Reproduction in female reindeer and caribou

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. McEwan ◽  
P. E. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

Reindeer and caribou which are polyestrous, undergo estrous cycles of two lengths, a short cycle of 10 to 12 days, and a long cycle of 24 days. The duration of pregnancy in free-roaming animals was found to be considerably longer than in animals reared in captivity, which may be due to prenatal undernourishment. The estimated digestible energy consumed during the late pregnancy of penned animals amounted to about 6000 kcal/day.

OVARIAN FOLLICULAR ACTIVITY IN LATE PREGNANCY

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. T. GOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Follicular Activity

SUMMARY A histological study was made of ovaries obtained from patients in the latter half of pregnancy; the duration of pregnancy ranged from 26 to 40 weeks. During the first 7 weeks of this period there was little evidence of follicular activity. From 33 weeks to term new Graafian follicles, rarely exceeding 4 mm in diameter, appeared in progressively increasing numbers. This may be a critical stage in follicular development when the follicle must either go on to complete maturity or suffer atresia. Luteinization of the granulosa layer occasionally occurred in these follicles but it was not accompanied by proliferation of granulosa cells; the surrounding thecal cells frequently showed no sign of luteinization and were sometimes atrophic. The factors responsible for granulosa luteinization seem not to be the same as those necessary for theca luteinization, nor are they identical with the mechanisms responsible for luteal proliferation.

scholarly journals Optimization of cropping pattern and stocking density for production of brackishwater shrimp, Penaeus monodon

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
SB Saha ◽  
Shamsun Nahar ◽  
Azhar Ali ◽  
SL Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

An experiment was conducted to develop a culture system for producing brackishwater shrimp, Penaeus monodon, at a management strategy affordable for marginal to medium farmers. Shrimp was produced by two cropping patterns viz., short cycle (60 days) double crops and long cycle (120 days) single crop each at three stocking densities viz., 3, 5, 7 nos./m2. The analysis of results revealed that production of shrimp of 913.57 - 1429.38 kg/ha in long cycle single crop was higher than that of 804.42 - 1296.87 kg/ha in aggregate of short cycle double crops at 3 - 5 nos./m2 density, but at 7 nos./m2 density, production of shrimp of 1899.39 kg/ha was higher in short cycle double crops than that of 1857.31 kg/ha in long cycle single crop. The differences in production between two cropping patterns at different densities were not significant. Gross margin was higher in high stocking ponds in both short and long cycle cropping pattern and it was 1.75 - 2.24 times higher in long cycle culture than that short cycle culture. However, considering higher benefit cost ratio and requirement of supply of oxygen for the production management, it can be surmised that production of shrimp in short cycle double crops at 5 nos./m2 densities will be better affordable for marginal to medium farmers having limited resource.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 31-40, 2016

scholarly journals Effect of Pressure, Post-Pressing Time, and Polymerization Cycle on the Degree of Conversion of Thermoactivated Acrylic Resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella de S. Leão ◽  
Sandra L. D. de Moraes ◽  
Kátia A. da S. Aquino ◽  
Cristina P. Isolan ◽  
Bruno G. da S. Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Margin Of Error

Herein, the effect of different post-pressing times and pressure in two cycles of polymerization on the degree of conversion (DC) of thermally activated acrylic resin (TRRA) is analyzed to optimize the polymerization of this material. After post-pressing for 0, 6, or 12 h, polymerization was performed with or without a pressure of 60 psi (0.41 MPa) in a short (4 h) or a long (11 h) cycle, totaling 12 groups. To determine the DC, PMMA specimens were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The influence of each factor alone on the DC was studied by experimental planning. The statistical tests used were three-way ANOVA, t-test, Tukey’s test, and Levene’s test, with a margin of error of 5%. Two groups prepared with post-pressing times of 12 h had the lowest DC (p<0.001). Post-pressing times of 0 and 6 h did not yield statistically different results. Pressure increased the DC in only one group (long cycle +12 h, p=0.001). The short cycle resulted in a higher DC than the long cycle in 2 groups (with pressure +0 h, p=0.002; without pressure +6 h, p=0.015), while the long cycle yielded a statistically higher DC in only one group (with pressure +12 h, p<0.001). The polymerization showed satisfactory DC in all 12 groups. Small differences found among the specimens indicate that the pressure, post-pressing time, and polymerization cycles herein were not influential factors for the DC of PMMA.

The Runoff Forecasting Model Based on Wavelet Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 1032-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fang Gu ◽  
Xiao Li Wang ◽  
Fu Hui Du
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Mallat Algorithm ◽  
Runoff Prediction ◽  
Runoff Forecast ◽  
Neural Fuzzy

Considering various the wavelet decomposition reconstruction technology and training cycle of adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, this article propose four runoff forecast model of wavelet analysis and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system integration, such as the long cycle based on Mallat algorithm in runoff prediction, the long cycle based on wavelet packet algorithm in runoff prediction, the short cycle based on Mallat algorithm in runoff prediction, the short cycle based on wavelet packet algorithm in runoff prediction, and illuminate the model of the principles, structures and procedures. This model is used in Tangnaihe station monthly runoff forecast which lies in the Huanghe source area. Simulation results are evaluated by the cycle decomposition coefficients and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient; it shows that the long cycle based on Mallat algorithm is best, the short cycle based on wavelet packet algorithm is worst. The author analyzes the reason and makes some proposal.

scholarly journals Participatory Ergonomics Training in the Manufacturing Sector and Ergonomic Analysis Tools

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie St-Vincent ◽  
Monique Lortie ◽  
Denise Chicoine
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Job Analysis ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Participatory Ergonomics ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Ergonomic Analysis

Summary This article discusses the importance of job analysis tools for training in the context of participatory ergonomic processes. It explains the major principles and challenges in the design of these tools for short-cycle repetitive tasks and for long-cycle varied tasks. The intervention framework is described and the proposed tools are presented and related to the literature. The participants’ difficulties with the tools developed in both contexts studied are summarized. The discussion suggests that these difficulties are partly related to the company context and raises questions about the data relevant for the evaluation of solutions in the case of non-repetitive tasks.

