The life cycle of Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 (Cestoidea: Caryophyllidea)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight R. Mudry ◽  
Hisao P. Arai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Experimental Infections

The life cycle of Hunterella nodulosa Mackiewicz and McCrae, 1962 is described. Eggs contain oncospheres after 15–16 days at 20 °C. The pattern of growth in size and organ development of procercoids in experimentally infected Limnodrilus udekemianus is described. Catostomus commersoni was successfully infected with procercoids from experimental infections, and development of adults was followed for 50 days. The pattern of growth in size and organ development for adult H. nodulosa is illustrated.

THE DESCRIPTION AND LIFE CYCLE OF MARITREMA LARICOLA SP. N. (TREMATODA: MICROPHALLIDAE)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Lei Ching
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Hemigrapsus Oregonensis ◽  
Larus Glaucescens

Maritrema laricola sp. n. from the intestine of the glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens, differs from other species in the genus in having an elongate body, small cirrus sac, and short, curved cirrus. The life cycle of the species was followed from sporocyst stage in Littorina scutulata and Littorina sitchana, to the metacercarial stage in Hemigrapsus oregonensis and H. nudus, and to the adult in natural and experimental hosts. In experimental infections of H. oregonensis, the cercariae penetrate and develop in the gills after which they migrate to the haemocoel of the crab and encyst. The metacercariae are fully developed in from 6 to 9 weeks, and similar in size and morphology to natural infections in crabs. Excystment of the metacercariae occurs in the following cultures at 40 °C: 3% pepsin plus 1% HCl, 0.85% saline, and seawater diluted 1:4. Metacercariae live for about 3 days in diluted seawater but do not produce eggs in any of the cultures. Only immature worms were recovered from mice and newly hatched chicks when they were fed the metacercariae, but mature worms were found in natural and experimental infections of the glaucous-winged gull. In a review of the genus Maritrema, the following transfers are made: Maritrema uca Sarkisian, 1957 to the genus Mecynophallus Cable, Connor, and Balling, 1960, and Maritreminoides raminellae Dery, 1958 to Pseudospelotrema Yamaguti, 1939.

THE LIFE CYCLE OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS: I. THE INTESTINAL PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Shanta ◽  
E. Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Experimental Infections

In experimental infections in mice, Trichinella spiralis larvae in the intestines molted twice before reaching sexual maturity. In both sexes, the first molt occurred between 12 and 16 hours post infection; in males, the second molt occurred between 24 and 32 hours, and in females, between 22 and 30 hours. The females were inseminated after the 36th hour post infection, but some males had spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles before the completion of the second molt. Structures, believed to be amphids, were observed after 2 hours post infection; they increased in size up to the 6th hour, after which they regressed and finally disappeared. The function of these amphids is believed to be related to osmoregulation.

Some remarks on the occurrence and development of philometrid nematodes infecting the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni Lacépède (Pisces: Catostomidae), in Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
K. Molnar ◽  
G. L. Chan ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Laurel Creek

During a study on the parasitofauna of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in Laurel Creek, Ontario, three philometrid nematodes were found. Gravid and subgravid females completing the life cycle occurred very infrequently (Philometroides huronensis: 4.3%, Philometroides nodulosa: 1.6%, Philometra kobuleji: 1.1%). In comparison, males and retarded females infected the eyeball and the peritoneum around the swim bladder very often (43.1 and 31.6% in total, respectively). Less frequently, developmental stages were found in the abdominal cavity. Specimens found in the eyeball were identified as belonging to P. nodulosa, while the swim bladder forms could belong to P. huronensis or to P. kobuleji. The eyeball and the peritoneum around the swim bladder are regarded as refuges for retarded forms, where they can survive for more than a year. No evidence was found of a direct cause of retardation.

The life-cycle of Echinoparyphium serratum sp.nov. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Bile Composition ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Experimental Infections

Echinoparyphium serratum sp.nov., with 37 collar spines, is described from experimentally infected ducklings and chickens. It appears to be most closely related to E. aconiatum but differs from it in having smaller eggs, fewer tegument spines, almost confluent vitellaria in the post-testicular region, and the inner margin of the ventral sucker is serrated. The natural host is unknown but thought to be a bird.Bile composition may account for the markedly different recovery percentages of adult worms from the two experimental hosts.Miracidia hatch between 9 and 11 days at 22 °C. Experimental infections of snails with miracidia have not been obtained.Rediae occur naturally in Isidorella brazieri Smith, and free-swimming cercariae encyst in the pericardium of the same species of snail.This latter part of the life-cycle is based on strong circumstantial evidence. A few cysts were occasionally found in the pericardium of Lenameria sp. but the enclosed metacercariae were dead.The cercaria can be distinguished from Cercaria echinata, the cercaria of E. aconiatum, and C. equispinosa in having cystogenous gland cells containing granular material only, and the inner margin of the ventral sucker serrated.I would like to record my sincere thanks to Professor J. D. Smyth for his advice, and comments on the manuscript.

