Sensory basis of homing in the intertidal fish Oligocottus maculosus Girard

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Woo Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Home Site ◽  
Sensory Channel ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
Homing Performance ◽  
Normal Fish ◽  
Blind Fish ◽  
Oligocottus Maculosus

The roles of vision and olfaction in the homing mechanism of Oligocottus maculosus Girard are investigated in this present study. These were tested by studying the homing performance of displaced blind, anosmic, and normal individuals, and the home-site fidelity of replaced individuals. The study was conducted at a rocky beach near Port Renfrew, on the southwest coast of Vancouver Island, throughout 1968, 1969, and 1970. A significant reduction in. home-site fidelity was observed for blind and anosmic fish when compared with normal individuals, while no significant difference in fidelity was observed between them, indicating that both vision and olfaction are important components of home-site fidelity. From displacement experiments, blind fish are found to home belter than anosmic individuals, and on occasions they are equal in homing ability to normal fish. This indicates that vision may not be an important sensory channel in the homing of O. maculosus while olfaction may be. The homing mechanism is briefly discussed.

Field studies of the sensory basis of homing and orientation to the home site in Ulvaria subbifurcata (Pisces: Stichaeidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Goff ◽  
John M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Homing Behaviour ◽  
Home Site ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Homing Performance

The roles of olfaction and vision in the homing behaviour and orientation to a home site in Ulvaria subbifurcata were investigated. These were examined by studying the home-site fidelity and the homing performance of normal, blind, and anosmic fish and the orientation to the home site of normal and sensory-impaired fish. The orientation and homing experiments indicated that olfactory contact with the home site is involved in the steering mechanism in homing. The home-site fidelity of anosmic fish, and the fact that some anosmic fish homed, indicated that vision may also be involved in the recognition of a restricted area around the home site.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

To roam or to home: site fidelity in a tropical coastal shark

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Knip ◽  
Michelle R. Heupel ◽  
Colin A. Simpfendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Home Site

scholarly journals Patterns in the Parathyroid Response to Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion Test in Healthy Volunteers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodossis S. Papavramidis ◽  
Olympia E. Anastasiou ◽  
Ioannis Pliakos ◽  
Nick Michalopoulos ◽  
Mike Polyzonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Infusion Test ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Bicarbonate Infusion ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion

Background. The sodium bicarbonate infusion test evaluates the function of the parathyroid glands. The present study aims to evaluate the range of parathyroid response in healthy individuals and the potential influence of various factors.Methods. Fifty healthy volunteers were subjected to the test. Levels of vitamin D, calcium, albumin, and PTH were measured before infusion. PTH was measured at 3, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after infusion.Results. A curve describing the response of parathyroids to the test was drawn. Twenty percent of the subjects had blunted PTH response. No significant difference was observed between normal and blunted responders concerning age, BMI, baseline PTH, or calcium levels. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference in vitamin D levels (P=0.024).Interpretation. The test is easy to perform and may be used for everyday screening. It has to be clarified whether our observations are, at least partly, produced due to the presence of individuals with a constitutively blunted response or if low levels of vitamin D decrease the ability of the parathyroids to respond. Whichever the case, PTH response of normal individuals to sodium bicarbonate infusion test is more varied than previously thought and vitamin D levels influence it.

Home-site fidelity in migratory honeybees

Nature ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 406 (6795) ◽  
pp. 474-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Neumann ◽  
Nikolaus Koeniger ◽  
Gudrun Koeniger ◽  
Salim Tingek ◽  
Per Kryger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Home Site

INFANTILE SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Meyer A. Perlstein ◽  
Philip N. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Close Agreement ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Selective Population ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spastic Hemiplegia ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mental Defectives

From this study the following conclusions emerge regarding the relation of intelligence of infantile spastic hemiplegics to various factors. The spastic hemiplegics of the present series were retarded approximately 20 I.Q. points below normal individuals. The mean I.Q. scores and the incidence of mental retardation were in close agreement with several early reports. The marked difference from the recent reports of Hohman and others reporting consecutive series of cerebral palsied patients is attributed to the fact that the present study is based upon a selective population. Left and right hemiplegics did not differ significantly either in mean I.Q. scores or in the incidence of mental deficiency. Male and female hemiplegics did not differ significantly, either in mean I.Q. scores or in the incidence of mental deficiency. The mean I.Q. scores of the congenital and acquired cases did not differ significantly nor was there a greater incidence of mental deficiency in either of the 2 groups. Mental deficiency was significantly related to the presence of convulsions in this series of spastic hemiplegics; the mean I.Q. score of the convulsives was significantly lower than that for the nonconvulsives by 12 I.Q. points. There was a significantly greater number of mental defectives below the age of 6 than above that age, although the mean I.Q. scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. When the subjects were grouped into age levels of 1-year intervals, there was no greater incidence of mental deficiency nor did the mean I.Q. scores differ significantly at any year level. The infectious and traumatic groups of acquired etiologies showed no significant difference in mean I.Q. scores. The toxemia of pregnancy group showed approximately the same incidence of mental deficiency and the same mean I.Q. score as the group composed of all other congenital etiologies of spastic hemiplegia.

