Development of Philometroides huronensis (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in the intermediate and definitive hosts

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Uhazy
Keyword(s):  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Third Stage

Development of the larval stages of Philometroides huronensis Uhazy, 1976 took place in the haemocoel of the copepods Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi and Cyclops vernalis. In C. bicuspidatus thomasi held at 10 °C, the first moult occurred 14 to 18 days and the second 30 days after exposure to first-stage larvae. In C. vernalis kept at 20 to 23 °C, moults from the first to second and second to third stage occurred at 6 to 9 and 14 to 20 days, respectively, after infection. Larval stages are described.Infective larvae were transmitted to laboratory-reared white suckers (Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède)). Fish were kept under controlled temperatures and photoperiods. Thirteen of 41 fish were infected with various stages of the parasite (i.e. third-stage larvae, males, uninseminated and inseminated females). All stages were recovered from the peritoneum around the swim bladder. Few male and inseminated female worms were recovered and development of subgravid and gravid stages was not investigated.

Regulation ofAnguillicola crassus(Nematoda) infrapopulations in their definitive host, the European eel,Anguilla anguilla

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (14) ◽  
pp. 1707-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. FAZIO ◽  
P. SASAL ◽  
C. DA SILVA ◽  
B. FUMET ◽  
J. BOISSIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Opposite Sex

SUMMARYThe parasitic nematodeAnguillicola crassuswas recently introduced into populations of the European eel,Anguilla anguilla. We investigated, under experimental conditions, the regulation ofA. crassusinfrapopulations. We tested the effects of (1) the resource-limited habitat of the parasite and (2) the coexistence of several developmental stages in its niche (the swim-bladder) on the composition of the infrapopulations. The results revealed that the respective effects of these factors differed substantially during the course of the infection. Third-stage larvae (L3s) establishment would not be constrained by the size of the swim-bladder. Their moult to fourth-stage larvae (L4s) would be accelerated as the number of L3s increased. The moulting time of L4s to adults would be reduced by males and would be constrained by the size of the swim-bladder. However, the moult of L4s to adults and their further development would be synchronized with those of the opposite sex. At the time of mating, the number of males and the body weight of adults would depend on the size of the swim-bladder. Soon after the laying of eggs, the developmental constraint on the late L3s would decrease. When adults die, constraints would cease and late larval stages would moult to become adults.

Studies on the life-history of Bunostomum phlebotomum (Railliet, 1900), a hookworm parasite of cattle

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Infective Larva ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cutaneous Blood ◽  
Fourth Stage Larva

A description is given of the processes of copulation, formation of the egg and spermatozoon, cleavage, embryogeny and hatching in B. phlebotomum. These processes were found to be essentially similar to those in other strongyle nematodes.The anatomy of the first three larval stages is described and the observations of Conradi & Barnette (1908) and Schwartz (1924) were largely confirmed.Penetration of the skin of calves by the infective larva was observed histologically. The larvae were found to have reached the dermis within 30 min. and to have penetrated the cutaneous blood vessels within 60 min. of application to the skin. The larvae were found in the lung where the third ecdysis was in progress 10 days after penetration of the skin. A description is given of the growth of the third-stage larva in the lung, the changes which take place during the third ecdysis, and the anatomy of the fourth-stage larva.The fourth-stage larvae exsheath in the lungs and travel to the intestine. After a period of growth in which sexual differentiation takes place, the fourth ecdysis occurs and the adult parasite emerges. The time required for the attainment of maturity was found to be somewhere between 30 and 56 days after penetration of the skin.This paper was written at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories, Wey-bridge, and the writer would like to express his gratitude to the Director, Prof. T. Dalling, also to Dr W. R. Wooldridge, chairman of the Council of the Veterinary Educational Trust for their help and encouragement. The writer's thanks are also due to Dr H. A. Baylis, Prof. R. T. Leiper and Dr E. L. Taylor for their advice and help on technical points, and to Mr R. A. O. Shonekan, African laboratory assistant, for his able co-operation.

scholarly journals Seasonal occurrence of some larval stages of endoparasites in three cyprinids from the Nwanedi-Luphephe dams, the Limpopo River System, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Mbokane ◽  
J. Theron ◽  
W. J. Luus-Powell
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
River System ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Third Stage

