Fine structure of pegs on the palps of female culicine mosquitoes

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Cuticular Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Distinctive Cell ◽  
Sheath Cells ◽  
Culex Territans

The fine structure of the thin-walled pegs known to respond to carbon dioxide was studied in Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex pipiens L., and Culex territans Walker. Each peg is composed of an external cuticular structure with numerous pores which occur in groups, three bipolar neurons, and sheath cells. In A. aegypti two morphologically different types of neurons were found innervating the same sensillum: two electron-dense neurons and one electron-lucid neuron per peg. In addition to distinctive cell bodies and nuclei, the two types of neurons have different organization patterns of their dendritic processes within the lumen. Culex pipiens is shown to have several times more area available for perception of carbon dioxide than A. aegypti.

Fine structure of sunken thick-walled pegs (sensilla ampullacea and coeloconica) on the antennae of mosquitoes

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Boo ◽  
S. B. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sheath Cells

Sensilla ampullacea (pegs in tubes), a type of sensillum heretofore unknown from mosquitoes, occur on the antennae of female Anopheles stephensi Liston and Aedes aegypti (L.). Sensilla coeloconica (pegs in pits) with thick-walled pegs, previously reported from A. aegypti and Culex pipiens L. also occur on the antennae of An. stephensi.The fine structure of the sensilla ampullacea and coeloconica is similar. Each sensillum consists of a non-perforated, thick-walled peg located in either a deep tube or a pit, and is innervated by three neurons. The unbranched dendrites of two neurons extend into the lumen of the peg. The dendrite of the third neuron, which is distally folded into lamellae in all of the sensilla ampullacea and some of the sensilla coeloconica, terminates beneath the peg. Three sheath cells are associated with each sensillum.Sensilla coeloconica on the antennae of female Aedes aegypti are thermoreceptors. On the basis of similarity in fine structure, sensilla coeloconica and ampullacea of An. stephensi probably also play a role in thermoreception.

Comparative studies on the sense organs on the antennae and maxillary palps of selected male culicine mosquitoes

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan McIver
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Sensilla Basiconica ◽  
Aedes Atropalpus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maxillary Palps

The sense organs on the antennae and maxillary palps of male Aedes atropalpus (Coquillett), Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex territans Walker, and Culex pipiens L. are similar to those observed on female culicines including water, olfactory, and carbon dioxide receptors. Although males have the same variety, they have fewer of each type of sense organ. The difference in number of any one type of sense organ is more variable in the female than the male except for the sensilla basiconica.

Studies on the sense organs on the palps of selected culicine mosquitoes

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan McIver ◽  
Christel Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Ventral Part ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Culex Restuans ◽  
Distal Half ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Palpal Segment ◽  
Maxillary Palps

Four structures are found on the maxillary palps of female culicine mosquitoes: microtrichia, scales, sensilla chaetica, and thin-walled, bulb-shaped organs. The bulb organs are localized on the distal half of the ventral part of palpal segment 4, have perforated walls, are carbon dioxide receptors (Kellogg, in press), and vary in number among the species from 29/palp on Aedes aegypti to 89/palp on Culex restuans. An explanation for observed behavioral responses to carbon dioxide is given.

SALIVARY GLANDS OF FEMALE CULEX PIPIENS: MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MATURATION AND BLOOD-FEEDING

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Barrow ◽  
S. B. McIver ◽  
K. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Medial Lobe ◽  
Complete Development

AbstractThe salivary glands of female Culex pipiens L each consist of three lobes divisible into five regions. Fine structure indicates that two regions may be involved in solute-linked water transport and three regions may have a glandular function. The fine structure is similar to that reported for Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. In C. pipiens, an axon of presumed neurosecretory function was found associated with the neck region of the medial lobe.Complete development of the salivary glands occurs between the first and fifth days of adulthood. Morphological changes associated with blood-feeding were limited to the presence or absence of the salivary secretions in the apical cavities and duct lumen. During blood-feeding the contents of two of the glandular regions are voided, being replenished within 24 h Results are related to previous histochemical studies of the salivary glands of mosquitoes.

Fine Structure of the Malpighian Tubules of the Mosquito, Culex pipiens

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
Brendan Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Basal Plasma

An ultrastructural investigation of the Malpighian tubules of the fourth instar larva of Culex pipiens was undertaken as part of a continuing study of the fine structure of transport epithelia.Each of the five Malpighian tubules was found to be morphologically identical and regionally undifferentiated. Two distinct cell types, the primary and stellate, were found intermingled along the length of each tubule. The ultrastructure of the stellate cell was previously described in the Malpighian tubule of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala by Berridge and Oschman.The basal plasma membrane of the primary cell is extremely irregular, giving rise to a complex interconnecting network of basal channels. The compartments of cytoplasm entrapped within this system of basal infoldings contain mitochondria, free ribosomes, and small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondria are distinctive in that the cristae run parallel to the long axis of the organelle.

