Postmetamorphic growth rates in a natural population of Fowler's toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Bufo Woodhousei ◽  
Fowler's Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

A population of Fowler's toad (Bufo woodhousei fowleri) living on a golf course in New Haven, Connecticut, was studied for 3 years by the capture–mark–recapture method. Individual growth rates were determined using tibia length, which is isometric with body length, as the measure of size. Growth was rapid, with an average 6.58-fold length increase during the 1st year after metamorphosis. Males began to show secondary sexual characteristics about 1 year after metamorphosis; at this age the cohort began to overlap in body size with the older males. Females grew faster than males, but also reached a larger size, and the body sizes of the maturing female cohort began to overlap with the older females 1 month later than the males. The growth curve for length was inflected, which is predicted by von Bertalanffy's growth model.

Indicators of chemiluminescent and bioluminescent tests of biological liquids in the assessment of physical health

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Derevtsova ◽  
A. A. Romanenko ◽  
O. A. Kolenchukova ◽  
L. V. Stepanova ◽  
V. G. Nikolaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Sex Inversion ◽  
Biological Liquids

The study includes anthropometry of 172 young male, obtained data on the length and body mass, measured the transverse diameters of the shoulders and pelvis, various body types was identified by the J.M. Tanner sexual dimorphism index (andromorphic, mesomorphic, gynecomorphic). The chemiluminescent and bioluminescent study of saliva and blood was conducted in the examined young male. We studied the indicators of the antioxidant defense system under the influence of stress. The antioxidant status of saliva was determined using the H2O2-luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. Data on the activity of NAD (P) -dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes was obtained from a bioluminescent method of research. Young male of andromorphic body type had large overall and transverse body sizes. Indicators of antioxidant protection of saliva and blood in men of adolescence, the body type of the sexual dimorphism index J.M. Tanner was different. The persons of the andromorphic body type differed in terms of chemiluminescence in comparison with the young male of gynecomorphic body type. The results of bioluminescent blood tests suggest a violation of the catabolic and anabolic processes of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in young men of mesomorphic and gynecomorphic body types. Indicators of the system of antioxidant protection of saliva and blood reflect the sexual characteristics of the body of young male and can be used as additional criteria for diagnosing sex inversion and assessing the risk of developing socially attributed diseases.

Parasitism of Odonata by Arrenurus (Acari: Hydrachnidia) larvae in the Lake Świdwie, nature reserve (NW Poland)

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zawal ◽  
Paweł Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nw Poland

AbstractLarvae of a vast majority of water mite species are parasites of aquatic insects. Owing to this, they migrate to new localities, and are able to survive unfavourable environmental conditions. This also concerns species from subgenus Arrenurus s. str., parasites of dragonflies. The detailed analysis of this phenomenon, however, has only been possible in the last several years, since the key to the identification of larvae from genus Arrenurus Dug. was published. In 2010, the parasitism of Arrenurus s. str. larvae on dragonflies in the Lake Świdwie reserve (NW Poland) was analysed. Larvae of 9 species of water mites were recorded on 107 imagines of dragonflies from 8 species. The following were identified as hosts of water mites for the first time: Anax imperator, Libellula quadrimaculata, and Leucorrhinia caudalis. The highest prevalence occurred in the case of: Erythromma najas and Lestes dryas (100%), Coenagrion pulchellum (96.5%), and C. puella (80.0%). Coenagrion pulchellum was infested by 9 species of parasites, C. puella by 6, and Erythromma najas and Lestes dryas by three species. The highest number of host species occurred in the case of Arrenurus maculator (5); followed by A. cuspidator, A. batillifer cf., A. bicuspidator, and A. tetracyphus (3 each); A. papillator, A. tricuspidator, and A. bruzelii (2 each), and A. claviger (1). Differentiation of preferences of particular parasites towards various parts of the host body was observed, probably related to the coevolution of parasites and hosts, and competition between the host species. The body sizes of the parasites suggest that approximately 50% of body size growth of water mites from subgenus Arrenurus s. str. occurs at the stage of parasitic larva.

