ferry Beds, Ordovician of Alabama, U.S.A.

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Zone Boundary ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Conodont Zone ◽  
Stratigraphic Range ◽  
Single Locality

The Pratt Ferry beds are a three meter thick bioclastic carbonate unit containing thePygodus serrus–P. anserinusconodont zone boundary and lying just below theNemagraptus gracilisgraptolite zone at a single locality in Alabama.TelephinaMarek at Pratt Ferry and other eastern North American localities is represented by at least six species. These are judged widespread and in part conspecific with Scandinavian or Asian forms of similar age. Most of the fifteen Appalachian telephinid species proposed by Ulrich (1930) are reviewed and some synonymized.BevanopsisCooper is present, extending its stratigraphic range viaB. buttsi(Cooper). The original description ofCeraurinella buttsiCooper is augmented. Other recorded but poorly represented genera includeAmpyxina,Arthrorhachis,Calyptaulax,Hibbertia,Lonchodomas,Mesotaphraspis,Porterfieldia, andSphaerexochus. The entire faunule represents a mixture of ‘inshore’ and ‘offshore’ or planktonic faunal elements rarely seen elsewhere in the latest Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of eastern North America.

A revision of the genus Orchestia Leach, 1814 with the reinstatement of O. inaequalipes (K.H. Barnard, 1951), the designation of a neotype for Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1776) and the description of three new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae: Talitrinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4808 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-250
Author(s):  
ALAN A. MYERS ◽  
JAMES K. LOWRY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Three New Species

The amphipod genus Orchestia is revised. It now includes 10 species of which three are new: O. forchuensis sp. nov. from north-eastern North America and Iceland., O. perezi sp. nov. from Chile and O. tabladoi sp. nov. from Argentina. Orchestia inaequalipes (K.H. Barnard 1951) is reinstated. The type species of the genus, O. gammarellus is redescribed based on material from Fountainstown, Ireland and a neotype is established to stabilize the species. The species was originally described from a garden in Leiden, far from the sea. Its true identity is unknown and no type material exists. Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1776) is shown to be a sibling species group with members in both hemispheres of the temperate Atlantic as well along the Pacific coast of South America. A hypothesis for the establishment of the current distribution of Orchestia species is presented that extends back to the Cretaceous. 

scholarly journals Treatment of Chagas Cardiomyopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A. Botoni ◽  
Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro ◽  
Carolina Coimbra Marinho ◽  
Marcia Maria Oliveira Lima ◽  
Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Chagas Cardiomyopathy

Chagas' disease (ChD), caused by the protozoaTrypanosoma cruzi(T. cruzi), was discovered and described by the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas in 1909. After a century of original description, trypanosomiasis still brings much misery to humanity and is classified as a neglected tropical disease prevalent in underdeveloped countries, particularly in South America. It is an increasing worldwide problem due to the number of cases in endemic areas and the migration of infected subjects to more developed regions, mainly North America and Europe. Despite its importance, chronic chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) pathophysiology is yet poorly understood, and independently of its social, clinical, and epidemiological importance, the therapeutic approach of CCC is still transposed from the knowledge acquired from other cardiomyopathies. Therefore, the objective of this review is to describe the treatment of Chagas cardiomyopathy with emphasis on its peculiarities.

scholarly journals A Review of North American Isoetes engelmannii (Isoetaceae) complex hybrids, including the description of I. × fernaldii, hyb. nov. and I. × karenae, hyb. nov.

Webbia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Francis Brunton ◽  
Paul Clayton Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Wild

The Isoetes engelmannii complex of eastern North America consists of 30 taxa including 13 named species. Nine of the 17 hybrids within the complex (the largest group of Isoetes hybrids in the world) have been formally described. Those named hybrids are reviewed here in light of recent additions to and enhancements of the morphological and cytological evidence employed in their original description. The pedigree of three of these, I. ×brittonii, I. ×bruntonii and I. ×carltaylorii, is updated and clarified. Formal descriptions are proposed for two additional taxa: I. ×fernaldii, hyb. nov. (I. engelmannii × I. hyemalis) and I. ×karenae, hyb. nov. (I. appalachiana × engelmannii). The potential for a further eight hybrid combinations to occur in the wild is also addressed.

Two new host-specific hepaticolous species ofCatinaria(Ramalinaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. LENDEMER ◽  
William R. BUCK ◽  
Richard C. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
New Host ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cape Horn

AbstractTwo species ofCatinariawith an unusual hepaticolous (i.e. growing on liverworts) lifestyle are described as new to science.Catinaria brodoanais described from species ofCheilolejeuneasect.Leucolejeunea(Lejeuneaceae) growing in south-eastern North America. Catinaria radulaeis described fromRadula flavifolia(Radulaceae) growing in the Cape Horn Archipelago of southernmost Chile, South America. The species are compared with the type ofCatinaria(C. atropurpurea). In addition to occurring on hepatics,C. brodoanais characterized by its cellular exciple, warted ascospores and thallus composed of goniocysts, whileC. radulaeis characterized by its exciple of radiating hyphae, warted ascospores and absence of a lichenized thallus.

Descriptions of Two Species of Ceratophyllus Curtis from Yukon Territory (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Holland
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Flea Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
American Students ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ceratophyllus Gallinae

One may well assume that almost all the Nearctic species of mammalian fleas have probably been discovered. Concentrated collecting and study of mammals and their parasites for more than half a century has not only yielded a largely complete roster of the flea species present but has also elucidated the geographical distributions and host associations of many of them. However, this can hardly be said for the bird flea, which have been relatively neglected. The distributions and ecology of the known species are imperfectly understood and interesting records and new species can still be found, especially in the western and northern parts of the region, if one takes the trouble to search. For example, recent collections from birds' nests in Alaska, made by Dr. Robert Rausch, have yielded a number of distributional surprises (e.g., Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank), formerly believed to be confined to eastern North America) and examination of the nests of a mere six species of birds by the writer and J. E. H. Martin of the Entomology Research Institute during a brief collecting trip on the Alaska Highway in August, 1959, revealed five species of fleas, all belonging to the genus Ceratophyllus Curtis, and including two of special interest. One of these is new to science. The second, identified here as Ceratophyllus balati Rosicky, a species recorded in the literature only from Czechoslovakia, is redescribed here for the convenience of North American students, and also to supplement the original description. In addition to describing these, the writer wishes, in this paper, to emphasize the paucity of our knowledge of bird fleas in the hope that ornithologists and others who may find opportunities to collect and examine birds' nests (after the fledglings have left) will search for fleas.

PALYNOLOGY OF LATE TERTIARY SEDIMENTS FROM QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene A. Martin ◽  
Glenn E. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Fossil Floras ◽  
Microfossil Assemblage

Spores, pollen grains, and other microfossils are described from the Skonun Formation of Queen Charlotte Islands, situated off the western coast of British Columbia. The microfossil assemblage, apparently late Miocene to early Pliocene in age, is analyzed and compared with both other fossil floras and the extant flora. Results indicate the presence of distinctive genera and species, some of whose living equivalents are found only in Asia, Central and South America, or Eastern North America. The phytogeographic and paleoecologic implications of the microfossils are discussed, and reconstructions are attempted for both the climate and the physiography during the time of deposition.

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