The life cycles of Bunodera sacculata and B. luciopercae (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) in Algonquin Park, Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1417-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. G. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Flame Cell ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Daphnia Similis ◽  
Excretory Bladder

Miracidia of Bunodera sacculata and Bunodera luciopercae develop into sporocysts in the gills of Pisidium variabile, where rediae are first produced after 60 to 70 days at 20C. Each redia has a well-developed pharynx, but neither gut nor lateral processes. Mature rediae, each with a birth pore and a degenerate pharynx, occur near the clam's gonad and contain ophthalmoxiphidiocercariae with a flame cell formula 2[(3+3+3) + (3+3+3)]. Cercarial stylets of B. sacculata and B. luciopercae are 15 and 18 long respectively. Only cercariae of B. sacculata have cystogenous glands. Infective metacercariae of B. sacculata develop in Daphnia similis and Moina affinis within 6 days and have well-developed reproductive structures unlike those of B. luciopercae, which develop within 12 days in Hyalella azteca and Crangonyx gracilis. Juvenile B. sacculata retain dark granules in the excretory bladder until they mature, which is within 3 weeks in the intestine of Perca flavescens. B. luciopercae juveniles, which expel the contents of the excretory bladder when they excyst, mature slowly, gradually moving from the gall bladder, where they first establish, to the intestine, where the first eggs are produced after 5 or 6 months. In B. sacculata spermatogenesis is abortive and reproduction parthenogenetic.

Structure and development of Lobatostoma manteri sp.nov. (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Excretory Bladder ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Adhesive Disk ◽  
Bladder Cells

Lobatostoma manteri sp.nov. is described. It differs from other species of this genus in the number of marginal alveoli (usually 56–62), the location of the testis near the posterior end and the large size of the cirrus pouch. Mature worms occur in the intestine of the fish Trachinotus blochi. Eggs containing fully developed larvae are laid. The eggs are eaten by snails and hatch in the stomach. Larvae have an oral sucker, pharynx, simple caecum, ventro-terminal acetabulum, two dorsal excretory bladder cells in front of the acetabulum, and a caudal appendage. They migrate into the digestive gland and differentiate to pre-adults with fully developed genital organs and the full number of alveoli on the adhesive disk; young spermatozoa and egg cells develop but do not mature. Pre-adults have a minimum number of 8500 sensory papillae on the surface. The worms are usually found in a cavity formed by enlargement of the main duct and one or more (?) side ducts of the digestive gland near the stomach in Cerithium moniliferum, or in the stomach and main ducts of the digestive gland of Peristernia australiensis. They may creep from the ducts into the stomach and back into the ducts. Fish become infected by eating snails. Worms from fish die soon after transfer into sea water but can be kept alive for up to 13 days in frog's Ringer solution or dilute sea water (1:5), in which they lay eggs containing larvae infective to snails. Worms from snails remain alive in sea water, dilute sea water, frog's Ringer or Tyrode solution. Eggs of worms from single infections have the haploid chromosome number of 7; there is normally no self-fertilization and development does not reach the blastula stage. The life-cycle of Lobatostoma manteri is the simplest two-host cycle of trematodes known. Reasons are given why it must be considered the most primitive one, of a type from which digenean life-cycles have evolved.

The Effects of High Temperatures on Roach (Rutilus Rutilus)

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY W. COCKING
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
The Mean

1. The temperature at which 50% of a sample of roach (Rutilus rutilus) die within a week cannot be raised above 33.5° C. by raising the acclimatization temperature. 2. The roach is about as eurythermal as the yellow perch (Perca flavescens). 3. The mean asphyxial concentration of oxygen at 30 and 32°C is approximately 0.8 mg./l. 4. Median survival time at any lethal temperature increases with increase in acclimatization temperature; survival time for any acclimatization temperature decreases as test temperature increases; the temperature at which 50% of a sample die within a week rises by about 1° C. for each 3° C. rise in acclimatization temperature. 5. The behaviour, on transfer to higher temperatures, depends on the acclimatization temperature and the size of the jump in temperature and can be divided into five characteristic stages. 6. Dying fish develop a black pattern; myotomic swimming muscles die first and opercular muscles last. The heart was still beating when the fish were opened but the gall bladder was abnormal.

scholarly journals A large cluster of highly expressed genes is dispensable for growth and development in Aspergillus nidulans.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Aramayo ◽  
T H Adams ◽  
W E Timberlake
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Sporulation Efficiency ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes

Abstract We investigated the functions of the highly expressed, sporulation-specific SpoC1 genes of Aspergillus nidulans by deleting the entire 38-kb SpoC1 gene cluster. The resultant mutant strain did not differ from the wild type in (1) growth rate, (2) morphology of specialized reproductive structures formed during completion of the asexual or sexual life cycles, (3) sporulation efficiency, (4) spore viability or (5) spore resistance to environmental stress. Thus, deletion of the SpoC1 gene cluster, representing 0.15% of the A. nidulans genome, had no readily detectable phenotypic effects. Implications of this result are discussed in the context of major alterations in gene expression that occur during A. nidulans development.

