Adrenal weights in relation to reproductive status in the pika, Ochotona princeps (Richardson)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Ochotona Princeps ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Relative weights of adrenal glands (mg per 100 g body wt.) of 301 pikas from southwestern Alberta were examined in relation to season, sex, age, and reproductive status. Significant enlargement of adrenal glands was found only in adult females and was associated with pregnancy and lactation.

scholarly journals Perilaku Harian Monyet Hitam Sulawesi (Macaca nigra) pada Masa Kebuntingan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko-Batuangus, Sulawesi Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
ANDRE PASETHA ◽  
DYAH PERWITASARI FARAJALLAH ◽  
. GHOLIB
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
International Union ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Macaca Nigra ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Crested macaque (Macaca nigra), one of the seven endemic primates in Sulawesi is the most endangered macaque species that has been categorized as critically endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, almost nothing is known about the reproductive biology in associated with the behavioral during pregnancy. The data is important to support a management and breeding programs such as pregnancy diagnostic and conservation program in this species. The research aimed was to study the behavior of the crested macaques during pregnancy. Observations were performed on the 10 adult females of the group of Rambo 1 (R1) which has been habituated at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi. Behavioral data were collected using focal animal sampling and recorded using instantanaeous sampling on females during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and after parturition (lactation). During five months observations, a total of 393.63 observation hours were recorded. The results showed that daily activities of the M. nigra during menstrual cycling were dominated by feeding (26.60%), foraging (15.95%), and locomotion (16.16%). Daily activities during pregnancy was dominated by feeding (27.03%), foraging (16.37%), and resting (13.45%), whereas after parturition (lactation) period is dominated by resting (26.12%), foraging (19.51%), and feeding (14.98%). The resting was the most activity in the end of pregnancy and few day after parturition. The diets were collected successfully composed of the fruits (34 species), arthropods (3 species, 2 families, 4 orders), fungi (4 genus), and plants (5 species). Climate was influenced on the composition of the diet, especially on fruit and arthropods. In conclusion, the activity budgets were different during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and lactation, especially feeding, foraging, locomotion, and resting. 

Roosting behaviour and roost selection of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in rock crevices in southeastern Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cori L Lausen ◽  
Robert M.R Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Eptesicus Fuscus ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Big Brown Bats ◽  
Roost Selection ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Saskatchewan River ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Selection Of

We studied big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in rock crevices along the South Saskatchewan River in southeastern Alberta. We documented roosting behaviour and roost selection. During pregnancy and lactation, individuals aggregated as several small groups or one large group (maternity colony). Postlactating females roosted alone more frequently. During postlactation, individuals periodically returned to roost with a group dominated by pups, between periods of roosting alone. We identified 72 roosts used by members of the colony. Adult females switched roosts frequently and few roosts (24%) were reused. During pregnancy and lactation, the colony roosted in a 1.25-km length of the river valley on the northwest side of the river. With the onset of postlactation, females began roosting on both sides of the river and within a longer section of the river valley, and roosts faced in a more southerly direction. Crevices selected as roosts were more vertical in orientation, were farther from level ground above, and had openings that were smaller than those randomly available. Roosts used during pregnancy, lactation, and postlactation differed in physical attributes; lactation roosts were deeper and had larger openings. Selection of crevices with particular attributes suggested that selection was based on microclimate and avoidance of predation.

Costs of reproduction in female moose (Alces alces) as measured by means of phenotypic correlations

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Sand
Keyword(s):  
Alces Alces ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
Costs Of Reproduction ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
Reproductive Category

The costs of pregnancy and lactation in terms of subsequent body growth and fecundity were studied by comparing different reproductive categories of Swedish female moose (Alces alces) during 1989-1992. Non-reproducing females and females that experienced gestation but not lactation were significantly heavier than females in the same reproductive category prior to reproduction. Production of one offspring and subsequent lactation during the summer and early autumn were also associated with an average annual increase in carcass mass, although this was less pronounced than in females that only experienced gestation. By contrast, production of two offspring and successful rearing of both to the autumn resulted, on average, in a reduction of carcass mass (7%) relative to that of females in the same reproductive category prior to reproduction. In female moose, while body growth was affected by the costs of lactation, future fecundity was not. Instead, future fecundity was related most strongly to the number of offspring produced during the current year. This positive association could not be attributed to variation in individual quality in terms of age or carcass mass. The ultimate consequences of reproduction in female moose seem to strongly influence the patterns of growth: adult females will alternate between gain and loss of body mass among years, depending on the number of offspring produced and successfully reared through the lactation phase.

