Analysis of feeding behavior in the newt Notophthalmus viridescens

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Martin ◽  
Nancy B. Witherspoon ◽  
Miles H. A. Keenleyside
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
Tactile Cues

Feeding behavior of newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) was studied by comparing the responses of individual animals to visual, chemical, and tactile cues from mosquito larvae. Feeding responses were most strongly stimulated by visual cues; less so by chemical and tactile cues in that order.

Perceptual and cognitive determinants of tactile disgust

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2705-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supreet Saluja ◽  
Richard J Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Cognitive Determinants

Tactile cues are said to be potent elicitors of disgust and reliable markers of disease. Despite this, no previous study had explored what the full range of tactile properties are that cue disgust, nor how interpretation of these sensations influences disgust. To answer these questions, participants were asked to touch nine objects, selected to cover the range of tactile properties, and evaluate their sensory, affective, and risk-based characteristics (primarily how sick they thought the object would make them). Object contact was manipulated in four ways, with participants randomly allocated to corresponding groups—one that could see the objects (i.e., the control) and three that could not (i.e., the blind groups). To manipulate disease risk interpretation of the objects, labelling was used on the blind groups, with one receiving Disgust-Labels, one True-Labels and one no labels. Disgust was strongly associated with sticky and wet textures, and moderately with viscous, cold, and lumpy textures, suggesting adherence-to-skin may predict disgust. The participants in the disgust-labelled condition had the highest disgust ratings, and this was mediated by their increased sickness belief and fear of the objects. Object identification was poor when labels or visual cues were absent. Our findings suggest that tactile disgust may reflect a bottom-up sensory component—skin adhesion—moderated by judgements of disease-related threat.

Differential use of visual and chemical cues in predator recognition and threat-sensitive predator-avoidance responses by larval newts (Notophthalmus viridescens)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1646-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Mathis ◽  
Frank Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Poison Glands

For prey under the threat of predation, the ability to distinguish between different levels of danger can have important fitness consequences. Larval central newts, Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis, distinguished between predatory (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum larvae) and nonpredatory (Hyla chrysoscelis/versicolor complex tadpoles) heterospecifics, but only when chemical cues were available. When only visual cues were present, larvae responded to both predatory and nonpredatory stimuli by reducing activity (fright response), but did not distinguish between the two types. Fine-scale discrimination of visual stimuli may have failed to develop because larval newts typically live in aquatic habitats in which chemical cues may be more reliable than visual cues, owing to large amounts of sediments and vegetation or possibly to myopia. Late-stage newt larvae that were approaching metamorphosis were unpalatable to A. t. tigrinum, and histological examination of the skin revealed that granular (poison) glands were present in the skin of late-stage but not early-stage larvae. Late-stage larvae did not distinguish between chemical stimuli from predators and nonpredators, which suggests that fright responses of larval newts are plastic and can be modified according to the level of perceived threat.

Shelter preference in the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish)

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (15) ◽  
pp. 1913-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Takahashi ◽  
Toshiki Nagayama
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
Marbled Crayfish ◽  
Measured Preference

For many animals, shelters are valuable source to hide from predators. To know acquisition of adequate shelter is important to understand social interactions of animals. Preferences for types of shelter used by the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish) were analysed behaviourally. Individual crayfish were presented with a choice between two PVC pipes with four different internal diameters (XL, L, M and S). The time spent in each shelter and the number of times crayfish entered each shelter were measured. Preference ranks of crayfish were XL = L = or > M > S. Our experiments strongly suggested that crayfish chose shelters based first on the diameter of the entrance, and then based on the length of the shelter. Crayfish recognised adequate shelters by visual cues under light conditions and utilised tactile cues from their antennae under dark conditions.

scholarly journals Stream grazers determine their crawling direction on the basis of chemical and visual/tactile microalgal cues

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Katano ◽  
Hideyuki Doi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Chemical Cue ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study aimed to determine the association of herbivore behavior with cues from producers. We used stream grazer Glossosoma larvae and determined their crawling direction in relation to the chemical and visual cues from microalgae. The experimental treatments included control (no cue), particulate (chemical and visual/tactile cues), and dissolved (chemical cue) cues from microalgae. The experimental water samples were randomly placed into either arms of a Y-shaped channel, and the crawling direction of the grazers was determined. Although the grazers crawled toward the arm containing either particulate or dissolved cues, they preferred the arm with particulate cues. This suggested that grazers responded well when both visual/tactile (i.e., drifting algal cells) and chemical cues (algal smell) were present, and that visual/tactile cues were more important for foraging. In natural habitats, grazers detect cues from both producers and predators and use them to maximize fitness by avoiding predation and obtaining food.