AMIDOLYTIC DETERMINATION OF ANTI-ACTIVATED PROTEIN C ACTIVITY IN PLASMA

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Nicham ◽  
J L Martinoli
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Type I ◽  
Peptide Substrate ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein C Activity

Anti-activated protein C (anti-APC) potency of plasma was studied using purified bovine activated protein C (Bovine APC) and the chromogenic peptide substrate CBS 65.25. The choice of bovine instead of human APC was justified by a better sensitivity (Km = 0.14 and 0.42 mM respectively). Inhibition was shown to be dramatically enhanced by the presence of Heparin and calcium. No significant difference occurred for pH values up to 8.2 for both inhibition and hydrolysis reactions.In the final test, O.l ml of 1:5 diluted plasma (Tris buffer saline, pH 8.4, containing 5 U/ml of Heparin) were incubated at 37°C with 0.2 ml of Bovine APC (0.125 U/ml). After 10 minutes of inhibition, 0.2 ml of CBS 65.25 (1.5 mM/1) were added to the mixture and the change in absorbance was recorded at 405 nm for 2 minutes. In these conditions linearity of the dose-response curve was ensured from O up to 130 % of activity (normal plasma pool being assigned to 100 %) ; day to day precision was 1.9 %. When a normal plasma was overloaded with different purified inhibitors such as antithrombin III, cl-esterase inactivator, alpha 2 macroglobulin, the measured anti-APC activities were not affected at all. It could be concluded that this test measures protein C inhibitor described by Suzuki.Levels in 23 normal individuals averaged 97.7 %, giving a normal range of 77 - 118 %. Levels were below normal in 6 of 10 patients after surgery (54.1 +/- 4.8 %), in 18 of 19 patients with liver disease (49.5 +/- 9.6 %) and in 4 of 18 coumarin treated patients (54.9 +/- 6.5 %). In 9 of 10 patients previou sly characterized as type I protein C deficient, a statistically significant increase in anti-APC activity was observed (mean 110.7 +/- 7.7 %).The use of a chromogenic peptide substrate has led to a sensitive and fast assay for anti-APC activity in plasma. That could be of interest in clinical investigations and knowledge of regulatory mechanisms in thrombotic disorders.

scholarly journals Influence of mutations and size of multimers in type II von Willebrand disease upon the function of von Willebrand factor

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 3553-3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Christophe ◽  
AS Ribba ◽  
D Baruch ◽  
B Obert ◽  
C Rouault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Platelet Glycoprotein ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Binding Isotherms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Abstract We compared the properties of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) from normal individuals and from two patients with type IIA (Glu875Lys) and type IIB (duplication of Met 540) von Willebrand disease (vWD) with the corresponding fully multimerized recombinant proteins. We included cryosupernatant from normal human plasma and type IIA plasma (Cys509Arg). Functions of vWF were analyzed by binding assays to platelets in the presence of ristocetin or botrocetin. Parameters of binding (number of binding sites per vWF subunit, and dissociation constant Kd) were quantitatively estimated from the binding isotherms of 125I-botrocetin or glycocalicin to vWF, independently of the size of the multimers. We found that ristocetin- or botrocetin-induced binding to platelets was correlated in all cases with the size of vWF multimers. In the absence of inducer, only type IIB rvWF Met-Met540 spontaneously bound to platelets. No significant difference of binding of purified botrocetin to vWF was found between normal and patients' plasma, or between wild-type rvWF (rvWF-WT) and rvWF-Lys875. In contrast, affinity of botrocetin for type IIB rvWF Met-Met540 was decreased. Botrocetin-induced binding of glycocalicin to vWF from all plasma and cryosupernatant was similar. Compared with rvWF-WT, binding of glycocalicin to rvWF-Lys875 was normal. In contrast, the affinity for type IIB rvWF Met-Met540 was 10-fold greater. Thus, our data suggest that, in the patients tested, the abnormal IIA phenotype results from the lack of large-sized multimers and is independent of the point mutations. In contrast, the type IIB mutation is directly involved by providing a conformation to the vWF subunits that allows the high molecular weight multimers to spontaneously interact with platelet glycoprotein Ib.

The effects of age and length on homing performance in the intertidal cottid, Oligocottus maculosus Girard

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Homing Behaviour ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Homing Performance ◽  
Oligocottus Maculosus

The intertidal cottid Oligocottus maculosus Girard has been previously reported to demonstrate homing behaviour, that is, to return to its home range (group of tidepools covered in normal travel) and (or) its home pool (pool of first capture) when transplanted to a pool some distance away. Investigation of significant differences in homing behaviour between the three major age groups of O. maculosus showed an improvement in the percentage successfully homing with length, peaking between 5 and 7 cm (total length) (age 2), with considerable variability in smaller size classes and decreasing homing success in larger fish.Juvenile fish (about 2.3 to 2.7 cm) move extensively between tidepools and begin demonstrating home range fidelity and homing behaviour at about 3 cm. It is suggested that during this period of extensive movement, the area is in some way "learned" and "memorized."

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the CSF of Schizophrenic Patients Before and After Neuroleptic Treatment

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lichtshtein ◽  
J. Dobkin ◽  
R. P. Ebstein ◽  
J. Biederman ◽  
R. Rimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Decline ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Drug Free

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the CSF were measured in 9 normal individuals, 17 drug-free schizophrenic patients and 10 of these same schizophrenic patients after neuroleptic treatment. There was no significant difference between CSF level of GABA in the control group compared to those in schizophrenic patients; however, 6 of the 7 lowest GABA levels were from schizophrenic patients. There was a significant decline of 12 per cent in mean GABA levels in the CSF after a mean of two months of neuroleptic treatment.

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