The life cycle of Haplorchis pumilio (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Indian region

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Umadevi ◽  
R. Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indian Region ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Haplorchis Pumilio ◽  
Thiara Tuberculata

AbstractThe life cycle of the heterophyid fluke, Haplorchis pumilio is elucidated for the first time from the Indian region. Various stages in the life cycle were established based on observations made on natural infections found in snails and fish in a freshwater stream at Visakhapatnam, India and experimental infections carried out in the laboratory. The thiarid snail, Thiara tuberculata served as the first intermediate host and a wide range of freshwater fish as second intermediate hosts. Natural infections with adult flukes were found in the piscivorous birds Ardeola grayii and Bubulcus ibis. Adults were raised experimentally in day-old chicks. Distinguishing features of the cercaria of H. pumilio are: a large body size (200–224×92–96 μm), body–tail ratio of 1:2.1 and densely distributed pigment granules in the parenchyma imparting a brownish tinge to the body. Natural infections with metacercariae were found in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus, C. orientalis, Puntius sophore, Gambusia affinis and fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio and Liza macrolepis. Additionally, experimental infections were established in Therapon jarbua, Esomus danricus and Oreochromis mossambica. Metacercariae were embedded in the caudal muscles of fish and heavy infections induced mortality. Metacercariae were infective at about 15 days of age.

On the Development, in Culicoides furens Poey, of Filaria (= Mansonella) ozzardi Manson, 1897

1934 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. C. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Advanced Stages

1. The life-cycle of Filaria ozzardi was studied in St. Vincent, B.W.I.2. Culicoides furens Poey, a common sandfly in Calliaqua, where a 37·7% human infection was found, was used in the experimental infections.3. Two hundred sand-flies, collected at Calliaqua, were given an infective feed of blood of F. ozzardi carriers. Of these flies, fifty-five, i.e., 27·5%, were subsequently found to be infected with developing stages of the parasite. The ingested microfilariae migrated within 24 hours to the thorax, where the entire morphological development takes place. In flies which were kept alive for seven or eight days, advanced stages were found in the thorax and head, and their emergence from the proboscis was induced by slight pressure on the head.4. The development in the sandfly consists of a metamorphosis from the 1st stage or “sausage” larva to a 2nd stage larva during the first 3 to 4 days, and from this stage to a 3rd stage or infective larva on the fifth or sixth day. Two ecdyses occur during these metamorphoses, which are discussed in relation to the other human filarial parasites.5. Five per cent. of C. furens caught at Calliaqua were found to be naturally infected with developing larvae, apparently F. ozzardi.6. The possibility that C. paraensis, another species in Calliaqua, may also act as a vector, is not excluded.

THE LIFE CYCLE OF APANTELES CARPATUS (SAY) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH, TINEOLA BISSELLIELLA HUM.

1942 ◽  
Vol 20d (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Murray Fallis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fecal Pellets ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Parasite Larva ◽  
Tineola Bisselliella

This parasite has been reared from larvae of the webbing clothes moth obtained from different localities as well as experimentally. All parasites obtained by natural and experimental infections were females. Oviposition occurred and parasites developed in host larvae weighing 1.6 to 6.8 mg. The parasites oviposited more readily in a host enclosed in a case, especially if the case contained fecal pellets of the host. Eggs were deposited in various parts of the host. A single parasite developed to maturity even though several eggs may have been deposited in the host, each by a separate "thrust" of the ovipositor. Morphological features of the larvae are illustrated. The rate of development varied even at constant temperature. The average length of the life cycle at 27 °C. was 26 days but at 20 °C. it required several months. Experiments were carried out to determine the factors responsible for the variation in the rate of development. The parasite larva, upon emerging from the host, usually spins a white, silken cocoon, although metamorphosis was sometimes completed even though no cocoon was produced.

On the life cycle of Diorchis bulbodes Mayhew, 1929 (Cyclophylhdea: Hymenolepididae), a parasite of waterfowl (Anseriformes: Anatidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Greaves ◽  
M. D. B. Burt ◽  
W. Pilgrim
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Aix Sponsa ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Cypridopsis Vidua ◽  
Wood Duck

During a survey of parasites of waterfowl, collected in New Brunswick during the hunting seasons of 1987 and 1988, the small intestine of one male wood duck, Aix sponsa, was found to contain 32 specimens of the cestode Diorchis bulbodes. After several repeated experimental infections of various crustaceans, full development of a tailed cysticercoid occurred in the ostracod Cypridopsis vidua.

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