Influence of osmotic stress on upper lethal temperatures in the cyprinodontid fish Fundulus heteroclitus (L.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Garside ◽  
Z. K. Chin-Yuen-Kee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures

Upper lethal temperatures determined for the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) for exposures of 10 000 min ranged from 18.58C to 36.31C. Osmotic acclimations were prepared at 0, 14, and 32‰ salinity (S), at thermal acclimations of 5 and 15C, and at 14 and 32‰ S at 25C. Mummichog could not survive in the acclimatory combination of 0‰ S at 25C. Subsamples from these acclimatory combinations were exposed to thermal stress at 0, 14, and 32‰ S. Highest upper lethal temperatures were observed in isosmotic test salinity (14‰). Intermediate lethal levels occurred in seawater (32‰ S) and the lowest lethal temperatures occurred in fresh water (0‰ S). Upper lethal temperature increased with increasing thermal acclimation but generally, prior osmotic experience did not modify thermal tolerance. There was no relation between order of death and size in 18 of the 24 test combinations. In the remaining six, the largest members died first in four and the smallest died first in two test combinations.

Upper Lethal Temperatures in Relation to Osmotic Stress in the Ribbed Mussel Modiolus demissus

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Waugh ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Test Medium ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Ribbed Mussels ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ambient Salinity ◽  
Ribbed Mussel

Upper lethal temperatures for the ribbed mussel Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn) were determined for thermal acclimations of 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 C and osmotic acclimations at 5, 15, and 28‰ S, which yielded nine combinations. These upper lethal temperatures for 1440 min exposure ranged from 38.42 to 40.18 C, generally paralleling increases in thermal acclimation. The upper lethal temperature within any thermal acclimation decreased as the salinity of the bioassay departed from the appropriate level of osmotic acclimation. Depression of the upper lethal temperature was more pronounced in the test medium of 5‰ S. The shift from osmoconformity to osmoregulation, which occurs in this species when the ambient salinity is reduced to 350 mosmols (approximately 10‰ S) apparently extends the metabolic load or stress relative to that induced by similar temperatures in higher levels of salinity. Order of death in any bioassay was independent of size expressed as length, and specific sex.The upper lethal temperatures are higher than the mean temperature of the substrate of the collecting site during the warmest period of the summer, but are approximately the same as the maximum substrate temperature during that period. Survival of ribbed mussels in such potentially lethal conditions is explained by the shorter intermittent natural exposures than those employed in the bioassays.

Temperature Tolerance of Bloater (Coregonus hoyi)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2047-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Edsall ◽  
Donald V. Rottiers ◽  
Edward H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Coregonus Hoyi

Juvenile and young adult bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) were tested for tolerance to high temperatures. The ultimate upper lethal temperature of juvenile bloaters (26.75 C) appeared to be slightly higher than that of young adult bloaters, but was similar to that of juvenile ciscoes, Coregonus artedii (26.0 C), the only other North American coregonine for which a detailed description of temperature tolerance has been published.Regression equations are given that permit estimation of the thermal tolerance when the lethal temperatures are incompletely known. The estimated thermal tolerance of juvenile bloaters (617 units) was slightly less than that of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis; 625 units), but was higher than that of other Salmonidae.

Thermal preferences of mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus L., and banded killifish, F. diaphanus (LeSueur), (Cyprinodontidae) in relation to thermal acclimation and salinity

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1190-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Garside ◽  
G. C. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Typical Habitat ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Banded Killifish

Frequency distributions corresponding to various levels of thermal acclimation from 5 to 35 °C were recorded for samples of marine mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus L., and samples of freshwater banded killifish, F. diaphanus (LeSueur), in thermal gradients formed in columns of fresh water (< 0.5‰ salinity) or sea water (32‰ salinity). Mean preferred temperatures comprised roughly parallel but irregularly inflected trends for the two series of tests, within each species. In mummichog, preferred temperatures for corresponding thermal acclimations ranged from 3 to 6 °C higher in tests conducted in sea water. In banded killifish, preferred temperatures for corresponding thermal acclimations ranged from 5 to 8 °C higher in fresh water. Thus, each species regularly preferred higher temperatures in salinity which approximated that of the typical habitat. The inference to be taken is that the unusual salinity for each species places an extraordinary osmoregulative load which influences the reactions of the fish to the series of thermal or other correlated stimuli in the gradient.