Estudio y evaluación de depredadores y bacterias entomopatógenas de Aedes aegypti (L.) y Culex pipiens (L.), como potenciales agentes de control

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
María Cecilia Tranchida
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
La Plata

Aedes aegypti y Culex pipiens se encuentran entre las principales especies de mosquitos vectores de enfermedades a nivel mundial. Ambas, son de gran importancia sanitaria en la Argentina. Aedes aegypti, es el principal vector del dengue y la fiebre amarilla. Está presente en la Argentina desde 1983, cuando fue confirmada su reemergencia en nuestro país. A partir de entonces comenzaron a detectarse casos de dengue hasta que el último brote de esta enfermedad en 2009 produjo 24.720 casos autóctonos confirmados por la OPS a nivel nacional. Culex pipiens es vector de algunas filariasis, y de importantes arbovirosis como la ocasionada por el virus del Nilo Occidental. La actividad vectorial de este mosquito se ve incrementada en zonas donde la densidad de zanjas de desagüe domiciliario es elevada, ya que este tipo de ambiente constituye un lugar propicio para su desarrollo. De su importancia sanitaria nace la necesidad de controlar su actividad vectorial, manteniendo las poblaciones en bajas densidades. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar estrategias para el control de A. aegypti y C. pipiens, basadas en métodos biológicos, eficaces, permanentes y seguros para el ambiente, mediante el empleo de enemigos naturales presentes en las poblaciones de ambas especies. En este trabajo, fueron evaluados copépodos, turbelarios y peces como depredadores; y bacterias entomopatógenas (α-protobacterias y bacterias esporulantes). El estudio de los copépodos, tuvo como objetivo identificar a la comunidad de copépodos larvívoros que se desarrolla en los criaderos de mosquitos, ubicados en los alrededores de la ciudad de La Plata, para identificar nuevas especies capaces de depredar mosquitos que habitan recipientes artificiales (A. aegypti y C. pipiens). La diversidad de copépodos larvívoros fue mayor en los cuerpos de agua permanentes. Acanthocyclops robustus, Diacyclops uruguayensis, Macrocyclops albidus y Mesocyclops longisetus fueron seleccionados por su capacidad depredadora. En el laboratorio fueron evaluadas: la capacidad de depredación de ambos sexos y diferentes estadios, preferencia de especie presa, y la tasa de depredación diaria. Las hembras de estas especies de copépodos presentaron mayor capacidad depredadora. No se detectó preferencia de los copépodos hacia ninguna de las especies de mosquitos. También se evaluó la tolerancia a la desecación y la capacidad de vivir en el agua que se acumula en los recipientes artificiales. Diacyclops uruguayensis y A. robustus sobrevivieron en las condiciones de sequía ensayadas en este estudio, pero D. uruguayensis mostró una menor supervivencia en el agua de recipientes artificiales. Macrocyclops albidus no sobrevivió en condiciones de sequía ni toleró el agua extraída de los recipientes artificiales. La supervivencia de M. longisetus ante estas condiciones, fue reducida. Se concluyó que las especies D. uruguayensis y A. robustus podrían ser buenos candidatos para el control de especies de mosquitos que crían en recipientes artificiales.

Functional validation of the carbon dioxide receptor genes in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using RNA interference

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. G. Erdelyan ◽  
T. H. Mahood ◽  
T. S. Y. Bader ◽  
S. Whyard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Functional Validation

scholarly journals Cloning and Expression of Two Crystal Protein Genes, cry30Ba1 and cry44Aa1, Obtained from a Highly Mosquitocidal Strain, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus INA288

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 5673-5676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ito ◽  
Tomonori Ikeya ◽  
Ken Sahara ◽  
Hisanori Bando ◽  
Shin-ichiro Asano
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Crystal Protein ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pallens ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp ◽  
Pipiens Pallens ◽  
Crystal Protein Genes

ABSTRACT Two novel crystal protein genes, cry30Ba and cry44Aa, were cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus INA288 and expressed in an acrystalliferous strain. Cry44Aa crystals were highly toxic to second-instar Culex pipiens pallens (50% mortality concentration [LC50] = 6 ng/ml) and Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 12 ng/ml); however, Cry30Ba crystals were not toxic.

The Susceptibility of various Species of Mosquitos to DDT, Dieldrin and BHC

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
Culex Pipiens Molestus ◽  
Filter Papers

The susceptibility of various mosquitos to DDT, dieldrin and BHC has been studied. Adult females were exposed in small tubes lined with filter papers impregnated with insecticide-oil solutions. Larvae were exposed to insecticideacetone suspensions in water.Adult mosquitos tested in London showed no striking differences in susceptibility to DDT, though the median lethal concentration (MLC) of Culex pipiens molestus Forsk. (1·6 per cent.) was greater than the MLC of Aëdes aegypti (L.) (0·9), Anopheles maculipennis var. atroparvusvan Thiel (1·0), or A. quadrimaculatus Say (·7). C. p. molestus and Aë. aegypti showed the same order of susceptibility to dieldrin and BHC, with Anopheles m. atroparvus more susceptible to both insecticides.

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