Behavioral thermoregulation in the pika Ochotona princeps: a field study using radiotelemetry

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
Lawrence C. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Maximum Fluctuation

When either the level or duration of spontaneous activity is increased over an ambient temperature range of 2–28C, the body temperature of the pika shows a slight increase; the maximum fluctuation observed was 1.0C. However, none of the changes in body temperature proved to be significantly different from that of the resting state (P < 0.05).In nature, pikas avoid hyperthermia by means of precise behavioral thermoregulation in which both duration and level of activity are regulated. A negative correlation was observed between the duration of lime spent on the surface of the rocks, and the surface ambient temperature, over a range of 3–27C. Between 0930 and 1930 h, as the surface ambient temperature increased, the percentage of observations in which the pika was below the rocks increased, and vice versa. By engaging in short bursts of surface activity (usually less than a 3.5-min duration) followed by retreat to the cooler microclimate beneath the rocks, pikas are able to regulate their body temperature precisely at a level only 2–3C below the upper lethal temperature.

scholarly journals 172 Feed intake level and ambient temperature affect the body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
A Morales Trejo ◽  
D Antoine ◽  
A Valle-Fimbres ◽  
H Bernal Barragán ◽  
L Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intake Level

scholarly journals 262 Heat stress alleviation and dynamic temperature measurement for growing beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Sheyenne M Augenstein ◽  
Meredith A Harrison ◽  
Sarah C Klopatek ◽  
James W Oltjen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Sprinkler Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Heat stress continues to be a challenge for feedlot producers, forcing physiological adaptations in beef cattle that can have a negative impact on gain and carcass quality. Feedlots may want to incorporate systems that aid in mitigating heat stress, including sprinkler systems, which are commonly found on dairies. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of sprinkler systems on the body temperature of growing feedlot steers applied at three different temperature thresholds. Thirty-two Angus-cross beef steers (298 ± 15 SD days of age) were randomly assigned to 8 pens. Treatments were assigned to pens according to location to avoid drainage issues, with one replicate located on the eastern side of the feedlot and the other replicate located on the western side. Treatments including no sprinklers (C), high temperature threshold sprinklers (HT), moderate temperature threshold sprinklers (MT) or low temperature threshold sprinklers (LT). Sprinklers (flow rate: 5.11 L/min) were activated at 33°C (HT), 28°C (MT), and 23°C (LT) for five minutes at corresponding temperatures every thirty minutes for 57 days. Rectal temperature of steers in their pens was measured in the morning (0800 h), afternoon (1500 h), and evening (1900 h) three days each week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for a total of 19 experimental days. Weather measurements, including ambient temperature, windspeed, humidity and solar radiation were recorded at each measurement time along with the maximum values for each day. The change in body temperature (ΔBT) between the morning and afternoon was affected by ambient temperature (P &lt; 0.01); MT (P = 0.02) and LT (P = 0.02) – different than C. There was no significant difference between sprinkler treatments and the control group (P &gt; 0.05). Day affected (ΔBT) between the morning and afternoon (P &lt; 0.05) and the afternoon and evening (P &lt; 0.05). When averaged by day, the control group was significantly higher than MT (P = 0.04) between the morning and afternoon. The control group was also significantly higher than LT between the morning and afternoon (P = 0.03) and the afternoon and evening (P &lt; 0.01). The change in steer body temperature between afternoon and morning was affected by ambient temperature, and averaged across days, lowering the temperature threshold for sprinkling decreased in the afternoon and evening body temperature increase in steers.

Ambient temperature modulates hypoxic-induced changes in rat body temperature and activity differentially

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. R1190-R1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bishop ◽  
G. Silva ◽  
J. Krasney ◽  
H. Nakano ◽  
A. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Subsequent Rise ◽  
The Brain

When rats, acclimated to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 29°C, are exposed to 10% O2 for 63 h, the circadian rhythms of body temperature (Tb) and level of activity (La) are abolished, Tb falls to a hypothermic nadir followed by a climb to a hyperthermic peak, Laremains depressed (Bishop B, Silva G, Krasney J, Salloum A, Roberts A, Nakano H, Shucard D, Rifkin D, and Farkas G. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 279: R1378–R1389, 2000), and overt brain pathology is detected (Krasney JA, Farkas G, Shucard DW, Salloum AC, Silva G, Roberts A, Rifkin D, Bishop B, and Rubio A. Soc Neurosci Abstr 25: 581, 1999). To determine the role of Ta in these hypoxic-induced responses, Tb and La data were detected by telemetry every 15 min for 48 h on air, followed by 63 h on 10% O2 from rats acclimated to 25 or 21°C. Magnitudes and rates of decline in Tb after onset of hypoxia were inversely proportional to Ta, whereas magnitudes and rates of Tb climb after the hypothermic nadir were directly proportional to Ta. No hyperthermia, so prominent at 29°C, occurred at 25 or 21°C. The hypoxic depression of La was least at 21°C and persisted throughout the hypoxia. In contrast, Ta was a strong determinant of the magnitudes and time courses of the initial fall and subsequent rise in Tb. We propose that the absence of hyperthermia at 21 and 25°C as well as a persisting hypothermia may protect the brain from overt pathology.

Thermal relations of the malle fragon Amphibolurus fordi (Lacertilia : Agamidae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Cogger
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Field Study ◽  
New South ◽  
Close Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Relations

A field study of the thermal relationships of the small agamid lizard A. fordi has been carried out in two areas of mallee in central western New South Wales, where this lizard occurs only in close association with the grass Triodia scariosa. The body temperatures characteristic of various phases in this lizard's die1 cycle have been determined. The behavioural techniques employed to regulate temperature are described; they are similar to those used by a wide range of diurnal heliothermic lizards in other regions. The total effect of these thermoregulatory responses is to maintain an internal thermal environ- ment approaching homoiothermy while the lizard is active. For A. fordi the eccritic body temperature determined from animals in the field is 36.9+-0.16C. Lowering of activity thermal levels occurs in winter, and can be induced at any time by even mild starvation.

