Photoperiodic activity changes in juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Active Response ◽  
Activity Rhythms

Spontaneous locomotor activity was studied in juvenile sockeye salmon under controlled environmental conditions (LD 9.5:14.5 or 12:12; 5 °C; 0.1–34.4 lux). Siblings were hatched in activity chambers and swimming movements were monitored with an ultrasonic system for 11 months. The experiments gave evidence of a bimodal activity rhythm in sockeye fry immediately after hatching. The bimodal, dark-active pattern persisted until 9 days after the fish emerged from the gravel. The photobehavioral response was reversed and the fish expressed a unimodal, light-active pattern 10–14 days after first emergence. This light-active response was then maintained for 11 months.The possible interrelationships between age, photobehavioral response, and activity rhythms underlying the sockeye fry migrations to nursery lakes are discussed.

Locomotor activity responses in juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, to melatonin and serotonin

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Selective Activity

Intraperitoneal injections administered for 3 consecutive days to juvenile sockeye salmon resulted in selective activity responses to either the light or the dark phase of the photoperiodic cycle. Serotonin increased locomotor activity only during the dark phase, while melatonin decreased locomotor activity only during the light phase.

SPONTANEOUS LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN ARCTIC CHARR MEASURED BY A COMPUTERIZED IMAGING TECHNIQUE: ROLE OF BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY

1993 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Winberg ◽  
G. E. Nilsson ◽  
B. M. Spruijt ◽  
U. Hoglund
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Analysis System

Using a computerized video-image analysis system, spontaneous locomotor activity was measured in dominant and subordinate individuals of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and in individuals treated with inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and re-uptake. Arctic charr were put together in pairs. After 1 week, subordinate individuals were found to have elevated brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a major 5-HT metabolite, suggesting an increase in serotonergic activity. The subordinate individuals had significantly lower spontaneous locomotor activity than the dominant fish. Similarly, Arctic charr displayed a significantly reduced locomotor activity when their serotonergic activity was stimulated by the specific 5- HT re-uptake inhibitor zimeldine. In contrast, fish treated with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine showed a significant increase in locomotor activity. Dominant, subordinate and pharmacologically treated fish all had very similar activity rhythms for the 18 h test period. Thus, neither the previous social experience nor the pharmacological treatment seemed to affect the diurnal activity rhythm per se. Taken together, these results suggest that the brain serotonergic system inhibits locomotor activity and support the possibility that 5-HT is involved in the inhibition of locomotor activity displayed by subordinate fish.

Simulation Studies of the Adams River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Model System ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Predator Removal

The pattern of abundance of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of the Adams River since 1938 is: 1 year large or "dominant," 1 year small or "subdominant," and 2 years very small or "off." In recent years, the subdominant run has shown indications of becoming as large as the dominant. This pattern can be accounted for by a model system in which predation is not sufficient to influence the dominant run, but predators, benefited by the abundance of prey, remove such a large fraction in the 3 succeeding years that the pattern is retained. Buffering of predation by the dominant run accounts for the larger size of the subdominant. Patterns similar in form to those observed naturally since 1922 are produced over a narrow range of parameters, and suggest that the particular circumstances of the Adams run are necessary to the nature of the population fluctuation, but are not so particular that some other pattern could not have emerged with a different sequence of environmental conditions. Taking an array of results of a series of simulations suggests that the odds of developing the existing pattern were about 50:50, although the subdominant run would more commonly become dominant as well by 1951, rather than as late as the 1960's. The double dominance situation is stable in the model system. In the present circumstances it seems appropriate to explore the possible benefits of managing the fishery so as to enhance the growth in size of the subdominant run, and perhaps to consider predator-removal programs to enable development of large runs on all 4 years of the traditional cycle.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Circadian Rhythmicity and Photoperiodism in Closely Related Species of Blow Flies: External Coincidence, Maternal Induction, and Diapause at Northern Latitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110544
Author(s):  
David Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Photoperiodic Induction ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Diapause Incidence

This review compares adult locomotor activity rhythms and photoperiodic induction of diapause in 3 common species of blow fly, Calliphora vicina, Lucilia sericata, and Protophormia terraenovae. Activity rhythms were broadly similar in all 3 species, although P. terraenovae is much less sensitive to constant light inducing arrhythmicity. Photoperiodic induction of diapause, on the other hand, varies more widely between species. C. vicina and L. sericata overwinter in a larval diapause induced by autumnal short days (long nights) acting both maternally and directly upon the larvae. P. terraenovae, on the other hand, shows an adult (reproductive) diapause induced by short daylength and low temperature experienced by the larvae. In the Nanda-Hamner protocol, C. vicina shows 3 clear peaks of high diapause incidence in cycle lengths close to 24, 48, and 72 h, without dampening and therefore suggesting a photoperiodic mechanism based on a self-sustained circadian oscillator acting in a clock of the external coincidence type. Entrainment of the locomotor activity rhythm to extended Nanda-Hamner photocycles, as well as to LD cycles close to the limits of the primary range of entrainment, demonstrates that overt circadian rhythmicity may act as ‘hands’ of the otherwise covert photoperiodic system, as suggested by Bünning, nearly 8 decades ago. In 24 h LD cycles, both locomotor activity rhythms and the photoperiodic oscillator are set to constant phase (CT 12) at light-off, so that the photoperiodic clock measures changes in nightlength by the coincidence (or not) of dawn light with a ‘photoinducible phase’ late in the subjective night (at about CT 21.5 h) as photoperiod changes with the seasons. Apparent differences between quantitative and qualitative photoperiodic responses are discussed.

scholarly journals Intraspecific differences in endurance swim performance and cardiac size in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) parr tested at three temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Eliason ◽  
M.K. Gale ◽  
C.K. Whitney ◽  
A. Lotto ◽  
S.G. Hinch
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Swim Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Common Laboratory

Pacific salmon encounter widely varying environmental conditions across populations. Performance traits and environmental tolerance limits are predicted to be related to the typical abiotic and biotic conditions encountered by each population. Endurance swim performance at three different temperatures (8, 12, 22 °C) was compared across nine populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)) parr from British Columbia, Canada, reared in a common laboratory environment. In addition, relative ventricular mass (RVM) was compared between good and poor performers from each population. Populations significantly differed in endurance swim performance and these differences were related to the natal lake environment. Specifically, parr populations that reside in warm, shallow lakes (Okanagan, Scotch, and Stellako) had superior swim performance at 12 °C compared with 8 °C. All other populations from deeper, cooler lakes had equivalent swim performance at 8 and 12 °C. Individual variability in swim performance within a population was not due to differences in cardiac size. Similarly, RVM did not vary across parr populations, suggesting that population differences in swim performance were not associated with cardiac size. This study provides further support that sockeye salmon parr are locally adapted to their environmental conditions.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River
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