STUDIES IN THE MODE OF ACTION OF ROYAL JELLY IN HONEYBEE DEVELOPMENT: VII. THE FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE HAEMOLYMPH OF DEVELOPING LARVAE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Lue ◽  
S. E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The haemolymph of eight ages during larval development of the two female castes of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L., were examined for free amino acids. Twenty-seven identified free amino acids and three unidentified ninhydrin-positive compounds were detected in both castes by the technique of thin-layer chromatography described. The amino acids identified were aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, asparagine, glycine, serine, taurine, ornithine, threonine, lysine, alanine, arginine, histidine, gtutamine. β-alanine, hydroxyproline, proline, methionine, methionine sulphone and (or) sulphoxide, α-amino-n-butyric acid, γ-amino-n-butyric acid, tyrosine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, and isoleucine.The general trend in both castes was for the total amino acid concentration first to increase and then, around the third day in workers and the fourth day in queens, to undergo a steady decrease with age.Aspartic acid concentration varied so greatly between the two castes that it is suggested as a criterion of dimorphism.The significance of these results is discussed in relation to female dimorphism.

Free amino acids in the blood of fetal and maternal Weddell seals

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. R85-R88
Author(s):  
B. J. Murphy ◽  
P. W. Hochachka ◽  
W. M. Zapol ◽  
G. C. Liggins
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Weddell Seal ◽  
Amino Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Weddell Seals

The content of free amino acids in whole blood was measured in near-term gravid female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli) and compared with fetal amino acid profiles during rest and during experimental diving. With the exception of taurine and glutathione, Ninhydrin-reactive components of acid extracts of blood occurred in higher concentrations on the fetal side of the placenta than on the maternal side. Compared with humans the Weddell seal displayed higher ratios of fetal arterial to maternal arterial levels for aspartate, glycine, alanine, valine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and total branched-chain amino acids. In the resting state the total free amino acid concentration in maternal blood was only about 70% as large as the total amino acid concentration in fetal blood, compared with a value of over 80% for humans. Only modest changes in the concentrations of specific amino acids occurred during simulated awake diving, but the overall maternal pools of glycine, glutamate, and glutamine were augmented, creating favorable conditions for uptake by the fetus.

Reproduction Versus Somatic Growth: Hormonal Control in Octopus Vulgaris

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. O'DOR ◽  
M. J. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Precocious Maturity

Octopus vulgaris can be forced into precocious maturity by removal of the subpedunculate lobe from the brain, an operation that releases the optic glands from inhibition, and allows them to secrete a gonadotropin. 14C-leucine was injected into the bloodstream of immature animals and its subsequent incorporation into muscle protein followed by taking successive samples from the arms. The optic glands were then activated, and a further injection of 3H-leucine given and followed by means of further arm samples. Optic gland secretion suppresses protein synthesis in the muscles. This is associated with an increase in the total amino acid pool in the muscles and with a considerable increase in the concentration of free amino acids circulating in the blood. If an ovary is present these events are associated with a rapid growth of the ovary and its ducts, and a loss of weight elsewhere. In ovariectomized animals the ducts grow, but there is no yolk to absorb the large pool of free amino acids, and the animals gain weight by osmotic uptake of water into the muscles. The developing ovary may produce a hormone that increases the release of amino acids from muscle, since the concentration circulating in the blood of intact animals remains at least as high as in ovariectomized octopuses, despite the demands of the developing ovary. These matters are discussed in relation to other evidence for a gonadial hormone and in relation to the ‘self-destruct’ effect of the optic gland secretion in determining the post-reproductive death of octopuses.

scholarly journals The relative effects of a low-protein-high-carbohydrate diet on the free amino acid composition of liver and muscle

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
P. G. Lunn ◽  
R. G. Whitehead ◽  
B. A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Low Protein

1. Free amino acid concentrations in the plasma have been compared with those in liver and quadriceps muscle, in rats fed on diets containing 209 (control) and 31 (low-protein) g protein/kg. The effects of the low-protein diet on diurnal variations in these values were also measured.2. In the plasma, the total amino acid concentration was significantly lower in animals given the low-protein diet, at all times of day except 12.00 hours. In the liver, and to a lesser extent the muscle, total amino acid concentration was maintained.3. In the control animals, diurnal variation in the concentrations of both essential and non-essential amino acids was very similar in plasma, liver and muscle. In animals given the low-protein diet, although the same diurnal pattern was maintained for non-essential amino acids, that occurring among the essential amino acids had virtually disappeared.4. In plasma, the mean 24 h concentration of essential amino acids decreased from 24· mmol/l in control animals to only 1·29 mmol/l in the low-protein-fed animals. Concentrations in muscle and liver were reduced by a similar proportion (from 8·6 to 5·56 μmol/g and from 8·67 to 5·05 μmol/g respectively). Conversely the concentrations of non-essential amino acids in animals given the low-protein diet were increased in plasma (from 1·53 to 2·00 mmol/l), muscle (from 12·5 to 14·3 μmol/g), and liver (from 16·8 to 20·5 μmol/g), muscle showing the lowest increase.5. With the exceptions of lysine, threonine, cystine and tyrosine, the concentrations of all other essential amino acids were reduced more in liver than in muscle. The relationship between this and the failure to maintain plasma albumin concentrations is discussed.

