Axon pathways of the intermediate neurosecretory cells in Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Culiseta Inornata ◽  
The Brain

The axons of the intermediate neurosecretory cells in the brain of Culex tarsalis Coquillett larvae cross over in the pars intercerebralis, pass ventrolaterally through the protocerebrum, and then pass through the circumoesophageal connectives and the ventral nerve chain as far as the eighth abdominal ganglion. These axons possess branches in the region of juncture of the proto- and deuto-cerebrum, and in the suboesophageal, thoracic, and eighth abdominal ganglia; no branches were visible in the tritocerebrum or abdominal ganglia 1 to 7. The branches appear to terminate within the ganglia, usually near the neuropile boundary. The large ventral neurosecretory axons described in larvae of Culiseta inornata (Williston) by L. Burgess in 1971 are probably the axons of the intermediate neurosecretory cells of that mosquito.

scholarly journals LABORATORY TRANSMISSION OF WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS BY MOSQUITOES OF THE GENERA CULEX AND CULISETA

1943 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McD. Hammon ◽  
W. C. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Culiseta Inornata ◽  
Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Culex Stigmatosoma ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Culiseta Incidens

1. Western equine virus has been successfully transmitted in the laboratory by 3 species of mosquitoes from 2 genera not previously reported as laboratory vectors: Culex tarsalis, Culiseta inornata, and Culiseta incidens. 2. Though transmission was not demonstrated, survival of the virus for more than a few days was shown to occur in Culex stigmatosoma and Psorophora confinnis. Possibly transmission occurred by the former. 3. In experiments with Culex tarsalis, infection of the mosquitoes occurred from feeding on an inoculated guinea pig, a duck, and virus-blood suspensions. After an incubation period of 10 to 30 days at a temperature above 25°C. these mosquitoes infected chickens and a guinea pig by their bite and virus was in turn demonstrated in the blood of the chickens and in the brain of the guinea pig. A total of 12 transmissions occurred. The fact that mosquitoes can be infected from fowl and in turn transmit to fowl, together with much other supporting data from field and laboratory, is interpreted as strengthening evidence that fowl serve as reservoirs of virus in nature. 4. Since Culex tarsalis mosquitoes have been repeatedly found infected with Western equine virus and epidemiologic evidence supports their incrimination, the vector rôle of this species is now established, and it may be regarded as fully incriminated. 5. Culiseta inornata has also been found infected in nature and now proven a laboratory vector. This species does not fit the epidemiological picture in the Yakima Valley as well as C. tarsalis, but may play an important rôle elsewhere. 6. Anopheles maculipennis freeborni and Culex pipiens found naturally infected have not transmitted the virus under laboratory conditions.

Ovulation in Rhodnius prolixus Stal is induced by an extract of neurosecretory cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Kriger ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Median Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
The Brain

The injection of an extract of 10 identified median neurosecretory cells from the pars intercerebralis into gravid mated females previously deprived of these cells by surgery induces ovulation and oviposition during the ensuring 24 h. Injection of an extract of ocellar nerves has no effect. These observations support the hypothesis that ovulation and oviposition are controlled by a myotropin released from neurosecretory cells in the brain.

Projection of FMRFamide-like neuropeptide-producing neurosecretory cells from silkworm brain into ventral nerve cord and retrocerebral complex

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yong Kim ◽  
Hwa Young Song ◽  
Mi Young Kim ◽  
Pil Don Kang ◽  
Min Ho Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Median Region ◽  
The Brain

AbstractUsing immunostaining methodology, we traced the axonal projection of FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2)-like immunoreactive (LI) medial neurosecretory cells (MNCs) and lateral neurosecretory cells (LNCs) from the brain into the ventral nerve cord (VNC) and retrocerebral complex in Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Of the seven pairs of FMRFamide-LI MNCs, one pair extended its axons from the brain pars intercerebralis into the VNC ipsilateral connective where they appeared to terminate. The axons of the remaining MNCs ran through decussation in the brain median region and contralateral nervi corporis cardiaci (NCC) I out of the brain, and eventually innervated the contralateral corpus cardiacum (CC). Axons from the single pair of FMRFamide-LI LNCs projected into the ipsilateral NCC II fused with NCC I without decussation in the brain, and finally terminated in the CC. These results suggest that transport of the FMRFamide-like neuropeptide from may be related to the modulation of functions such as gut contraction in MNCs terminating in the VNC, and regulation of production and/or secretion of specific hormones such as juvenile hormone in MNCs and LNCs terminating in the CC.