Freeze substitution fixation of fungal reproductive structures and spores

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
C. W. Mims ◽  
E. A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Diamond Knife

The advantages of freeze substitution fixation over conventional chemical fixation for preservation of ultrastructural details in fungi have been discussed by various authors. As most ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes do not fix well using conventional chemical fixation protocols, freeze substitution has attracted the attention of many individuals interested in fungal ultrastructure. Thus far most workers using this technique on fungi have concentrated on thin walled somatic hyphae. However, in our laboratory we have experimented with the use of freeze substitution on a variety of fungal reproductive structures and spores with promising results.Here we present data on freeze substituted samples of sporangia of the zygomycete Umbellopsis vinacea, basidia of Exobasidium camelliae var. gracilis, developing teliospores of the smut Sporisorium sorghi, germinating teliospores of the rust Gymnosporangium clavipes, germinating conidia of the deuteromycete Cercosporidium personatum, and developing ascospores of Ascodesmis nigricans.Spores of G. clavipes and C. personatum were deposited on moist pieces of sterile dialysis membrane where they hydrated and germinated. Asci of A. nigricans developed on pieces of dialysis membrane lying on nutrient agar plates. U. vinacea was cultured on small pieces of agar-coated wire. In the plant pathogens E. camelliae var. gracilis and S. sorghi, a razor blade was used to remove smal1 pieces of infected host issue. All samples were plunged directly into liquid propane and processed for study according to Hoch.l Samples on dialysis membrane were flat embedded. Serial thin sections were cut using a diamond knife, collected on slot grids, and allowed to dry down onto Formvar coated aluminum racks. Sections were post stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Incidence of Gall Bladder Disease in “Normal” Men

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Wilbur ◽  
Robert J. Bolt
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Gall Bladder Disease ◽  
Bladder Disease ◽  
Normal Men

Papilloma of the Gall Bladder

1957 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Gagliardi ◽  
Philip D. Gelbach
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder

Chronic Cholezystitis Misleading as Tumor of the Gall Bladder with Concomitant Liver Abscess

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teebken ◽  
Bartels ◽  
Fangmann ◽  
Nagel ◽  
Klempnauer
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Solide Tumoren ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
Histologische Untersuchung ◽  
Chronische Entzündungen

Ein 58jähriger Mann wurde mit Übelkeit, Oberbauchschmerzen, einem palpablen Tumor im rechten oberen Epigastrium und begleitendem Fieber aber fehlender Leukozytose und CRP-Erhöhung aufgenommen. Sowohl die Ultraschalluntersuchung als auch eine im Anschluss durchgeführte Computertomographie deuteten auf einen malignen Tumor der Gallenblase mit Infiltration der Leber und begleitender Abszessformation in den Segmenten 4b und 3 hin. Die Indikation zur Entfernung des Tumors im Sinne einer Hemihepatektomie links mit Cholezystektomie und Abszessdrainage wurde gestellt. Intraoperativ fand sich dann jedoch eine chronisch-eitrige Cholezystitis ohne Beteiligung der Leber selbst, sodass nur eine Cholezystektomie durchgeführt werden musste. Die histologische Untersuchung der Gallenblase erbrachte keinen Hinweis auf ein malignes Geschehen. Der Patient erholte sich gut von dem operativen Eingriff und konnte sieben Tage später entlassen werden. Diese Fallbeschreibung zeigt die Probleme auf, die bei der Differentialdiagnostik von entzündlichen und malignen Gallenblasenerkrankungen mit Beteiligung von angrenzenden Strukturen, insbesondere der Leber, bestehen. Trotz apparativer Untersuchungen wie Sonographie und Computertomogramm ist die letztendlich richtige Diagnose häufig nur intraoperativ zu stellen und erst dann die adäquate Therapie festlegbar. Chronische Entzündungen der Gallenblase können als solide Tumoren imponieren und dann als maligne Prozesse der Gallenblase und der angrenzenden Lebersegmente fehlinterpretiert werden.

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