Venous tonus enhancement after a short cycle of intermittent pneumatic compression

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N Harfouche ◽  
S Theys ◽  
P Hanson ◽  
J C Schoevaerdts ◽  
X Sturbois
Keyword(s):  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Venous Tone ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Limb ◽  
Venous Diameter ◽  
The Common

Objectives To test if intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) used with a short cycle could reproduce and confirm the 30 min vasoconstriction effect observed after a long cycle of pressure. Methods Eighteen subjects took part in the study, 12 with venous insufficiency (VI) and six without VI (NonVI). Duplex scanner was used to evaluate the diameter of six sites of veins on each of both lower limbs before and after the treatment. The IPC was applied to only one limb. Results The control limb showed no change in venous diameter. The treated limb, showed in the NonVI group one vasoconstriction: the greater saphena at the knee level (GS) ( P < 0.05). In the VI group, four sites out of six showed a vasoconstriction: the common femoral ( P < 0.005), the GS at its cross ( P < 0.001), the GS ( P < 0.001) and the lesser saphena ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Both long and short cycle of IPC are suitable to enhance the venous tone in VI patients for at least 30 min after the end of the treatment.

A complete life cycle of the calycophoran siphonophore Muggiaea kochi (Will) in the laboratory, under different temperature conditions: ecological implications

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1269) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Small Species ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
First Time

For the first time, a complete life cycle of a siphonophore has been achieved in culture at different temperatures, in the small species Muggiaea kochi . The larval, polygastric and eudoxid stages are described, and their duration and rate of production determined. The results show that the cycle from egg to egg lasts two weeks at 24 °C and three weeks at 18 °C. Furthermore, two types of life cycle have been observed: a short cycle at 18 °C and 24 °C characterized by a short (2-3 weeks) polygastric phase, and a long cycle at 13 °C marked by the persistence of a stationary polygastric phase. The experimental results are discussed in relation to the seasonal distribution of the species in the Bay of Villefranche-sur-mer.

The effect of concentrate level on the intake of grass silages by ewes in late pregnancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Orr ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Concentrate Level

ABSTRACTIn two experiments, six silages were offered either alone or with constant daily levels of a barley-based concentrate (450 or 900 g fresh weight per ewe) to Finn Dorset ewes carrying between one and four foetuses in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. The silages (SI to S3, experiment 1 and S4 to S6, experiment 2) had dry matter (DM) concentrations of 256, 190, 278 and 294, 216, 201 g/kg fresh weight and crude protein (CP) concentrations of 106, 164, 212 and 119, 148, 194 g/kg DM. Mean metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations of the silages (digestible energy × 0·81), in weeks 16 and 20, were 9·2, 10·3, 12·0 and 8·8, 10·9, 11·0 MJ/kg DM. Total ME intakes were 12·6, 13·5, 18·6 and 14·5, 15·1, 16·8 MJ/day in week 16 of gestation and were 11·6, 11·2, 17·2 and 12·2, 11·8, 13·3 MJ/day in week 20. Total ME intakes were increased by offering higher levels of concentrates and for levels of 0, 450 or 900 g/day these were 12·3, 14·8, 17·9 MJ/day in week 16 and 9·6, 12·8, 15·5 MJ/day in week 20. Intakes were similar for ewes carrying twins or multiples in experiment 1, but in experiment 2, intakes by ewes with twins or multiples were proportionately 0·97 and 0·85 of those for ewes with singles. Replacement rates of forage by concentrates were —0·09, —0·08, —0·60 and —0·06, —0·25, —0·38 g silage organic matter (OM) per g concentrates OM for silages SI to S3 and S4 to S6. Only on silage S6 did the replacement rate differ significantly from zero.

The Farming System

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
System P ◽  
Very High

There are two millet varieties cultivated in Kala, a long-cycle bush field, and a short-cycle village field variety, covering more than 90% of farmed land. The characteristics, scale and access to land, labour and capital are presented, showing the very high reliance on household-owned resources. The pattern of activity between the two varieties is shown for 1980 and 1981, given differences in rainfall distribution. The size of bush and village fields, and their distribution by household are described and inputs of labour and plough-team use discussed. The particular importance of manure availability is shown for more intensive cultivation of village field millet, before presenting the performance of households in terms of yields of the two varieties, per hectare and per worker, demonstrating both competition and complementarity between the two crops.

Weekly Clearances of Urea and Creatinine on CAPD and NIPD

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl D. Nolph ◽  
Zbylut J. Twardowski ◽  
Prakash R. Keshaviah1
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Total Body

Weekly creatinine clearance (Ccr) and weekly Curea/ v (kt/v) are popular indices for quantitating the amount of peritoneal dialysis provided. Studies were undertaken on 44 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 10 patients on nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD) to compare relationships of weekly creatinine clearance to weekly urea clearance (Curea) divided by total body water (v). With a long cycle therapy such as CAPD, the ratio of weekly Ccr to weekly kt/v is higher than with a short cycle technique, such as NIPD, in the same patient. If patients are shifted from CAPD to NIPD maintaining the same weekly kt/v, the weekly Ccr will decrease. If patients are shifted from CAPD to NIPD maintaining the same weekly Ccr, then the weekly kt/v will increase. The clinical implications of these observations are unknown, but should be kept in mind for future studies comparing CAPD and NIPD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document