Characterization of big stanniocalcin variants in mammalian adipocytes and adrenocortical cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. E197-E205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Paciga ◽  
Edward R. Hirvi ◽  
Kathi James ◽  
Graham F. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Steroidogenic Cells ◽  
Adipose Cells ◽  
Made In

The hormone stanniocalcin (STC) is widely distributed, and in rodents the highest levels of expression are in the ovaries. In both cows and rodents, ovarian STC consists of three high-molecular-weight variants collectively known as big STC. In the ovary, big STC is made by theca cells and interstitial cells and is targeted to lipid storage droplets of nearby luteal cells to inhibit progesterone release. An endocrine pathway is operative during pregnancy and lactation. Whether or not big STC is made by tissues other than ovary has never been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine via a detailed characterization of adrenal glands and adipocytes whether big STC is present in other cells that store and release lipids. The results showed that STC was made in bovine and mouse adrenals, mainly in steroidogenic, adrenocortical cells. The majority of ligand and receptor were likewise confined to cortical zone cells. As in luteal cells, high levels of ligand and receptor were found in the adrenocortical cell lipid droplet fraction. However, adrenals made only the largest (135 kDa) of the three big STC variants. Nonetheless, adrenal STC had much greater receptor affinity than a mixture of the three big STC variants. Adipocytes contained all three big STC variants, and both ligand and receptor were heavily concentrated on the lipid droplets. Moreover, adipocyte lipid storage droplets had 50-fold more receptors than those in steroidogenic cells, indicating that big STC is heavily targeted to adipose cells. The findings collectively support the hypothesis that big STC is not unique to ovarian steroidogenic cells but is in fact common to cells with a role in lipid storage and release.

Changes associated with pregnancy and lactation in some extra–reproductive organs of the ewe

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Fell ◽  
Rosa M. Campbell ◽  
W. S. Mackie ◽  
T. E. C. Weekes
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYThe food intake, the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, and of nitrogen were measured in housed Blackface ewes during late pregnancy, lactation, and after the lambs were weaned. The ewes were slaughtered serially together with non-breeding controls, and the liver, ruminal mucosa, intestines, CNS and carcass were weighed. In association with differing reproductive status marked changes occurred in the content of dry matter and protein in the alimentary organs, but not in the CNS, and the mean weight of DNA in the CNS for all the animals was 130 ± 20 (S.D.) mg.All of the alimentary organs became hypertrophied during lactation, and regressed after weaning. Maximum values for the liver and ruminal mucosa occurred in the sixth week of lactation, and were maintained until weaning. The small intestine reached maximum weight after 4 weeks of lactation.

Fusion and Fission Processes in Exocytosis: Possible Roles for Synexin and Osmotic Lysis in the Two Events

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
H.B. Pollard ◽  
C.E. Creutz ◽  
C.J. Pazoles ◽  
J.H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Granule Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Lysis ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Exocytosis is a general concept describing secretion of enzymes, hormones and transmitters that are otherwise sequestered in intracellular granules. Chemical evidence for this concept was first gathered from studies on chromaffin cells in perfused adrenal glands, in which it was found that granule contents, including both large protein and small molecules such as adrenaline and ATP, were released together while the granule membrane was retained in the cell. A number of exhaustive reviews of this early work have been published and are summarized in Reference 1. The critical experiments demonstrating the importance of extracellular calcium for exocytosis per se were also first performed in this system (2,3), further indicating the substantial service given by chromaffin cells to those interested in secretory phenomena over the years.

EFFECT OF METRAZOL-SHOCK ON ADRENAL GLANDS

1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271
Author(s):  
A. PEKKARINEN ◽  
H. HAKALA ◽  
K. HYPPÖNEN
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands

THE »EARLY-ANDROGEN« SYNDROME; ITS DEVELOPMENT AND THE RESPONSE TO HEMI-SPAYING

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Swanson ◽  
J. J. van der Werff ten Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Transition Stage ◽  
Adult Females

ABSTRACT The »early-androgen« syndrome in the rat – i. e. anovulatory ovaries in adult females after a single injection of testosterone propionate (TP) within a week of birth – may not become apparent until some time after the attainment of sexual maturity. Large doses (50 or 100 μg) of TP were effective earlier than lower doses (5 or 10 μg). Rats which received 5 μg TP were ovulating at 10 weeks of age, mated but were infertile at 13 weeks of age, and were anovulatory at 21 weeks. In rats between 10 and 13 weeks old there was a marked fall in the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries of animals which had been given 5 μg TP. Hemi-spaying was followed by compensatory growth of the remaining ovary which consisted of corpora lutea in ovulating, and of follicles in anovulatory rats; little or no compensatory weight increase occurred in animals which seemed to be in the transition stage from the ovulatory to the anovulatory condition.

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