Monotreme Cell-Cycles and the Evolution of Homeothermy

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Watson ◽  
JAM Graves
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
High And Low Temperatures

We have studied the effects of temperature on the phases of the cell cycle in cells derived from the monotreme mammals, platypus and echidna, which have the unusually low body temperature of 32�C. We report here that M phase and the cycle time conform to expectations, but in the case of cycle time this is due to different effects of high and low temperatures on GI, G2 and S phases. The finding that the G2 and S phases apparently have an inverse linear relationship with temperature up to 37�C (the upper lethal temperature) suggests that the low body temperature of the monotremes is not primitive, but rather has been the result of a lowering of the body temperature during their evolutionary history.

scholarly journals Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 171359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teague O'Mara ◽  
Sebastian Rikker ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
Andries Ter Maat ◽  
Henry S. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Molossus Molossus

Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats ( Molossus molossus ) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature . Molossus molossus enter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.

Body temperature and standard metabolic rate of the female viviparous lizard Eremias multiocellata during reproduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yue ◽  
Xiao-Long Tang ◽  
De-Jiu Zhang ◽  
Xue-Feng Yan ◽  
Ying Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Eremias Multiocellata

The body temperature (Tb) and standard metabolic rate (SMR) of female Eremias multiocellata Günther, 1872, a viviparous lizard, were measured at 25, 30, and 35 °C during pregnancy and after parturition to assess energy requirement of reproduction. The results showed that the Tbs of female lizards were slightly higher than actual ambient temperature in the 25 and 30 °C groups, while they were slightly lower than ambient temperature in the 35 °C group. Ambient temperature significantly affected SMR and gestation period of females. Energy requirement was constant in nonpregnant females, whereas it was increased in pregnant females. The maximal estimates of maintenance costs of pregnancy (MCP) were 4.219, 4.220, and 4.448 mg CO2·min–1, which accounted for 19.40%, 14.15%, and 12.32% of the total metabolic rate in the 25, 30, and 35 °C group, respectively. The results indicated the MCP was an important component of total energy cost for the lizard E. multiocellata and the MCP in this lizard incurs a relative fixed energetic cost irrespective of ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Field-based body temperatures reveal behavioral thermoregulation strategies of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab Minuca pugnax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244458
Author(s):  
Sarah Hews ◽  
Zahkeyah Allen ◽  
Adrienne Baxter ◽  
Jacquline Rich ◽  
Zahida Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Intertidal Crab ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Difference

Behavioral thermoregulation is an important defense against the negative impacts of climate change for ectotherms. In this study we examined the use of burrows by a common intertidal crab, Minuca pugnax, to control body temperature. To understand how body temperatures respond to changes in the surface temperature and explore how efficiently crabs exploit the cooling potential of burrows to thermoregulate, we measured body, surface, and burrow temperatures during low tide on Sapelo Island, GA in March, May, August, and September of 2019. We found that an increase in 1°C in the surface temperature led to a 0.70-0.71°C increase in body temperature for females and an increase in 0.75-0.77°C in body temperature for males. Body temperatures of small females were 0.3°C warmer than large females for the same surface temperature. Female crabs used burrows more efficiently for thermoregulation compared to the males. Specifically, an increase of 1°C in the cooling capacity (the difference between the burrow temperature and the surface temperature) led to an increase of 0.42-0.50°C for females and 0.34-0.35°C for males in the thermoregulation capacity (the difference between body temperature and surface temperature). The body temperature that crabs began to use burrows to thermoregulate was estimated to be around 24°C, which is far below the critical body temperatures that could lead to death. Many crabs experience body temperatures of 24°C early in the reproductive season, several months before the hottest days of the year. Because the use of burrows involves fitness trade-offs, these results suggest that warming temperatures could begin to impact crabs far earlier in the year than expected.

scholarly journals Data on the body temperature of some ophidians in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Emma Quirosa
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Natrix Maura

La biología térmica es uno de los aspectos más necesarios para entender la distribución y los patrones de actividad de las especies, sobretodo de los organismos ectotermos. El presente estudio aporta información sobre temperatura corporal de seis ofidios ibéricos y temperatura ambiental para el lugar donde habitan. Para tres de las especies, Coronella girondica (Daudin 1803), Macroprotodon brevis (Günter 1862) y Hemorrhois hip­pocrepis (Linnaeus 1758), estos son los primeros datos publicados en España. En el caso de Natrix maura (Linnaeus 1758) los datos de este estudio incluyen temperatura tanto en medio acuático como en medio terrestre. En total se han obtenido 31 registros de temperatura corporal y 30 registros de temperatura ambiente. También se aportan datos sobre temperatura corporal y ambiental de Malpolon monspessulanus (Hermann 1804) y Zamenis scalaris (Schinz 1822). Thermal biology is one of the most necessary aspects in understanding the distribution and activity patterns of species, above all of ectothermal organisms. The present study provides data on body temperature of six Iberian ophidians and the environmental temperature of the place they inhabit. For three species, southern smooth snake Coronella girondica (Daudin 1803), western false smooth snake Macroprotodon brevis (Günter 1862), and horse-shoe snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis (Linnaeus 1758), these are the first data published in Spain. In the case of Natrix maura (Linnaeus 1758), the present data include its temperature on land as well as in aquatic environments. In total, 31 body temperature records and 30 ambient temperature records were obtained. Additionally, data is given on body and environmental temperature for the ophidian species Malpolon monspessulanus (Hermann 1804) and Zamenis scalaris (Schinz 1822).

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