Behavior of the hunting wasp Liris nigra V.d.L. (Hymenoptera, Larrinae) in particular or in unusual situations

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Nest Digging ◽  
Last Stage

On the average, a typical nesting cycle of this cricket-hunting wasp involves the following sequence of activities: nest digging—prey hunting and stinging (four stings are usually given)—malaxation of foreleg(s)—storage in nest—malaxation again, in nest—egg laying—nest closure.Many variations and unusual outcomes were observed, some mainly at particular stages of the life or nesting cycle of the wasp: nesting cycles with missing last stage(s) (early period of reproductive season and of daily cycle); abortive individual activities discontinued before completion (early stages of successive phases of nesting cycle); condensed nesting cycles, based on use of paralyzed crickets, nests of other Liris wasps (end of reproductive season).Other unusual behavior was observed in unusual situations or in case of interference. Various patchworks of response components were often performed, particularly in ambivalent or ambiguous contexts.Discussion of these unusual outcomes points to the possible importance of response, posture, and stimulus components or objects common to several nesting activities; of displacement activities; of changes in responsiveness of the wasp; and of stimulus situations that can vary in graded rather than discrete fashion.

scholarly journals Intertidal life: field observations on the clingfish Gobiesox barbatulus in southeastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago H. S Pires ◽  
Fernando Z Gibran
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Nocturnal Feeding ◽  
Particulate Feeding

The clingfish Gobiesox barbatulus shows nocturnal feeding activity, spending most part of the day stationary and adhered to the inferior part of stones. To feed, this species uses the sit-and-wait and particulate feeding tactics. It shows a carnivorous feeding habit mostly consuming small benthic crustaceans. It can move in two ways: (1) "stone-by-stone", sliding its ventral sucker disc across each stone and (2) "surf", when it takes advantage of the energy of the ebbing tide to quickly cross a distance up to four times its body length. Its reproductive season occurs between the end of spring and the beginning of summer, during which time it lays about 2,000 adhesive eggs of 1 mm each in a single layer under stones. It has more than one egg-laying session per reproductive season, therefore showing several different developmental stages. It performs fanning, mouthing and guarding of the eggs as forms of parental care. Data shown here also indicates that G. barbatulus has some shelter fidelity, being probably territorial.

Nucleation in silver azide: an investigation by electron microscopy and diffraction

1955 ◽  
Vol 229 (1176) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Silver Azide ◽  
Cubic Lattice ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Last Stage

The beam of an electron microscope has been used to decompose single crystals of silver azide into nitrogen and metallic silver. The decomposition was slow enough to allow electrondiffraction photographs and electron micrographs to be taken at various stages of the decomposition. From these observations it is possible to follow very closely the process of nucleation. The diffraction photographs show that two forms of silver result, one highly oriented and the other randomly oriented. The microscope identifies the two forms. The randomly oriented silver appears to separate at the boundaries of a substructure of the crystal. The highly oriented silver exists as discrete nuclei, of dimensions of the order 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.05p, probably formed near the surface of the silver azide crystal. The nuclei consist of normal metallic silver only at the end of the decomposition. There is no evidence for the formation in the early stages of a small speck of metallic silver which then grows. Rather, a nucleus is a region into which silver diffuses to build up a face-centred cubic lattice of parameter greater than that of normal silver, and which uses the silver positions in the silver azide lattice as the basis for this build-up. In the last stage a collapse to normal metallic silver takes place. During decomposition the size of a nucleus does not appear to change, but the density increases.

XXVI.—Observations on the Early Development of the Human Embryo

1925 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Human Embryo ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Individual

This memoir is based upon the study of three normal human embryos belonging to the period of development preceding the cleavage of the paraxial mesoderm into the primitive segments, as well as of certain abnormal specimens of the same early period which have yielded valuable corroborative data, but will not be described in detail. Well-preserved specimens belonging to these early stages are very rare, and our knowledge has been, and can only be, built up from the detailed descriptions of isolated cases by the individual observers into whose hands they happen to fall.

scholarly journals The nesting of Eurasian stone-curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) on the site 'Jaroš' in SNR 'Pašnjaci velike droplje' (Great Bustard Pastures)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Kristina Tepavac
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Great Bustard ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Reproductive Activities

In the reproductive season of 2018 a successful breeding of Stone curlew was recorded in the Special Nature Reserve "Pastures of Great Bustard" (Northern Serbia). Two breeding pairs with four chicks were monitored on the daily basis from April to late August 2018. Reproductive activities regarding nest site occupancy, egg laying, incubation, hatching, chick rearing as well as predator defensive behaviour was documented.