Upper lethal temperatures of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), in relation to thermal and osmotic acclimation, ambient salinity, and size

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Jordan ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation ◽  
Ambient Salinity

Samples of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), collected in seawater at Halifax, Nova Scotia, were acclimated to six combinations of conditions at 10 and 20C and in 0, 12, and 30‰ salinity (S). Bioassays of 10 000 min were performed at various constant temperatures from 20 to 30C in the diallel combinations of acclimation and salinities of 0, 12, and 30‰. Highest upper lethal temperatures, corresponding to combinations of acclimation, occurred in isosmotic test salinity of 12‰. Upper lethal temperatures ranged in all tests from 28.76 to 21.63C. A 10-degree increase in thermal acclimation resulted in increases in upper lethal temperature ranging from −0.27 to 0.77 degrees in tests conducted at 12‰ S and increases ranging variously from 1.45 to 3.56 degrees in tests conducted at 0 and 30‰ S. Upper lethal temperatures were shifted significantly by the ambient salinity but not by salinity of acclimation. Within the range of total lengths, 30–80 mm, there were no significant differences in mean lengths of dead and surviving fish in relation to acclimation temperatures and test salinities. There was no rank-correlation between order of death and total length in 15 of 18 test combinations.

AN EFFECT OF DILUTIONS OF SEAWATER ON THE LETHAL TEMPERATURE OF THE GUPPY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Needler Arai ◽  
E. T. Cox ◽  
F. E. J. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Two Phases

Two phases of resistance times with decreasing upper lethal temperatures are shown for guppies acclimated to 25 °C, with a more marked increase in resistance between 37° and 36 °C than for the same increment at higher or lower temperatures in fresh water. Increased salinity has little effect at high (39 °C) and low (34°) lethal temperatures. At 38° and 37 °C thermal resistance is increased by ⅛ seawater and still more so by ¼ seawater, as might be expected since the latter is approximately isosmotic. However, at 36° the least resistance is obtained in ¼ seawater.

The Effect of Thermal Acclimation on the Heat Tolerance of the Intertidal Prosobranchs Littorina Littorea L.) and Monodonta Lineata (Da Costa)

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. NEWELL ◽  
V. I. PYE ◽  
M. AHSANULLAH
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperature

1. The effect of exposure time and acclimation temperature on the survival of the winkle Littorina littorea and the topshell Monodonta lineata is described. 2. It was found that acclimation to temperatures between 5 and 16 °C enhanced survival whereas acclimation to temperatures above 21 °C resulted in little further elevation of the heat-lethal temperature. 3. The process of thermal acclimation is accomplished by raising the heat tolerance of the less-resistant individuals more than that of other members of the population. 4. The increase in sea temperatures which occurs with the onset of summer is sufficient to extend the thermal tolerance so that unusually high temperatures can be tolerated when the animals are uncovered by the tide.

SOME LETHAL TEMPERATURE RELATIONS OF TWO MINNOWS OF THE GENUS CHROSOMUS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert V. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Equal Temperature

The resistance and tolerance of Chrosomus eos and Chrosomus neogaeus to high temperatures were examined. Tests were conducted with C. neogaeus in winter and with C. eos in winter and summer. For both species, death at high temperatures could be separated into three lethal patterns or "effects". The first effect seemed to be associated, at least in part, with thermal shock. Factors generating the other effects were not apparent.Both species showed about the same degree of tolerance and resistance to high temperatures when they were acclimated to 15 °C or higher. At 9 °C, C. eos was less tolerant to high lethal temperatures than was C. neogaeus.When equal temperature acclimations were compared, C. eos was more resistant to high lethal temperatures in summer than in winter.

