scholarly journals Natural salt licks as a part of the ecology of the mountain goat

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Hebert ◽  
I. McTaggart Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Mountain Goat ◽  
Trench Area

Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) occupying the Rocky Mountain Trench area of southeastern British Columbia use natural earth licks in the spring (males) and early summer (females). Analysis of range vegetation reveals a low sodium content (mean about 0.004% dry weight). Despite low sodium intake from feed, blood sodium values were normal (m = 150.8 meq/liter). Loss of sodium via the fecal route increases abruptly in the spring. This period of increased loss corresponds with the lime of use of the natural licks. Mineral constituents of the licks were Ca (1050–85 000 ppm), P (0–25 ppm), and Na (115–5500 ppm). Each animal visited the lick but once during the summer and did so despite increased exposure to hazards of predation. Despite the low soil sodium content the inference is that the goats are eating the earth to compensate for Na deficiency.

Reproductive success in female mountain goats

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2956-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Mountain Goat

Kid production by marked females, age ratios from a 24-year study, and the literature are used to evaluate hypotheses that three intrinsic and three extrinsic factors affect reproduction by female Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus). On Sheep Mountain – Gladstone Ridge, Colorado, mountain goat age ratios declined while the herd grew during 1966–1979, and continued to decline with population stability during 1980–1989, suggesting a continued increase in ecological density of goats 39 years after they were introduced in 1950. Among intrinsic factors, age and persisting individual characteristics have influenced reproductive success of females. Reproductive success in any year has not limited success in the following year, except in 4-year-olds. Among extrinsic factors, reproductive success of female mountain goats has been negatively influenced by density or ecological density and by snowpack during gestation. Reproductive success of females may have been positively influenced by snowpack that enhanced forage conditions prior to breeding. The relative importance of these six factors in determining reproductive success of females may vary among and (temporally) within herds. Most hypotheses regarding reproductive success in female mountain goats remain poorly tested. Short-term observational studies hold little promise for testing hypotheses, owing to large among-years variation in reproductive success. Long-term, intensive observational studies, or manipulative experiments, are suggested.

Glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium levels in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep and mountain goats

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2493-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Samson ◽  
Jon T. Jorgenson ◽  
W. D. Wishart
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Mountain Goat

Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were determined in the blood of wild and captive herds of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), as well as in one wild mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) herd. No significant relationship was established between blood selenium and GSH-Px activity for individual herds of bighorns, but when all herds were pooled, selenium was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with GSH-Px. The hypothesis that bighorn sheep would exhibit higher GSH-Px activity per unit of blood selenium than domestic cattle was not supported. One bighorn population had blood selenium levels below those considered deficient in domestic sheep, yet exhibited no clinical signs of selenium deficiency. A blood selenium by GSH-Px relationship did not exist for the single mountain goat herd sampled. The seven blood samples collected from mountain goats did not differ from those from bighorn sheep in their GSH-Px activity relative to blood selenium levels.

Resource limitation in mountain goats: a test by experimental cropping

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Houston ◽  
V. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
National Park ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Olympic National Park ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Mountain Goat

Changes are reported in the population dynamics and physical condition of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) following a reduction in their density at Olympic National Park, Washington, U.S.A. The goat population showed density-dependent responses in initial breeding ages and in litter size. Production and recruitment of kids were more variable at high densities, and these population attributes may show nonlinear density dependence. These shifts in dynamics were associated with increases in live weights and, possibly, in fat reserves. The density dependence shown was insufficient to compensate for removals that approximated the initial production of young, and goat numbers declined precipitously. The implications of these relationships to mountain goat ecology are examined.

Effect of Chronic Hemorrhage on Urinary Aldosterone-Like Activity and Sodium Excretion in Dogs

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jay Goodkind ◽  
Wilmot C. Ball ◽  
James O. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Renal Sodium Excretion

Chronic hemorrhage in normal dogs resulted in increased urinary aldosterone-like activity and a reduction in renal sodium excretion which was approximately equivalent to the sodium content of the blood removed. Glomerular filtration rate either increased or did not change. A comparable increase in aldosterone-like activity was observed in urine from normal dogs fed a low sodium diet equivalent to the net sodium intake of dogs subjected to hemorrhage.

