Origin of trehalose in stress-induced hyperglycaemia in the american cockroach, Periplaneta americana

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Matthews ◽  
R. G. H. Downer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
American Cockroach

The time course of stress-induced hyperglycaemia was determined in adult male Periplaneta americana, and a rapid elevation of haemolymph trehalose concentration is reported. Intracellular fat body trehalose concentrations were measured in the resting insect and found to be equivalent to haemolymph trehalose levels. In active insects, the apparent intracellular fat body trehalose concentration is greater than that of the haemolymph, and is dependent upon the time taken for dissection. The rate of production of trehalose in isolated fat body is equivalent to the rate of appearance of haemolymph trehalose in hyperglycaemia.

Effect of Dehydration and Rehydration on the Water Content and Na+ and K+ Balance in Adult Male Periplaneta Americana

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
LOIS E. TUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Food Reserves

Changes in live weight and in the water, Na+ and K+ content of the tissues and faeces have been examined in adult male Periplaneta americana in various states of hydration. During dehydration the haemolymph volume decreases markedly, but the Na+ and K+ concentrations rise only slightly. Less than 25% of the Na+ removed from the haemolymph during dehydration was found to be excreted, but the K+ excreted during dehydration was in excess of that removed from the haemolymph alone. It seems likely that the major tissue for regulating the haemolymph Na+ during dehydration and rehydration is the fat body, in which dehydration causes an increase, and rehydration a decrease, in the Na:K ratio. The Na+ and K+ content of the fat body was found to be variable in both hydrated and dehydrated animals and absolute changes in the ion content of the tissue could not be estimated because of unknown changes in the amount of food reserves and excretory products.

INHIBITORS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IN THE AMERICAN COCKROACH, PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann D. Anderson ◽  
Ralph B. March
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Organic Insecticides ◽  
Cell Fragments

Carbonic anhydrase activity has been demonstrated in vitro in preparations of the head, fat body, and gut of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and in the adult housefly, Musca domestica L. The insect factor, which is soluble in aqueous media and can be separated from the particulate cell fragments of insect tissue homogenates is heat labile and sensitive to cyanide inactivation. It is strongly inhibited by sulphanilamide, p-aminoethylphenyl-sulphonamide, and p-chlorphenylsulphonamide. No inhibition has been found with N-substituted sulphonamides or with any of the organic insecticides examined, including DDT, lindane, dieldrin, nicotine, rotenone, pyrethrins, and para-oxon. Sensitivity of carbonic anhydrase to sulphonamides having an intact—SO2NH2 group is also characteristic of mammalian preparations. The data indicate that inhibition of insect carbonic anhydrase cannot be an important factor in the mode of action of DDT or other organic insecticides.

scholarly journals Isolation and structure of a novel charged member of the red–pigment-concentrating hormone-adipokinetic hormone family of peptides isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae (Diptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gäde ◽  
H Wilps ◽  
R Kellner
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Adipokinetic Hormone ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Adipokinetic Hormone Family

A hypertrehalosaemic neuropeptide from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae has been isolated by reversed-phase h.p.l.c., and its primary structure was determined by pulsed-liquid phase sequencing employing Edman chemistry after enzymically deblocking the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue. The C-terminus was also blocked, as indicated by the lack of digestion when the peptide was incubated with carboxypeptidase A. The octapeptide has the sequence pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-NH2 and is clearly defined as a novel member of the RPCH/AKH (red-pigment-concentrating hormone/adipokinetic hormone) family of peptides. It is the first charged member of this family to be found. The synthetic peptide causes an increase in the haemolymph carbohydrate concentration in a dose-dependent fashion in blowflies and therefore is named ‘Phormia terraenovae hypertrehalosaemic hormone’ (Pht-HrTH). In addition, receptors in the fat-body of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) recognize the peptide, resulting in carbohydrate elevation in the blood. However, fat-body receptors of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) do not recognize this charged molecule, and thus no lipid mobilization is observed in this species.

Haemolymph octopamine levels during and following flight in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L.

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Bailey ◽  
R. J. Martin ◽  
R. G. H. Downer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
American Cockroach

Haemolymph octopamine levels of adult male cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were monitored using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The octopamine concentration of haemolymph increases rapidly in response to experimental handling and the commencement of flight, with 77 and 123% elevations, respectively, observed within 1 min of initiating these activities. Resting levels are rapidly restored when flight ceases. The results support the suggestion that octopamine mediates a generalized sympathetic-like response to excitation.

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