The influence of behavioral differences among tent-caterpillar larvae on predation by a pentatomid bug

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iwao ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Active larvae of the western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar), were stalked more consistently by the predator, Podisus maculiventris Say, than their sluggish counterparts. In the fourth instar, the active individuals were too small to defend themselves, so they were eaten more frequently than sluggish larvae. In the fifth instar, active larvae defended themselves more successfully, whereas sluggish larvae did not. Among these older larvae, therefore, fewer active and more sluggish individuals were successfully attacked.

BEHAVIORAL STUDIES ON MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1225-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Greenblatt ◽  
J. A. Witter
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Behavior Types ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractFirst-stage forest tent caterpillar larvae were tested for the presence of active and sluggish behavior types such as Wellington found in Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar). Larvae capable of directed movement towards a 30 w light source were classified as active. Larvae were tested on 3 consecutive days, and only a small percentage responded on all 3 days. A much larger percentage remained sluggish throughout the period. Chi-square tests confirmed that the differences in response were not random. There was a tendency for some larvae to respond to light during the test and for others not to respond. The reduced consistency in the response of "active" larvae in M. disstria Hübner compared with that reported for M.c. pluviale may be partly due to real behavioral differences, but it also may be partly due to some procedural differences between our tests and Wellington’s.

EFFECTS OF THREE HORMONAL MIMICS ON MORTALITY, METAMORPHOSIS, AND REPRODUCTION OF THE WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA CALIFORNICUM PLUVIALE

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractThe western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar) was treated externally with farnesyl methyl ether and the crude ether extracts of two forest trees, Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) and Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Within 24 hr of the intervening molts, late fourth- and early fifth-instar larvae weighing 178 mg received 55 μg, and late fifth-instar larvae and new pupae weighing 450 mg received 140 μg in 0.6 μl of acetone. Controls received only acetone.Treated groups suffered increased mortality due to structural abnormalities, molting difficulties, and increased infection with polyhedral virus and microsporidia. Many surviving adults also were structurally abnormal, and the proportion of females depositing normal egg masses was reduced. The progeny were less viable than those of the controls. Reductions in the viability of progeny were only slightly affected by time of treatment, but egg-laying behavior was more affected by later than by earlier treatments.All materials produced examples of juvenility, but many of the abnormal individuals produced by cedar treatment died early in the pupal stage, whereas those induced by the other treatments lived longer. In most instances, samples were too small to indicate statistical superiority of any one material but, as received, the cedar extract seemed more potent than the fir. Farnesyl methyl ether had the greatest influence on reproductive capacity.

scholarly journals Performance of Western Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum) on Two Common Host Plants, Including a New Host Plant Record

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Barnes ◽  
Sarah Gosnell ◽  
Claudia Hallagan ◽  
Keelia E. Otten ◽  
Lainey Slayter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Host ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

(E)-5, (Z)-7-DODECADIENAL, A SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENT OF THE WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA CALIFORNICUM (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Underhill ◽  
M. D. Chisholm ◽  
Warren Steck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Tent caterpillars of the genus Malacosoma frequently appear in outbreak numbers causing widespread defoliation of trees and shrubs in North America. The western tent caterpillar, M. californicum (Packard), with six subspecies, occurs over most of temperate western North America and although there is a large number of host plants on which it will oviposit and feed (Stehr and Cook 1968), most have little commercial value. We report here the identification of a component of the female sex pheromone of M. californicum.

EFFECTS OF THE PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND REPRODUCTION OF THE WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA CALIFORNICUM PLUVIALE (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Cameron ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Cut Foliage ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractThe synthetic plant growth regulator indolebutyric acid delayed pupation, produced lighter pupae, and interfered with the larva-to-pupa molt of the western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar), when it was mixed with water (0.1 g/1.) in which cut foliage for rearing the larvae was kept. Treatment of very young larvae led to adults that produced more and better eggs than the controls. Treating older larvae produced antigonadotrophic effects.

scholarly journals Nymphal development and feeding preference of Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) parasitised or not by Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Oliveira ◽  
P. De Clercq ◽  
J. C. Zanuncio ◽  
D. Pratissoli ◽  
E. P. Pedruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Ephestia Kuehniella ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Factitious Food

Predation by Podisus maculiventris nymphs, a predatory pentatomid, was evaluated with eggs of the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (Pyralidae), parasitised or not by Trichogramma brassicae (pupae stage). Eggs of this pyralid were glued on rectangular cardboard and presented to nymphs of P. maculiventris as food. The pentatomid successfully reached adult stage when feeding on unparasitised eggs, indicating that flour moth eggs can be used as a factitious food for rearing this predator. Pentatomid nymphs that received only parasitised eggs died before reaching fourth instar. In choice tests, P. maculiventris showed a preference for preying on unparasitised eggs of E. kuehniella rather than those containing pupae of T. brassicae. These results show that it is possible to combine the use of P. maculiventris with releases of T. brassicae in control programs of lepidopteran pests.

scholarly journals Multiple Mating and Family Structure of the Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale: Impact on Disease Resistance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e37472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle T. Franklin ◽  
Carol E. Ritland ◽  
Judith H. Myers ◽  
Jenny S. Cory
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Malacosoma Californicum ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Extraversion and Dopamine

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptors ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Dopamine ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Performance ◽  
Induced Changes

Recent research suggests that individual differences in brain dopamine (DA) functioning may be related to the personality dimension of extraversion. The present study was designed to further elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying behavioral differences between extraverts and introverts. For this purpose, the differential effects of a pharmacologically induced blockade of mesolimbocortical DA D2 receptors on reaction-time performance were investigated in 24 introverted and 24 extraverted subjects. Introverts were found to be much more susceptible to pharmacologically induced changes in D2 receptor activity than extraverts. This finding provides additional experimental evidence for the notion that individual differences in D2 receptor responsivity may represent a neurobiological substratum for the personality dimension of extraversion.

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