Free Amino Acids in Human Tonsillar Tissue

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Doi ◽  
Akikatsu Kataura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Abstract Free amino acids in the tonsils of 20 individuals were measured column chromatographically. Those always found in readily detectable amounts included O-phosphoserine, taurine, O-phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, α-amino-n-butyric acid, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ornithine, γ-amino-butyric acid, lysine, histidine, and arginine. Results were compared for three clinical pathological groups and for four age groups. Some abnormal values may result from the pathological conditions.

FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE HAEMOLYMPH OF RHODNIUS PROLIXUS STÅHL (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine Pickett ◽  
W. G. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Nineteen free amino acids and four ninhydrin-positive compounds were detected in the haemolymph of fifth-instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus by the technique of thin-layer chromatography. On the sixth day after feeding, tyrosine and tryptophan appeared in the haemolymph. Their concentration increased until the 12th day when testing stopped. The concentrations of alanine, asparagine, cystine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and threonine fluctuated moderately from day to day. The results obtained by thin-layer chromatography differed from those of a similar study in which the technique of paper chromatography was used.

Factors in Resistance of Peas to the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). II. Amino Acids

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Auclair ◽  
J. B. Maltais ◽  
J. J. Cartier
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

In field investigations on the relative resistance of varieties of peas, Pisum sativum L., to the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), the average number of aphids per terminal growth for 13 years (Maltais, 1937, 1950, 1951, and unpublished technical report, 1950-54) for six varieties was as follows: Perfection, 39.6; Daisy, 32.6; Lincoln, 35.6; Laurier (H-103), 9.8; Champion of England, 11.8; and Melting Sugar, 16.8. In a preliminary investigation by Auclair and Maltais (1950), 11 free amino acids were detected in pea plant extracts by paper chromatography. From a visual comparison of chromatograms, the variety Perfection appeared to contain a higher concentration of most free amino acids than the variety Laurier. This is a report on the quantitative estimation of the free and total amino acid contents of the three susceptible varieties (Perfection, Daisy, and Lincoln) and the three resistant varieties (Laurier, Champion of England, and Melting Sugar) by the method of paper chromatography.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Storage and Its Interaction with Carbohydrates of Young Almond Trees in Response to Nitrogen Supply

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 796C-796
Author(s):  
Guihong Bi* ◽  
Carolyn Scagel ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Leslie Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Predominant Amino Acid ◽  
Total Amino Acids

June-budded `Nonpareil/Nemaguard' almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb) trees were fertigated with one of five nitrogen (N) concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm) in a modified Hoagland's solution from July to September. In October, the trees were sprayed twice with either water or 3% urea, then harvested after natural leaf fall and stored at 2°C. Trees were destructively sampled during winter storage to determine their concentrations of amino acids, protein, and non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). Increasing N supply either via N fertigation during the growing season or with foliar urea applications in the fall increased the concentrations of both free and total amino acids, whereas decreased their C/N ratios. Moreover, as the N supply increased, the proportion of nitrogen stored as free amino acids also increased. However, protein was still the main form of N used for storage. The predominant amino acid in both the free and total amino-acid pools was arginine. Arginin N accounted for an increasing proportion of the total N in both the free and total amino acids as the N supply was increased. However, the proportion of arginine N was higher in the free amino acids than in the total amino acids. A negative relationship was found between total amino acid and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations, suggesting that TNC is increasingly used for N assimilation as the supply of N increases. Urea applications decreased the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, but had little influence on concentrations of sorbitol and starch. We conclude that protein is the primary form of storage N, and that arginine is the predominant amino acid. Furthermore, the synthesis of amino acids and proteins comes at the expense of non-structural carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Free Amino Acid Profiles of Macedonian White Brined Cheese

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2989-2992
Author(s):  
Borche Makarijoski ◽  
Gordana Dimitrovska ◽  
Vesna K. Hristova ◽  
Elena Joshevska ◽  
Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Parameter Values

The present work is focussed to determine the Macedonian white brined cheese’s free amino acid profile. Four variants of the Macedonian white brined cheese to analyze and determine free amino acid concentration; cheese samples define the Macedonian white brined cheese as a typical cheese. All free amino acids were specified, except the amino acid tyrosine. The detected amino acids in the tested cheese variants were present in different but approximate parameter values. The estimated essential free amino acids, the concentration of lysine was found highest in all examined samples with values from 26.40 ± 0.02 mg% to 28.20 ± 0.04 mg% and the concentration of threonine was the lowest from 3.19 ± 0.02 mg% to 3.32 ± 0.02 mg%). In the detected unessential free amino acids, the concentration of aspartic amino acid was highest in all the samples with values from 11.02 ± 0.05 mg% to 11.32 ± 0.03 mg% and the concentration of proline was at the lowest level from 4.16 ± 0.06 mg% to 4.22 ± 0.04 mg%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document