The Integration of Tactile and Visual Cues Increases Golf Putting Error in a Mixed-Reality Paradigm.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Elisabeth Naylor ◽  
David Harris ◽  
Samuel James Vine ◽  
Jack Brookes ◽  
Faisal Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Lateral Error

The integration of visual and tactile cues can enhance perception. However, the nature of this integration, and the subsequent benefits on perception and action execution, are context-dependent. Here, we examined how visual-tactile integration can influence performance on a complex motor task using virtual reality. We asked participants to wear a VR head-mounted display while using a tracked physical putter to make golf putts on a VR golf course in two conditions. In the ‘tactile’ condition, putter contact with the virtual golf ball coincided with physical contact with a physical ball. In a second ‘no tactile’ condition, no physical ball was present, such that only the virtual ball contacted the putter. In contrast to our pre-registered prediction that performance would benefit from the integration of visual and tactile cues, we found golf putting accuracy was higher in the no tactile condition compared to the tactile condition. Participants exhibited higher lateral error variance and over/undershooting when the physical ball was present. These differences in performance between the conditions suggest that tactile cues, when available, were integrated with visual cues. Second, this integration is not necessarily beneficial to performance. We suggest that the decreased performance caused by the addition of a physical ball may have been due to minor incongruencies between the virtual visual cues and the physical tactile cues. We discuss the implications of these results on the use of VR sports training and highlight that the absence of matched tactile cues in VR can result in sub-optimal learning and performance.

Feeding Behavior of Aquatic Insects: Case Studies on Black Fly and Mosquito Larvae

1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Merritt ◽  
Douglas A. Craig ◽  
Roger S. Wotton ◽  
Edward D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Black Fly

Multisensory Effects on Illusory Self-Motion (Vection): the Role of Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Cues

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Brandy Murovec ◽  
Julia Spaniol ◽  
Jennifer L. Campos ◽  
Behrang Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Visual Phenomenon ◽  
Sensory Cue ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Multisensory Cues ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Self Motion

Abstract A critical component to many immersive experiences in virtual reality (VR) is vection, defined as the illusion of self-motion. Traditionally, vection has been described as a visual phenomenon, but more recent research suggests that vection can be influenced by a variety of senses. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of multisensory cues on vection by manipulating the availability of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli in a VR setting. To achieve this, 24 adults (Mage = 25.04) were presented with a rotating stimulus aimed to induce circular vection. All participants completed trials that included a single sensory cue, a combination of two cues, or all three cues presented together. The size of the field of view (FOV) was manipulated across four levels (no-visuals, small, medium, full). Participants rated vection intensity and duration verbally after each trial. Results showed that all three sensory cues induced vection when presented in isolation, with visual cues eliciting the highest intensity and longest duration. The presence of auditory and tactile cues further increased vection intensity and duration compared to conditions where these cues were not presented. These findings support the idea that vection can be induced via multiple types of sensory inputs and can be intensified when multiple sensory inputs are combined.

scholarly journals Stream grazers determine their crawling direction on the basis of chemical and visual/tactile microalgal cues

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Katano ◽  
Hideyuki Doi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Chemical Cue ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study aimed to determine the association of herbivore behavior with cues from producers. We used stream grazer Glossosoma larvae and determined their crawling direction in relation to the chemical and visual cues from microalgae. The experimental treatments included control (no cue), particulate (chemical and visual/tactile cues), and dissolved (chemical cue) cues from microalgae. The experimental water samples were randomly placed into either arms of a Y-shaped channel, and the crawling direction of the grazers was determined. Although the grazers crawled toward the arm containing either particulate or dissolved cues, they preferred the arm with particulate cues. This suggested that grazers responded well when both visual/tactile (i.e., drifting algal cells) and chemical cues (algal smell) were present, and that visual/tactile cues were more important for foraging. In natural habitats, grazers detect cues from both producers and predators and use them to maximize fitness by avoiding predation and obtaining food.

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