Activity response to oxygen in the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. T. Dandy
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Activity Response ◽  
Voltage Output

Locomotory activity of brook trout was measured at 10 °C in water of three different oxygen concentrations. Activity was sensed with a thermistor probe in a Wheatstone bridge circuit. Voltage output of the bridge was integrated automatically and recorded.Exposure to 6.0 and 1.7 p.p.m. oxygen induced tin activity response within minutes which reached a peak during the first hour then slowly waned. The intensity of response was greater to lower than to higher oxygen levels. Not all fish responded to 8.0 p.p.m. The response threshold concentration was estimated to be 8.3 p.p.m. oxygen. The response appeared to be made to the absolute concentration rather than to the rate of oxygen decrease.Various difficulties in estimating thresholds for dissolved substances in a constant flow system are considered. It is suggested that the response threshold found here be applied only in the specific circumstances of this experiment.

Using a Phototransduction System to Monitor the Isolated Frog Heart

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
Philip J. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

A simple and inexpensive method of monitoring the movement of an isolated frog heart provides comparable results to those obtained with a force transducer. A commercially available photoresistor is integrated into a Wheatstone bridge circuit, and the output signal is interfaced directly with a recording device. An excised, beating frog heart is placed in a Petri dish and over the photoresistor so that movements produced during the heartbeat cycle change the amount of light entering the photoresistor and, therefore, the voltage output from the circuit. Experiments that can be done with this system include the effects of temperature and dose–response relationships with Ringer's solutions containing acetylcholine and norepinephrine.

Activity response to chlorine in the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. T. Dandy
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Activity Response ◽  
Selection Responses

Exposure of brook trout to chlorine evoked changes in activity, ventilation, the "coughing" reflex, and at lethal levels a heavy secretion of mucus. Locomotory activity increased initially and was subsequently depressed. Both responses were seen at 0.35 and 0.08 ppm, but the initial increase was not seen at 0.04 or 0.005 ppm. The initial increase lasted 2 h, whilst the depressant response was still continuing after 7 days at the sublethal level of 0.005 ppm.The results are discussed in relation to the different selection responses to different chlorine concentrations shown in rainbow trout by Sprague and Drury (1969).

scholarly journals Relationship between Wheatstone Bridge Circuit and Femtogram Particles Attached on Piezoresistive Microcantilever in Biosensor Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratno Nuryadi
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Stress Change ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Biosensor Application ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Calculation

This paper describes basic calculations that are used in a piezoresistive microcantilever for the biosensor application. The working principle of the sensor is generally based on piezoresistance change due to the change of stress in the microcantilever. Such stress change is caused by the microcantilever deflection induced by the adsorption of the ultrasmall particles (virus, glucose, micro-organism, etc) on the microcantilever surface. In this work, two piezoresistors embedded in the microcantilever and two external resistors are used to build the Wheatstone bridge circuit for detecting the stress change. Basic equations in stress analysis and in Wheatstone bridge are considered in order to explain the relationship between the Wheatstone bridge and the particles attached on microcantilever surface. Calculation results show that the particles with the mass of femtogram results in piezoresistance change in the order of μΩ and the voltage output in the order of μV.

PIEZORESISTIVE STRAIN SENSOR APPLICATION IN EVALUATION OF MOUSE AORTIC MEDIA CUSHIONS EFFECTIVENESS AND SPONTANEOUS MYOGENIC CONTRACTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1740032
Author(s):  
WENJING DING ◽  
YANG WANG ◽  
GUOJUN LI ◽  
JIAJI HANG ◽  
YONGCHANG WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Load Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Myogenic Response ◽  
Specimen Length ◽  
Aortic Media

The aortic media realized Windkessel vessel functions and maintain sustained ventricle ejection balance during cardiac circle. Wheatstone bridge circuit piezoresistive strain sensor had desirable sensing properties to investigate aortic cushion features. In this study, Wheatstone bridge sensor was used to evaluate quick stretching-induced aortic efficient cushions and spontaneous myogenic contractions. Mice aortic specimens were loosely hooked and stabilized to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm stainless steel pin and strain sensor, whereas the other side was hooked and shows increasing specimen length. Specimen isometric tension and rhythmic spontaneous myogenic contraction were recorded. Isometric tension and spontaneous myogenic response at initial length ([Formula: see text] and ultimate length ([Formula: see text] were evaluated. Aortic specimen significantly eliminated mechanical rigid oscillations. The recovery to baseline time was significantly shortened at [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms and [Formula: see text] ms at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, but [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms in no-load test). High Ca[Formula: see text] incubation prolonged the recovery time to baseline at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms, respectively) and suggested Ca[Formula: see text] decreased efficient cushion. Moreover, strain sensor successfully recorded the enhanced rhythmic spontaneous myogenic contractions in isometric specimen. Wheatstone bridge circuit sensor reflected the significance of efficient cushions under mechanical preload, which absolutely captured rhythmic myogenic contractions of mice aortic specimen.

scholarly journals Captan Toxicity to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1811-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Hermanutz ◽  
Leonard H. Mueller ◽  
Kenneth D. Kempfert
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The toxic effects of captan on survival, growth, and reproduction of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and on survival of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined in a flow-through system. In a 45-week exposure of fathead minnows, survival and growth were adversely affected at 39.5 μg/liter. Adverse effects on spawning were suspected but not statistically demonstrated at 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC), based on survival and growth, lies between 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The lethal threshold concentration (LTC) derived from acute exposures was 64 μg/liter, resulting in an application factor (MATC/LTC) between 0.26 and 0.62. LTC values for the bluegill and brook trout were 72 and 29 μg/liter, respectively. The estimated MATC is between 44.6 and 18.7 μg/liter for the bluegill and between 18.0 and 7.5 μg/liter for the brook trout.The half-life of captan in Lake Superior water with a pH of 7.6 is about 7 hr at 12 C and about 1 hr at 25 C. Breakdown products from an initial 550 μg/liter of captan were not lethal to 3-month-old fathead minnows.

Fabrication of monolithic Wheatstone bridge circuit for piezoresistive microcantilever sensor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Anis Nurashikin Nordin ◽  
Noreha Abd Malik ◽  
Badariah Bais ◽  
Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge

scholarly journals A contact lens promising for non-invasive continuous intraocular pressure monitoring

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 5076-5082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Pang ◽  
Yuxing Li ◽  
Xuefeng Wang ◽  
Chenjie Qi ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive

A contact lens with a Wheatstone bridge circuit can achieve high-performance detection of IOP variation.

High performance AlGaN/GaN pressure sensor with a Wheatstone bridge circuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 111143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tan ◽  
Yuanjie Lv ◽  
Xingye Zhou ◽  
Xubo Song ◽  
Yuangang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge
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