The life histories of some Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera in a southern Ontario stream

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Coleman ◽  
H. B. N. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Flight Season

The life cycles of 4 species of stonefly and 11 of mayfly are described, based upon the flight season of the adults and measurements of nymphs collected at all seasons from the Speed River. It is shown that they fit into all but one of the categories of life cycle that have been described for stream insects in Europe, and that where more than one species of the same genus coexist there is usually a marked difference in the timing of their life histories.

Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Partial Migration ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
Species Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle Pattern ◽  
Aquatic Sciences ◽  
Diversity Of Life

<em>Abstract</em>.-In the study of species life histories and the structure of diadromous populations, an emerging trend is the prevalence of life cycle diversity-that is, individuals within populations that do not conform to a single life cycle pattern. A rapid rise in publications documenting within-population variability in life cycles has resulted in the use of numerous terms and phrases. We argue that myriad terms specific to taxa, ecosystem types, and applications are in fact describing the same phenomenon-life cycle diversity. This phenomenon has been obscured by the use of multiple terms across applications, but also by the overuse of typologies (i.e., anadromy, catadromy) that fail to convey the extent of life cycle variations that underlay population, metapopulation, and species dynamics. To illustrate this, we review migration and habitat-use terms that have been used to describe life cycles and life cycle variation. Using a citation index (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts © Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts), terms were tallied across taxonomic family, ecosystem, type of application, analytical approach, and country of study. Studies on life cycle diversity have increased threefold during the past 15 years, with a total of 336 papers identified in this review. Most of the 40 terms we identified described either sedentary or migratory lifetime behaviors. The sedentary-migratory dichotomy fits well with the phenomenon of partial migration, which has been commonly reported for birds and Salmonidae and is postulated to be the result of early life thresholds (switch-points). On the other hand, the lexicon supports alternate modes of migration, beyond the simple sedentary-migratory dichotomy. Here more elaborate causal mechanisms such as the entrainment hypothesis may have application. Diversity of life cycles in fish populations, whether due to partial migration, entrainment, or other mechanisms, is increasingly recognized as having the effect of offsetting environmental stochasticity and contributing to long-term persistence.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

Life History Studies on Trematodes of the Subfamily Reniferinae

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Benton Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Remarkable Similarity ◽  
Physella Gyrina ◽  
Mother Sporocyst

1. The life histories of Lechriorchis primus Stafford, L. tygarti n.sp. and Caudorchis eurinus n.gen. et sp. have been experimentally completed in three hosts, the first complete life histories to be worked out for species of the subfamily Reniferinae.2. The definitive hosts of the three forms were found to be two species of garter snakes, Thamnophis sauritus and T. sirtalis.3. Three species of snails, Physella gyrina, P. parkeri, and P. ancillaria, have been found to serve as the first intermediate host in the life cycles of Lechriorchis primus and Caudorchis eurinus n.gen. et sp., and two species of snails, Physella gyrina and P. heterostropha, in the life cycle of Lechriorchis tygarti n.sp.4. The tadpoles of two species of frogs, Rana clamitans and R. pipiens, were found to serve as the second intermediate hosts in the life cycles of all three trematodes. The cercariae penetrate larvae of Triturus and small fish, but live only a short time in these animals.5. Every stage in the life history of Lechriorchis primus, including egg, miracidium, mother sporocyst, daughter sporocyst, cercaria, metacercaria, and developmental stages in the definitive host, has been described in detail.6. The mother sporocyst of forms having a stylet cercaria is described for the first time.7. The flame cell pattern of the cercariae of L. primus, L. tygarti n.sp., and Caudorchis eurinus n.gen. et sp. has been determined to be of the “2 × 6 × 3’ type. Also the adult stage of C. eurinus was determined to have the same type.8. It has been pointed out that the life histories of the members of the subfamily are uniform in that their life history stages display a remarkable similarity.9. It has been suggested that this uniform type of life cycle and remarkable similarity of larval stages offer the most logical basis for establishing the subfamily Reniferinae as a natural group.

Euphausiid life cycles and distribution around South Georgia

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ward ◽  
Angus Atkinson ◽  
Julie M. Peck ◽  
Andrew G. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
The North ◽  
One Year

Euphausiid life histories and distribution in the vicinity of South Georgia were studied from a series of samples taken in April 1980, November–December 1981, and July–August 1983. Size frequency data indicated a two-year life cycle for Euphausia frigida and the possibility of a three-year cycle for E. triacantha. The genus Thysanoessa was represented by a mixture of T. macrura and the dominant T. vicina. A one-year life cycle is proposed for the latter but that of the former is unknown. Spawning in E. frigida and to a lesser extent Thysanoessa spp. commenced as early as July and euphausiid calyptopes were a feature of the plankton for much of the year. E. superba eggs were found in low abundance over the shelf to the north of the island, but no hatched larvae were found. Behaviour patterns such as diurnal and seasonal migration partially confounded attempts to relate euphausiid distribution to environmental features. However calyptopes of most species, were generally more abundant in oceanic water deeper than 500 m and there was limited evidence that in August, E. frigida had commenced spawning in the colder part of the survey area.

