Seawater adaptation independent of photoperiod in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry H. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Seawater Adaptation ◽  
Immediate Transition

As evidenced by immediate-transition experiments, seawater adaptation in juvenile steelhead trout was independent of photoperiod and the onset of parr–smolt transformation. Increased survival occurred as the fish grew larger, and euryhalinity was reached at 12 to 13 cm. There was no marked regression in the hypoosmoregulatory mechanism in the summer. The regression reported in earlier studies was discussed in terms of seasonal changes in lipid reserves and Na+- and K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in gill microsomes.

FACTORS INFLUENCING SEASONAL CHANGES IN THYROID ACTIVITY IN JUVENILE STEELHEAD TROUT, SALMO GAIRDNERI

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tall Cell

Seasonal changes in thyroid cell height and radioiodide indices of thyroid activity (CR and T/S) were measured in yearling and 2-year-old steelhead trout held in freshwater. Cell height was high in yearlings in mid-June and in 2-year-olds in late April and May at parr–smolt transformation; in both it was low in late summer and moderately high in winter. CR and T/S were high both at parr–smolt transformation and in late summer, but were low in winter. Only at parr–smolt transformation did cell height and radioiodide indices agree.Two-year-old potential smolts were held from January to May under four controlled temperature and photoperiod regimes. These experiments revealed that at parr–smolt transformation, both rising temperature and lengthening photoperiod induced the characteristically high CR and T/S values, but that the tall cell height depended on the lengthening photoperiod. Cell height and T/S were measured in yearlings (non-migrants) subjected to similar regimes at the same season. T/S was uninfluenced by photoperiod but responded to rising temperature. Cell height responses were more complex and indicated involvement of other variables.In September, small yearlings possessed significantly higher T/S and CR values than did large yearlings. A relationship between thyroid function and body weight could explain seasonal changes not attributable to temperature or photoperiod.

Advanced Photoperiod and Water Temperature Effects on Gill Na+–K+ Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity and Migration of Juvenile Steelhead (Salmo gairdneri)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Zaugg
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Migratory Season ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migratory Movements

Under raceway conditions, an advanced photoperiod schedule caused migratory movements and elevation in gill Na+–K+ adenosine triphosphatase activity (Na+–K+ ATPase) to occur about 1 mo earlier than normal in yearling summer steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (Idaho). Exposure of migrants to 13 °C for 20 d resulted in serious impairment of continued migratory behavior and a reduction of gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity. Migrants outnumbered nonmigrants at fork lengths of 16 cm and longer. It is proposed that the potentially detrimental effects of warming river temperatures during the normal migratory season and delayed migration caused by dams and impoundments might be partially overcome by inducing early smolt transformation and migration with the use of advanced photoperiods.Key words: ATPase, steelhead, migration, temperature, photoperiod, smolts

Changes in Gill Adenosinetriphosphatase Activity Associated with Parr–Smolt Transformation in Steelhead Trout, Coho, and Spring Chinook Salmon

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Zaugg ◽  
L. R. McLain
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Transport Atpase

The average Na+- and K+-stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity of microsomes from gills of hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) increased from about 12 μmoles ATP hydrolyzed/mg protein per hr during February through mid-April to approximately 24 in mid-May. Larger fish developed higher activities than smaller fish. Hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) exhibited a similar increase 2–3 weeks earlier.In 2-year-old hatchery-reared steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), Na+-, K+-ATPase activities were elevated in some, but not all, smolt-appearing animals. Parr-appearing fish, including maturing males, showed no activity increase. When held in fresh water to July, steelhead smolts lost their silvery color and became more parr-like in appearance, and the previously elevated ATPase activity decreased to near pre-smolt levels. Yearling steelhead held at the laboratory showed a more consistent rise in ATPase activity.The increase in transport ATPase (Na+-, K+-stimulated) activity occurring during parr–smolt transformation is probably a preparatory step for saltwater adaption and may also be closely associated with migratory disposition.L'activité moyenne de l'adénosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) stimulée par Na+ et K+ dans les microsomes des branchies de saumons coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) élevés en pisciculture augmente de 12 μmoles environ d'ATPase hydrolysée/mg de protéine par h de février à la mi-avril à 24 à la mi-mai. Les gros poissons développent une activité plus grande que les petits. Les saumons chinook de printemps (O. tshawytscha) élevés en pisciculture font preuve d'un accroissement semblable deux à trois semaines avant les saumons coho.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

scholarly journals No major thermogenic role for (Na+ + K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase apparent in hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Clark ◽  
M Brinkman ◽  
O H Filsell ◽  
S J Lewis ◽  
M N Berry
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Liver Parenchymal ◽  
Dependent Atpase ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Isolated Liver

(Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase activity, heat production and oxygen consumption were increased by 59%, 62% and 75% respectively in hepatocytes from tri-iodothyronine-treated rats. Ouabain at concentrations of 1 and 10 mM decreased oxygen uptake by 2-8% in hepatocytes from euthyroid rats and by 5-15% in hepatocytes from hyperthyroid animals. Heat output was decreased by 4-9% with the glycoside in isolated liver parenchymal cells from the control animals and by 11% in the cells from the tri-iodothyronine-treated animals. These results do not support the hypothesis that hepatic (Na+ + K+)-ATPase plays a major role in increased heat production in hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats.

The regulation of day–night changes in hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity in the pineal gland of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Smith ◽  
Lavern J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Methyltransferase Activity ◽  
Surgical Exposure

Elevation in pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT; EC 2.1.1.4) activity in juvenile steelhead trout was associated with the dark portions of three different photoperiods with a sharp increase in pineal HIOMT activity occurring in the first 4 h of darkness. This pattern of activity could be abolished by bilateral enucleation but not by surgical capping of the pineal region. Surgical exposure of the pineal region in blinded fish did not restore HIOMT responses to changes in lighting.

Movements of Rainbow Steelhead Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) in Lake Ontario and a Hypothesis for the Influence of Spring Thermal Structure

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Haynes ◽  
David C. Nettles ◽  
Kevin M. Parnell ◽  
Michael P. Voiland ◽  
Robert A. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout
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