Lengyel-culture fortified settlements in Slovakia

Antiquity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (247) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Pavúk
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
The South ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Last Stage

The results of extensive investigations in Slovakia have shed considerable light on the problems of the emergence, development and cultural and chronological interconnections of the Neolithic Lengyel culture. This includes the economy and social structure of its bearers.Typological methods make it easy to demonstrate a local origin for the Lengyel culture, defining clearly its innovative component which was introduced from the south, from the sphere of the Vinča culture (Vinča B2/C1), then in the process of transformation, carried to the territory of the nascent Lengyel culture by the Sopot culture (S. Dimitrijevič 1968; Pavúk 1981a; Kalicz 1988). The Lengyel culture emerged on the base of the Želiezovce cultural group which gave birth to the earliest stage of the former culture – Proto-Lengyel – under impulses from and with participation of the Sopot culture. Such a fusion of local and foreign elements may well be demonstrated in pottery, especially in the development of its shapes and decoration. This process is accompanied by a major paradox: continuous development of pottery is contradicted by the discontinuity in settlement sites. Not a single site excavated either in Slovakia or in Hungary has yielded a settlement with material both from the last stage of the Želiezovce group and from the early stages of the Lengyel culture (the Bíňa-Bicske group, Lužianky, Lengyel I) which could constitute evidence for local evolution.

Circulatory disturbance of the spinal cord with epidural neoplasm in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amami Kato ◽  
Yukitaka Ushio ◽  
Toru Hayakawa ◽  
Kazuo Yamada ◽  
Hiroya Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Venous Plexus ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Axonal Swelling ◽  
Circulatory Disturbance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Spinal Epidural

✓ An experimental model of spinal epidural neoplasm was produced in rats by injecting Walker 256 carcinoma cell suspension anterior to the T12–13 vertebral body. With this model, spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and its response to CO2 inhalation were estimated by the carbon-14-antipyrine autoradiography and the hydrogen clearance methods. In the early stages after tumor implantation, weakness, axonal swelling, and edema of the white matter were observed, while both SCBF and its response to CO2 inhalation remained normal. In the next stage, the tumor invaded the spinal canal and compressed the spinal cord epidurally. The edema of the white matter progressed, while the gray matter was morphologically intact. The SCBF and its response to CO2 inhalation were altered at both the compression area and caudally in the spinal cord. Changes in response to CO2 inhalation appeared earlier than the SCBF decrease. In the last stage, the SCBF decreased rapidly to the critical level, producing irreversible nervous tissue damage. Microangiographic studies revealed extensive obliteration of the spinal epidural venous plexus and patency of the larger nutritional vessels. From the data obtained, the progressive vascular pathophysiology related to spinal epidural neoplasm is as follows: 1) the vertebral venous plexus is compressed and obliterated in the early stages of the disease, and vasogenic edema appears in the spinal cord; 2) as the tumor grows, mechanical compression of the spinal cord is added and the circulatory disturbance increases; and 3) in the last stage, SCBF decreases rapidly to a critical flow level, and the loss of cord function becomes irreversible.

scholarly journals Observations on the oviposition of Blythia reticulata (Blyth, 1854) with new distributional records from Mizoram State, NE India

Herpetozoa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Lal Biakzuala ◽  
Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga ◽  
Hrahsel Laltlanchhuaha ◽  
Binoy Kumar Barman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
New Information ◽  
Ne India ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
New Distribution

The poorly known semi-fossorial snake Blythia reticulata is a small, oviparous, worm-eating species found in northeastern India and neighboring countries. Here we report on multiple new distribution localities that extend the known geographic range of the species. In addition, we provide new information on the reproductive biology of the species based on egg-laying behavior data from a captive gravid B. reticulata from Mizoram. The simultaneous presence of a second clutch of eight eggs in the oviduct of the female indicates the capacity of the species to exhibit multiple matings and egg clutches during a single reproductive season.

scholarly journals Self-report on the occurrence of insomnia and the habit of taking multivitamins against academic stress among students in the early period of COVID-19 pandemic