Abstract This study provides information on seasonal occurrence of developmental stages of endoparasites infecting three cyprinids in the Nwanedi-Luphephe dams, Limpopo River System. Labeobarbus marequensis (Smith, 1841), Barbus trimaculatus Peters, 1852 and Barbus radiatus Peters, 1853 were investigated seasonally from January 2008 to October 2008. The following larvae of metazoan parasites were collected: Diplostomum sp. from the eyes of L. marequensis and B. trimaculatus; Ornithodiplostomum sp. from the gills of B. trimaculatus; Posthodiplostomum sp. from muscle, skin and fins of B. trimaculatus and B. radiatus; third-stage Contracaecum larvae (L3) from the mesentery fats and on the liver lobes of L. marequensis and B. trimaculatus and gryporynchid cestode larvae from the outer intestinal wall of B. radiatus. All the flukes encountered were metacercariae. Diplostomum sp. and Contracaecum sp. dominated the parasite communities. Their prevalence exhibited seasonal fluctuations with maxima in summer. Factors likely to influence fish infection such as the body size of fish and their condition factors were also briefly considered in this study.

Migration and development of swim-bladder nematodes, Cystidicola spp. (Habronematoidea), in their definitive hosts

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1997-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff A. Black ◽  
Murray W. Lankester
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Migration And Development

Third-stage larvae of Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941, and C. farionis Fischer, 1798, migrated directly via the pneumatic duct to the swim bladder of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, respectively. Larvae reached the swim bladder as early as 16 h after fish were infected using a stomach tube. At 4–10 °C, mature male and female C. cristivomeri and C. farionis were first recovered 67 and 210 days, and 112 and 235 days, respectively, after infection. Cystidicola cristivomeri is probably long-lived; there was no evidence that any died in lake trout infected for up to 600 days.Large numbers of third-stage cystidicolid larvae accumulated without maturing in the swim bladder of naturally infected lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, from Lake Nipigon, northwestern Ontario. When given to rainbow trout, these larvae matured and the adult nematodes were identical to C. farionis. These results suggest that the swim-bladder nematode that matures in lake whitefish is a distinct species.

Growth and reproduction of Halicarcinus australis (Haswell) (Crustacea, Brachyura) in the Swan estuary, Western Australia. II. Larval stages

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Lucas ◽  
EP Hodgkin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Larvae of Halicarcinus australis (Haswell) were collected in vertical plankton samples from eight stations in the Swan estuary during two summers. The majority of samples included live and dead larvae; the high proportion of dead larvae shows that there are other important causes of mortality besides predation. Third stage zoeae (the final larval stage) occur over more restricted salinity and temperature ranges than earlier zoeal stages, and their temporal and spatial distributions in the estuary are also more restricted. Laboratory rearing of H. australis larvae at 16 chlorinity-temperature combinations shows that larvae are less tolerant of extremes of these parameters than crabs. Hydrological conditions unfavourable for larval development occur throughout the estuary in winter and in upstream regions in summer. However, during much of these periods ovigerous females are present in crab populations and larvae are released, thus accounting for some of the mortality apparent from the plankton samples. Third stage zoeae are found progressively further up stream in summer associated with the advance of favourable salinities and with a zone of plankton abundance. Recruitment into crab populations reflects the time of completion of larval development at each locality.

Some remarks on the occurrence and development of philometrid nematodes infecting the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni Lacépède (Pisces: Catostomidae), in Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
K. Molnar ◽  
G. L. Chan ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Laurel Creek

During a study on the parasitofauna of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in Laurel Creek, Ontario, three philometrid nematodes were found. Gravid and subgravid females completing the life cycle occurred very infrequently (Philometroides huronensis: 4.3%, Philometroides nodulosa: 1.6%, Philometra kobuleji: 1.1%). In comparison, males and retarded females infected the eyeball and the peritoneum around the swim bladder very often (43.1 and 31.6% in total, respectively). Less frequently, developmental stages were found in the abdominal cavity. Specimens found in the eyeball were identified as belonging to P. nodulosa, while the swim bladder forms could belong to P. huronensis or to P. kobuleji. The eyeball and the peritoneum around the swim bladder are regarded as refuges for retarded forms, where they can survive for more than a year. No evidence was found of a direct cause of retardation.

LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE BERTHA ARMYWORM (MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
S.A. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dual Objectives ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThis study had dual objectives: to select a series of insecticides toxic to the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Walk.), and to determine susceptibility of the various developmental stages to insecticides. Pupae were collected from infested rapeseed fields in Alberta and a laboratory rearing procedure suitable for production of large numbers of insects was devised. The direct contact toxicity of 50 insecticides to third-stage larvae was assessed. Methomyl and DDT were included as standard insecticides. None of the experimental insecticides was as toxic as methomyl but about one half were more toxic than DDT. Tests with representative organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides indicated that all caused rapid knockdown of third-stage larvae. There was no evidence of subsequent recovery. After the life history of the bertha armyworm under controlled environmental conditions was determined, tests were conducted to ascertain the susceptibility of the various developmental stages to methomyl, chlorpyrifos, leptophos, and methidathion. Eggs and first and second stage larvae were more susceptible to direct contact applications of the insecticides than were the later larval stages, pupae, and adults.

Biology, morphology and anatomy of aphidophagous syrphid larvae

Parasitology ◽  
1939 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan Lal Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Syrphid Larvae

The paper deals with the biology, morphology and anatomy of seven species of syrphid larvae viz. Syrphus luniger Meig., S. balteatus De Greer, S. ribesii Linne, Catabomba pyrastri Linne, Sphaerophoria flavicauda Zett., Sph. scripta Linne, and Platychirus scutatus Meig.The habitat, mode of progression, aphidophagous habits and characteristic coloration are described for each species.It is shown that the larvae of all the above species, like larvae of other cyclorrhaphous Diptera, definitely pass through three stages separated by two moults. The mode of dehiscence of the puparium is described briefly.Each of the species, except Catabomba pyrastri, has three generations in the breeding season which lasts from May to October. Platychirus scutatus hibernates only in the larval stage, but the other species may be found in both the larval and pupal stages during the winter.The larvae of all the above species, except Syrphus balteatus, are commonly parasitized by ichneumonid larvae.The morphology of the egg, the three larval stages and the puparium of S. luniger is described in detail.The characters common to the third stage larvae of all the species dealt with are summarized and short descriptions of the third stage larvae and puparia of the individual species are given. The general appearance of the living larvae and details of the buccopharyngeal armature, spiracles and puparia of each of the species is represented in figures.In connexion with the pupae a number of new structures are described and it is suggested that some of them are concerned with the formation of the characteristic shape of the puparium and with the dehiscence of the puparium.Internal pupal spiracles are present in all the species dealt with, but external pupal spiracles are present only in Platychirus scutatus.The anatomy of P. scutatus is described and figured, an account being given of all the structures except the musculature of the body wall. Study of the anatomy affords evidence as to the carnivorous mode of life of the larvae and also indicates that the larvae have evolved from aquatic forms.The comparative morphology of the Syrphinae is discussed with respect to the relationship of the Syrphinae to other Aschiza and to the cyclorrhaphous Diptera.

Morphometric and morphological characteristics for identifying the life stages of Xiphinema bakeri Williams, 1961 (Nematoda: Longidorinae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Sutherland ◽  
T. G. Dunn ◽  
N. Bruce F. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clear Area ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Tail Tip

Several morphometric and morphological characteristics were evaluated to determine their usefulness in identifying the life stages of Xiphinema bakeri. The stages can be identified by length of the body, onchiostylet, and replacement stylet of larvae. These values increase lineally from first-stage larva to adult, and fall into five groups corresponding to the nematodes' four larval stages and adult. Each stage has a specific tail-tip shape, which gradually changes from subacute in the first and second stages to subdigitate in adults. At lower magnifications, the body length and the tail shape, used in combination, are best for identification. First-stage larvae also have the replacement stylet overlapping the stylet extension, distinguishing them from the second stage. Frequently the immature vagina of fourth-stage larvae appears as a clear area in the body; this helps to separate them from the third stage.

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