Management and breeding of the Rocky Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus at Woodland Park Zoo

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL HUTCHINS ◽  
GREGG THOMPSON ◽  
BARBARA SLEEPER ◽  
JAMES W. FOSTER
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Mountain Goat

scholarly journals Sodium Content of Foods Sold in the Spanish Market. Results from the BADALI Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3410
Author(s):  
Marta Beltrá ◽  
Fernando Borrás ◽  
Ana B. Ropero
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Pan American

High sodium/salt intake is a risk factor for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Excess sodium intake has been associated with high coronary heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure. The sodium daily intake is above the recommendations in the world as well as in Spain. Reducing salt content in processed foods and ready meals is one of the main strategies for reducing sodium intake. The aim of the present work is to characterise the presence of sodium in foods sold in the Spanish market. We also study a possible shift in sodium content in products over the last few years. For this purpose, 3897 products included in the BADALI food database were analysed, classified into 16 groups (G). We found that 93.3% of all foods displayed the sodium/salt content in the nutrition declaration. Meat—processed and derivatives (G8) had the highest mean and median values for sodium content, followed by snacks (G15) and sauces (G14). Only 12.7% of foods were sodium-free (≤ 5 mg/100 g or 100 mL), 32.4% had very low sodium (≤ 40 mg/100 g or 100 mL) and 48.2% were low in sodium (≤ 120 mg/100 g or 100 mL). On the contrary, 47.2% were high in sodium according to the Pan American Health Organisation Nutrient Profile Model (PAHO-NPM), while there were 31.9% according to the Chile-NPM. The agreement between the two NPMs was considered ‘substantial’ (κ = 0.67). When sodium content was compared over the years, no decrease was observed. This analysis was performed in the entire food population, by food group and in matched products. Therefore, more effort should be made by all parties involved in order to decrease the sodium/salt intake in the population.

scholarly journals FatalCaprine arthritis encephalitis virus–like infection in 4 Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Patton ◽  
Robert J. Bildfell ◽  
Mark L. Anderson ◽  
Christopher K. Cebra ◽  
Beth A. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Mountain Goats

scholarly journals Does reduced heterozygosity influence dispersal? A test using spatially structured populations in an alpine ungulate

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron B. A. Shafer ◽  
Jocelyn Poissant ◽  
Steeve D. Côté ◽  
David W. Coltman
Keyword(s):  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Mountain Goat

Despite having a profound effect on population dynamics, the reasons that animals disperse are poorly understood. Evolutionary explanations have focused on inbreeding and competition, where the potential cost of philopatry is negated through dispersal. Such scenarios lead to the prediction that less successful individuals preferentially disperse, termed ‘fitness-associated dispersal’. Since heterozygosity is associated with fitness, we assessed whether dispersed animals had less observed heterozygosity ( H O ) than residents. We tested this prediction using both genetic and population-monitoring data of mountain goats ( Oreamnos americanus ). Individuals classified as dispersers through cross-assignment had the lowest mean H O , followed by residents, and then admixed individuals. Dispersed individuals had 6.3 per cent less H O than their subpopulation of origin. In the long-term study of the mountain goat herd at Caw Ridge, Alberta, immigrants had the lowest H O ; however, the opposite pattern was seen in emigrants, which may be related to density dependence. This study is the first to provide empirical evidence that heterozygosity is associated with dispersal.

The intake and excretion of sodium by sheep fed on species of Atriplex (Saltbush) and Kochia (Bluebush)

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sodium Chloride Intake ◽  
Total Water Intake

Penned sheep were fed ad libitum on the fresh leaves of various species of Atriplex and Kochia,and records were made of the intake and excretion of sodium by these sheep. The sodium content of the diets varied from 3.2 to 8.2% of the dry weight, the higher values being recorded in summer and the lower values in winter. The sodium intakes of the sheep varied from 25 to 97 g/day. Most of this sodium was excreted in the urine at concentrations up to 500 m-equiv./l. The voluntary water consumption of these sheep was related to the sodium intake, such that the ratio of sodium chloride intake to total water intake was within the range 1.82 to 2.17%. Voluntary water intakes varied up to 11.3 l./day. The food intake of A. nummularia decreased to less than half when the drinking water was replaced by water containing 0.9 or 1.2% sodium chloride.

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