Three-Dimensional Distribution of Winter Stonefly Nymphs, Allocapnia pygmaea, within the Substrate of a Southern Ontario River

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1812-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W. Pugsley ◽  
H. B. N. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Summer Diapause ◽  
Dimensional Distribution

Changes in the three-dimensional distribution patterns of stonefly nymphs, Allocapnia pygmaea, beneath the streambed in the Speed River, southern Ontario, were monitored throughout their 1-yr life cycle using 270 colonization chambers. These were filled with organism-free, sieved stream gravel and buried in vertical groups of three, at three depth intervals, in three trenches positioned across a riffle. Nymphs were present throughout the year. Seasonal changes in the distribution pattern of nymphs indicated that they were able to move beneath the streambed in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Nymphs were most abundant at depth during the summer diapause, but moved up to the surface once diapause had been broken in the autumn. There was no evidence of any bankwards migration of nymphs prior to emergence. We have therefore confirmed in detail previous suggestions that stream insects move freely into and out of the hyporheic, using it as a refuge from adverse conditions on the streambed. Stream ecologists should therefore be aware of the possibilities of movement to and from the hyporheic when working with benthic invertebrates.

THE LIFE CYCLES OF SOME STREAM INSECTS (EPHEMEROPTERA, PLECOPTERA) IN ALBERTA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Radford ◽  
R. Hartland-Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Ecological Separation

AbstractThe life histories of Nemoura besametsa, Epeorus deceptivus, Epeorus longimanus, and Ephemerella coloradensis are described as "fast seasonal" types and Arcynopteryx aurea, Nemoura cinctipes, Nemoura columbiana, Nemoura oregonensis, Cinygmula ramaleyi, Ephemerella doddsi, and Rhithrogena doddsi as "slow seasonal" types according to Hynes’ (1961) classification. All of the species are univoltine with the exception of N. cinctipes which may be bivoltine. There seems to be a correlation between life cycles and food availability. A means of ecological separation in the four Nemoura species is elucidated. Stream temperature was found to influence growth rates.

scholarly journals Scorpion body size, litter characteristics, and duration of the life cycle (Scorpiones)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
Julián Monge Nájera
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

There are no studies that quantitatively compare life histories among scorpion species. Statistical procedures applied to 94 scorpion species indicate that those with larger bodies do not necessarily have larger litters or longer life cycles, opposite to some theoretical predictions. 

scholarly journals Scorpion Body Size, Litter Characteristics, and Duration of the Life Cycle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Monge-Najera
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

There are no studies that quantitatively compare life histories among scorpion species. Statistical procedures applied to 94 scorpion species indicate that those with larger bodies do not necessarily have larger litters or longer life cycles, opposite to some theoretical predictions.

Life histories of some Benthic invetebrates form streams of the Northern Jarrah Forest, Western Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
High Degree

Life history patterns of thirteen species of invertebrates from streams of the northern jarrah forest were examined over a 1-year period. Five species had univoltine cycles with a single cohort and demonstrated a high degree of synchrony of larval development and a restricted period of adult emergence. Two species of Leptophlebiidae also had univoltine cycles but showed the more typical pattern of Australian mayflies, with extended recruitment, multiple overlapping cohorts and a long period of adult emergence. Uroctena sp., a small gammarid, had a generation time of 1 year but showed considerable spatial variation in the degree of synchrony of development. This appeared to be a result of differences in the constancy of stream discharge and was not attributable to differences in the temperature regime of the streams. At least three species demonstrated cohort splitting which resulted in an apparently bivoltine cycle. A life-history pattern of alternating long and short development times is described which, on average, would produce two generations every 3 years. This is considered to be a highly adaptive strategy for Australian stream insects with slow life cycles and can explain the extended periods of recruitment and adult emergence so often observed. Streams of the northern jarrah forest are depauperate compared with other Australian streams, despite predictable temperature and discharge regimes. The insular nature of the south-west Bassian region and its long period of isolation may be the principle cause of this reduced diversity. The invertebrate community of these streams is simple in structure and has a high degree of seasonality that is atypical of the temperate streams of Australia and New Zealand.

Life cycles, microdistribution, and food of two species of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in a wooded stream in Southern Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2582-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Singh ◽  
S. M. Smith ◽  
A. D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
First Instar

Accounts of life histories, microdistributions, and food of Rhyacophila minor and Wormaldia moesta (Trichoptera) inhabiting a headwater stream in Ontario are presented. Rhyacophila minor is a caseless predator and W. moesta is a net-spinning filter feeder. First-instar larvae of W. moesta inhabited the stream longer than those of R. minor. The other instars of W. moesta grew rapidly and those of R. minor grew slowly. Pupae of both species showed a tendency to aggregate on bare stones. Both species were univoltine and water temperature is hypothesized to be an important factor regulating growth and voltinism. Wormaldia moesta was patchily and R. minor more uniformaly distributed in the stream. Rhyacophila minor preferred moss-covered stones whereas W. moesta preferred bare stones; however, these preferences changed with season and larval instar and are attributed partially to changing physical conditions in the stream. Although R. minor is primarily carnivorous, the early instars fed extensively on plant material; this behavior is attributed partly to their inability to prey and partly to the abundance of plant-food resources. Wormaldia moesta fed primarily on detritus; it may supplement the diet by grazing on diatoms when the seston is in low supply.

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