Osmotic and ionic regulation in goldfish following removal of the corpuscles of Stannius or the pituitary gland

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuho Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ionic Regulation ◽  
Corpuscles Of Stannius ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes

The osmolalities of the urine and the plasma as well as the plasma electrolytes were studied in unoperated goldfish, Carassius auratus, sham-operated animals, hypophysectomized animals, and animals from which the corpuscles of Stannius had been removed. Removal of either the pituitary or the corpuscles of Stannius results in loss of blood electrolytes as evidenced by an elevation in urine osmolality and a decline in the plasma electrolytes. Angiotensin II prevents the loss of electrolytes in fish from which the corpuscles of Stannius have been removed but has no effect on the electrolyte balance of the hypophysectomized animals. The possible role of the corpuscles of Stannius is discussed.

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in renal and cardiovascular disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (15) ◽  
pp. 1307-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryna S.M. Chow ◽  
Terri J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Biological Responses

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is well-considered to be the principal effector of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which binds with strong affinity to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptor subtype. However, activation of both receptors is likely to stimulate different signalling mechanisms/pathways and produce distinct biological responses. The haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of Ang II, including its ability to regulate blood pressure, maintain water–electrolyte balance and promote vasoconstriction and cellular growth are well-documented to be mediated primarily by the AT1R. However, its biological and functional effects mediated through the AT2R subtype are still poorly understood. Recent studies have emphasized that activation of the AT2R regulates tissue and organ development and provides in certain context a potential counter-regulatory mechanism against AT1R-mediated actions. Thus, this review will focus on providing insights into the biological role of the AT2R, in particular its actions within the renal and cardiovascular system.

The role of telencephalic NO and cGMP in avoidance conditioning in goldfish (Carassius auratus).

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Xu ◽  
Jordan Bentley ◽  
Todd Miller ◽  
Katherine Zmolek ◽  
Travis Kovaleinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

THE ROLE OF THE PITUITARY IN THE RESISTANCE OF THE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS L.) TO A HIGH TEMPERATURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Normal Fish ◽  
Resistance Tests

The heat resistance of normal, hypophysectomized and pituitary-autotransplanted goldfish acclimated to 20 °C under 16-h photoperiod and 8-h photoperiod conditions was determined. It was found that hypophysectomized goldfish were less heat resistant than normal fish and that those with an autotransplanted pituitary were as heat resistant as normal fish.The photoperiod results, though inconclusive, suggest that normal 16-h photoperiod fish are more heat resistant than normal 8-h photoperiod fish and that only the fish with a normal pituitary can respond to photoperiod changes. The fish without a pituitary are slightly less heat resistant than normal 8-h-photoperiod fish, while those possessing an autotransplanted pituitary are as resistant to a high temperature as normal 16-h-photo period fish.Treatment of hypophysectomized goldfish with luteinizing, thyrotropic, adrenocorticotropic, and lactotropic (prolactin) hormones and crude salmon pituitary extract appeared not to affect resistance to a high temperature.In the experiments involving pituitary autotransplantation, a study was made of various organs influenced by pituitary secretions to determine the pattern of hormone output by the pituitary. By contrasting this information with that of the heat resistance tests, various hormones have been suggested as not playing an essential role in high temperature resistance. The hypothesis is put forward that a prolactin-like hormone plays the essential role in resisting a high-temperature stress.

Sublethal effect of DDT on osmotic and ionic regulation by the goldfish Carassius auratus

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Weisbart ◽  
Daniel Feiner
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes ◽  
Freshwater System ◽  
Higher Doses

Goldfish treated with up to 35 parts per billion (ppb), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane(DDT) for up to 330 h in a running freshwater system showed significant but inconsistent decreases in plasma osmotic and sodium concentrations and a significant but inconsistent increase in potassium concentrations.Goldfish exposed to 17.5 ppb DDT for 330 h and subsequently transferred to brackish water (synthetic) showed no significant differences in plasma electrolytes from solvent-treated goldfish.No correlation between pesticide concentrations and total lipid content of individual goldfish was found but for one exception. Fish exposed to higher doses showed higher pesticide levels in their bodies.The lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments is discussed.

scholarly journals Role of the Pituitary Gland in Melanization in the Skin of the Goldfish, Carassius auratus, Induced by X-ray Irradiation

1962 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo EGAMI ◽  
Hisami ETOH ◽  
Chikashi TACHI ◽  
Kazuko AOKI ◽  
Ryoichi ARAI
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Effect of angiotensin II and corpuscle of Stannius extract on total and ionic plasma calcium levels and blood pressure in intact eels (Anguilla rostrata Lesueur)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Bailey ◽  
J. C. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Saline Extract ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes ◽  
Ionic Calcium

A comparison of the effects of angiotensin II and saline extract of the corpuscles of Stannius on plasma electrolytes and blood pressure in eels was carried out. Angiotensin II caused an increase in plasma ionic calcium and blood pressure but had no effect on total plasma calcium or sodium. Corpuscular extract caused a decrease in plasma ionic calcium but had no effect on the other parameters. These findings indicate a possible role of the corpuscular secretions in binding plasma ionic calcium.

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