The Sun Compass of Fowler's Toad, Bufo Woodhousei Fowleri

Behaviour ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hobart F. Landreth ◽  
Denzel E. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Sun Compass ◽  
Bufo Woodhousei ◽  
Fowler's Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

Body growth in one montane population of Sceloporus grammicus (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in Central México

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Méndez-de la Cruz ◽  
Orlando Cuellar ◽  
Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Sceloporus Grammicus ◽  
Region Growth

Abstract We conducted an analysis of the body growth pattern of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus grammicus in one of its montane populations in Central México. We calculated 177 individual growth rates for the period comprised between June 1991 and June 1997. Von Bertalanffy growth model provided the best fit to our data in comparison with logistic models. No intersexual differences were found in the growth pattern. The constructed growth curve estimated an age at maturity of 12 and a half months for females and 14 months for males. In spite of marked seasonality in the region, growth rates were not significantly different between seasons. Our results, together with previous studies on the growth ecology of other populations of S. grammicus, suggest that in the volcanic mountains of Central México body growth, and therefore age and size at maturity, are relatively more limited during the whole year in comparison with populations inhabiting northern or lower-altitude localities.

Growth and age at sexual maturity in common toads (Bufo bufo) from two sites in Southern England

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Reading
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Toad Bufo Bufo

Growth and age at sexual maturity in the common toad, Bufo bufo, were investigated at two sites (Portland, Purbeck) in southern England between 1981 and 1985. The body length of males and females spawning for the first time (sexual age = 0) at these sites varied significantly between years, but this variation disappeared in females with a sexual age greater than 0. Male and female toads breeding for the first time at the Purbeck site were both larger and had higher growth rates than those on Portland. No reliable growth rates were obtained for females with a sexual age greater than 0 at either site. Growth was most rapid in males during the first two years following metamorphosis when 56% (Portland) and 71 % (Purbeck) of the total growth in body length occurred. The body length of newly metamorphosed toads at both sites was approximately 8 mm but increased by mid September to 14 mm on Portland and 19 mm at the Purbeck site. The earliest age at which sexual maturity was reached was 3 years for Portland males and 2 years for Purbeck males. No reliable estimates for the age at sexual maturity were obtained for females.

Consequences of envenomation: red imported fire ants have delayed effects on survival but not growth of native fence lizards

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Langkilde ◽  
Nicole A. Freidenfelds
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Ant Venom ◽  
Body Sizes

Context Aggressive encounters, including those with venomous species, impose selective pressure on native species. Immediate lethal outcomes of these encounters have been the primary focus of research in this field. However, not all aggressive interactions result in immediate mortality, and indirect consequences of aggressive interactions may be an equally important but under-considered selective force. The red imported fire ant is a globally important venomous invader that imposes novel selective pressure on native communities. Aims We examined indirect effects of fire ant envenomation on native fence lizard growth rates and subsequent survival. Methods Fence lizards are subject to fire ant envenomation in the field when they eat fire ants (they are stung inside the mouth) and through fire ant attack (they are stung on the body). We quantified body sizes of adult lizards from fire ant-invaded and uninvaded sites. We then experimentally exposed hatchling fence lizards to the two modes of fire ant envenomation, and quantified their growth and survival over 1 year. Key results Lizards from fire ant-invaded sites were smaller than those from an uninvaded site, even at similar latitudes. However, in contrast to studies on other native taxa, we found no effect of fire ant venom on growth rates of lizards from naïve or fire ant-invaded populations. Lizards exposed to fire ant venom, through both eating and attack, experienced higher rates of delayed mortality, with 34% of lizards dying 1–11 weeks post-envenomation compared with 12% of lizards in the control treatment. These patterns were true for fire ant naïve populations as well as those exposed to fire ants for ~35 generations. Conclusions These results suggest that the smaller body sizes observed in fence lizards from fire ant-invaded sites are not a consequence of exposure to fire ant venom. However, fence lizards from both sites suffer delayed survival costs of fire ant envenomation. Implications The present study highlights the importance of considering indirect fitness consequences of aggressive encounters if we are to fully understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of these interactions, and adequately manage and predict the impacts of invasive species.

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