Konselor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Wahyu Eka Prasetyaningtyas ◽  
Wa Ode Lili Andriani Nasri ◽  
Berru Amalianita
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Model ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Learning Stress ◽  
Bayesian Anova

This study intends to determine the occurrence of insomnia and the habit of taking multivitamins against learning stress among students during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Data were obtained in two times from 308 students in East Jakarta, Indonesia, applying a descriptive quantitative approach through the Rasch Model and inferential statistics via the Bayesian Anova. The result showed that the use of multivitamins and the existence of insomnia have been proved to be linked to the incident of stress among students during the early periods of the pandemic. Although the use of multivitamins is helpful to minimize stress, students consuming this commodity are likely to experience by stress up to 40 times higher than those that experience in insomnia. This condition becomes higher assuming the students, in addition to having insomnia, are also not accustomed to receiving multivitamins. The implications of this study, including considerations for better investigation of this issue, have been discussed and concluded.

scholarly journals Influence of infectious factors on changes in hormonal indicators in women in the early period of miscarriage

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1329-1335
Author(s):  
Muхitdinova Kamola Oybekovna ◽  
Aleinik Vladimir Aleхseevich ◽  
Babich Svetlana Mihaylovna ◽  
Negmatshaeva Xabiba Nabievna ◽  
Zhuraeva Mohigul Azimovna
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Genitourinary System ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response

The work studied the influence of infectious factors on changes in immunological and hormonal parameters in women who have a full pregnancy without infections of the genitourinary system and women with an infection of the genitourinary system and have miscarriages in the early stages of up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. It was concluded that in women in early pregnancy, the presence of infections of the genitourinary system, with insufficient corrective effect of protease inhibitors and TGF-?1. The formation of a pronounced pro-inflammatory immune response is possible, which can contribute to an imbalance of sex hormones. It manifests itself in a slight decrease in prolactin, FSH, LH, but at the same time a pronounced and reliable decrease in the value of progesterone and an increase in the level of estradiol. Thus, all this can contribute to the unfavorable course of early pregnancy and the development of miscarriages.

scholarly journals Evaluation of choroidal thickness and anatomical and optical parameters of the eye in the early period after orthokeratology myopia correction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
S. V. Milash ◽  
E. P. Tarutta ◽  
M. V. Epishina ◽  
G. A. Markossian ◽  
K. A. Ramazanova
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: to evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and other anatomical parameters of the eye in the early stages after orthokeratological correction of myopia. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 20 myopic Caucasian patients (40 eyes) with moderate myopia. The main group consisted of 10 children with myopia -4.5 ± 1.03 D aged 11 ± 2.26 years, who were examined before the correction with orthokeratological lenses (OK-lenses) ESA-DL (Dr Lens Tehno, Russia) and 3 weeks after it. The control group comprised 10 patients (20 eyes) with myopia -3.84 ± 1.12 D aged 11.6 ± 1.17 years, who wore monofocal glasses as a correction. SFCT was measured with RS-3000 Advance optical coherent tomograph (OCT) (Nidek, Japan), while axial length (AL), peripheral eye length (PEL), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured with IOL Master 500 optical biometer (Carl Zeiss, Germany), and central cornea thickness (CCT), epithelial thickness (ET) and corneal stroma (ST) thickness, with OCT Avanti Rtvue XR (Optovue, USA). All patients were tested before and 3 weeks after the start of wearing lenses or glasses. Results. SFCF increased by 24.25 ± 19 μm as compared with changes in the control group (p < 0.001) after 3 weeks of wearing OK-lenses. A notable negative correlation of changes in AL and SFCT was revealed in the main group (r = -0.48). CCT decreased by 14.6 ± 2.54 μm in the group wearing OKlenses. The main OK-lens contribution to the statistically significant change in the CCT concerned the epithelium, whose thickness showed a 12.7 ± 1.58 μm (22.6 %) change as compared with the initial data (p < 0.001) and with the change in the control group (p < 0.001). The decrease in AL showed an insignificant correlation with the decrease in the CCT: r = 0.16. ACD, PEL and ST did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Conclusion. SFCT shows an increase in the early stages after OK correction. When controlling the growth of the eye in patients with OK lenses, we need to take into account the impact of the choroid on the results of AL measurement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document