The physiology of Venezillo arizonicus (Isopoda, Armadillidae): metabolism and thermal tolerance

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Zechariah C. Harris ◽  
Jonathan C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Habitat Productivity ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Desert Habitat ◽  
Reduced Temperature

Abstract Venezillo arizonicus (Mulaik & Mulaik, 1942) is the only oniscidean isopod native to the Southwest Desert Province of North America. In accordance with its desert habitat, we hypothesized that V. arizonicus would have a higher upper lethal temperature than mesic oniscideans. If oniscidean thermal tolerance is limited by an oxygen consumption-uptake mismatch (physiological hypoxia), as indicated by recent work with other land isopods, we further hypothesized that V. arizonicus would possess highly efficient pleopodal lungs, as defined by its capacity for metabolic regulation in reduced . Other adaptations to counter oxygen limitation at high temperatures could include reduced temperature sensitivity of metabolism (low ) and an overall reduction in metabolic rate. Thermal tolerance was measured using the progressive method of Cowles & Bogert and the catabolic rate of animals () was measured as a function of temperature and . The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of winter-acclimatized animals was 43.0 ± 0.85°C, 1.6-2.6°C higher than published values for summer-acclimatized mesic oniscideans. The catabolic rate at 25°C was 1.50 ± 0.203 μl min−1 g−1, markedly lower than values determined for mesic Oniscidea (4-6 μl min−1 g−1) and was unaffected by hypoxia as low as 2% O2 (ca. 2 kPa). Catabolism was, however, quite sensitive to temperature, showing a mean of 2.58 over 25-42°C. The efficient pleopodal lungs and low metabolic rate of V. arizonicus will both tend to mitigate physiological hypoxia, consistent with the species’ high CTmax. A low catabolic rate may also be an adaptation to low habitat productivity and seasonally constrained activity patterns.

scholarly journals Metabolt: An In-Situ Instrument to Characterize the Metabolic Activity of Microbial Soil Ecosystems Using Electrochemical and Gaseous Signatures

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4479
Author(s):  
Miracle Israel Nazarious ◽  
María-Paz Zorzano ◽  
Javier Martín-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Space Applications

Metabolt is a portable soil incubator to characterize the metabolic activity of microbial ecosystems in soils. It measures the electrical conductivity, the redox potential, and the concentration of certain metabolism-related gases in the headspace just above a given sample of regolith. In its current design, the overall weight of Metabolt, including the soils (250 g), is 1.9 kg with a maximum power consumption of 1.5 W. Metabolt has been designed to monitor the activity of the soil microbiome for Earth and space applications. In particular, it can be used to monitor the health of soils, the atmospheric-regolith fixation, and release of gaseous species such as N2, H2O, CO2, O2, N2O, NH3, etc., that affect the Earth climate and atmospheric chemistry. It may be used to detect and monitor life signatures in soils, treated or untreated, as well as in controlled environments like greenhouse facilities in space, laboratory research environments like anaerobic chambers, or simulating facilities with different atmospheres and pressures. To illustrate its operation, we tested the instrument with sub-arctic soil samples at Earth environmental conditions under three different conditions: (i) no treatment (unperturbed); (ii) sterilized soil: after heating at 125 °C for 35.4 h (thermal stress); (iii) stressed soil: after adding 25% CaCl2 brine (osmotic stress); with and without addition of 0.5% glucose solution (for control). All the samples showed some distinguishable metabolic response, however there was a time delay on its appearance which depends on the treatment applied to the samples: 80 h for thermal stress without glucose, 59 h with glucose; 36 h for osmotic stress with glucose and no significant reactivation in the pure water case. This instrument shows that, over time, there is a clear observable footprint of the electrochemical signatures in the redox profile which is complementary to the gaseous footprint of the metabolic activity through respiration.

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