The influence of the brain hormone on retention of blood in the mid-gut of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) - II. Early elimination following removal of the medial neurosecretory cells of the brain

1978 ◽  
Vol 202 (1147) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
The Brain

Development of the oöcytes beyond the resting stage to maturity in mosquitoes is triggered by an egg development neurosecretory hormone from the brain. This hormone is produced by the medial neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis, and in anautogenous species is stored in the corpus cardiacum until a blood-meal is taken. Removal of the head of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.), shortly after completion of a blood-meal, has previously been shown not only to prevent oöcyte maturation, but also to result in early elimination of the blood-meal. The work described in this paper shows that it is a factor originating in the medial neuro­-secretory cells, presumably egg development neurosecretory hormone, which is essential if the blood-meal is to be retained in the mid-gut until the oöcytes are nearing maturity.

Identified neurosecretory cells in the brain of female Rhodnius prolixus contain a myotropic peptide

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1720-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Kriger ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Myotropic Activity ◽  
The Brain

Extracts of 10 identified neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis exhibit myotropic activity when added to the medium bathing an isolated ovary of Rhodnius. The myotropic activity of the preparation, expressed as the power in joules per second, increases linearly over a 100-fold range of concentrations but is not further affected by higher concentrations. The activity in the extracts is stable after heating to 90 °C for 5 min, and is reduced by incubation with trypsin. Comparison with the effects of proctolin demonstrates that the neurosecretory myotropin is not proctolin.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN IN RELATION TO OVARIAN CYCLE OF FRESHWATER CRAB, BARYTELPHUSA CUNICULARIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. JAWALE
Keyword(s):  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Ovarian maturation by neurosecretory cells in the brain of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis have been examined. The histological scrutiny of the brain of Barytelphusa cunicularis related with three types (A, B and C) of neurosecretory cells, which are classified on the basis of size, shape and tinctorial characters. All these types of cells marked annual cyclic changes of cytoplasmic material in association with ovarian cycle. The activity of these cells has been correlated with the ovarian cycle. They are distinguishable by their size, nature locations, shape, nucleus position, cell measure and the secretory product in the cytoplasm. The result indicates that the neurosecretory A, B and C cells of the brain seen involved in the process of mating ovulation. The neurosecretory materials staining intensity index of these cells is described.

Neurosecretory Cells in the Brain of the Larva of Lucilia caesar L.

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 179 (4553) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALASTAIR FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
The Brain

Experimental Third Ventriculostomy Performed Using Endovascular Surgical Techniques and Their Adaptation to Percutaneous Intradural Neuronavigation: Proof of Concept Cadaver Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Horowitz ◽  
Kamal Ramzipoor ◽  
Ajit Nair ◽  
Susan Miller ◽  
George Rappard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Brain

Abstract OBJECTIVE Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has developed into a therapeutic alternative to shunting for the management of carefully selected patients with primarily noncommunicating hydrocephalus. This procedure, however, requires a general anesthetic and necessitates violation of the brain parenchyma and manipulation near vital neural structures to access the floor of the third ventricle. Using two cadavers and off-the-shelf angiographic catheters, we sought to determine whether it was possible to navigate a catheter, angioplasty balloon, and stent percutaneously through the subarachnoid space from the thecal sac into the third ventricle so as to perform a third ventriculostomy from below. METHODS Using biplane angiography and off-the-shelf angiographic catheters along with angioplasty balloons and stents, we were able to pass a stent coaxially from the thecal sac to and across the floor of the third ventricle so as to achieve a third ventriculostomy from below. RESULTS Coaxial catheter techniques allowed for the percutaneous insertion of a stent across the floor of the third ventricle. Ventriculostomy was confirmed by injecting contrast medium into the lateral ventricle and seeing it pass through the stent and into the chiasmatic cistern. CONCLUSION We describe the performance of third ventriculostomies in two cadavers by use of the new concept of percutaneous intradural neuronavigation. This procedure may obviate the need for general anesthetic and minimize the potential for brain and vascular injury, especially if ultimately combined with magnetic resonance fluoroscopy.

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