FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF EXERISTES COMSTOCKII (CRESS) REARED ON DIFFERENT HOSTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Bracken ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Characteristic Fatty Acid

The ichneumonid parasitoid Exeristes comstockii apparently has no characteristic fatty acid composition of its own but duplicates that of its host. Thus it differs from three species of Diptera previously studied which, irrespective of diet, synthesize fatty acids and retain patterns characteristic of the species.

Synthesis of fatty acids by the parasite Exeristes comstockii (Hymenop.) and two hosts, Galleria mellonella (Lep.) and Lucilia sericata (Dip.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Thompson ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Direct Incorporation ◽  
Characteristic Fatty Acid

In contrast with many other insects, whose characteristic fatty acid compositions are influenced to a limited extent by dietary fatty acid composition, the fatty acid composition of the total lipid of the ichneumonid parasite Exeristes comstockii is very similar to that of its diet, that is, the host on which it is reared. When the parasite was reared on two hosts, Lucilia sericata and Galleria mellonella, with very different fatty acid patterns, it retained no characteristic fatty acid composition of its own.Radioisotope studies demonstrated that Exeristes comstockii, Galleria mellonella and Lucilia sericata incorporate 14C from 14C-1-acetate into fatty acids with radioactivity distributions consistent with de novo, elongation, and desaturation synthetic mechanisms.Exeristes comstockii was found to incorporate 14C-1-acetate into fatty acids at higher rates than either host. It appears, therefore, that the parasite has a fatty acid metabolism of its own, with respect to synthesis and turnover, although the fatty acids are qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to those in the host. The origin of the fatty acids of E. comstockii is partially explained by synthesis of fatty acids at different rates than its host, and direct incorporation of host fat, but the parasite appears to lack to great extent the control over pool size normally present in other insects.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals A conjunction of sn-2 fatty acids and overall fatty acid composition combined with chemometric techniques increase the effectiveness of lard detection in fish feed

2021 ◽  
pp. 104308
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haniff Hanafy Idris ◽  
Yanty Noorzianna Manaf ◽  
Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa ◽  
Amalia Mohd Hashim ◽  
Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Chemometric Techniques

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽  
Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska ◽  
Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro ◽  
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽  
Andrzej Kotecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Soybean is a valuable protein and oilseed crop ranked among the most significant of the major crops. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2019 in South-East Poland. The influence of soybean cultivars (Aldana, Annushka), nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg∙ha−1 N) and inoculation with B. japonicum (control, HiStick® Soy, Nitragina) on the content of fatty acids (FA) in soybean seeds was investigated in a three-factorial experiment. This study confirms the genetic determinants of fatty acid composition in soybean seeds and their differential accumulation levels for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0 as well saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Increasing the rate from 30 to 60 kg ha−1 N did not produce the expected changes, suggesting the use of only a “starter” rate of 30 kg ha−1 N. Inoculation of soybean seeds with a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (HiStick® Soy, BASF, Littlehampton, UK and Nitragina, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland) is recommended as it will cause a decrease in SFA and C16:0 acid levels. This is considered nutritionally beneficial as its contribution to total fatty acids determines the hypercholesterolemic index, and it is the third most accumulated fatty acid in soybean seeds. The interaction of cultivars and inoculation formulation on fatty acid content of soybean seeds was demonstrated. An increase in the value of C16:0 content resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 acids. The content of each decreased by almost one unit for every 1% increase in C16:0 content. The dominant effect of weather conditions on the FA profile and C18:2n6/C18:3n3 ratio was demonstrated. This suggests a need for further evaluation of the genetic progress of soybean cultivars with respect to fatty acid composition and content under varying habitat conditions.

scholarly journals Grape Pomace Ingestion by Dry Cows Does Not Affect the Colostrum Nutrient and Fatty Acid Composition

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1633
Author(s):  
Michal Rolinec ◽  
Daniel Bíro ◽  
Milan Šimko ◽  
Miroslav Juráček ◽  
Ondrej Hanušovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Negative Effect

The utilisation of different by-products from the food industry as nutrient sources for farm animals is both possible and beneficial. Grape pomace is a by-product that contains polyphenols and fatty acids, both of which have the potential to improve the nutritional quality of cow colostrum. This study aimed to explore how the addition of grape pomace to the diet of dry cows affects the concentration of nutrients and fatty acids of colostrum. Sixteen Slovak spotted cows in late pregnancy were used in this study. From the seventh day before expected calving to the day of calving, cows in the grape pomace group received a diet supplemented with dried grape pomace, at 0.116 kg/cow/day. Colostrum samples were analysed for basal nutrients and fatty acid concentrations. Between the control and experimental groups, the nutrient and fatty acid concentrations of all the colostrum samples did not show significant differences. The nutrient levels in the colostrum from both groups of cows were typical, as related to the time from calving. The addition of the grape pomace into the diet of dry cows had no effect on nutrient concentrations and the fatty acid composition of the colostrum. The somatic cell score of the colostrum sampled at the 12th hour after calving (4.2 versus 2.6) was positively affected by grape pomace addition. The results of this study revealed that grape pomace (fed in an amount of 0.116 kg/cow/day) had no positive or negative effect on the base nutrients and fatty acids of cow colostrum, and, therefore, grape pomace can be used as a nutrient source for dry cows in small amounts.

Depot fatty acids of Aberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle reared on hay and barley diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. F. Leat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SummaryAberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle were reared from 4 months of age to slaughter weight at 18–24 months on either high-barley or high-hay diets. Samples of subcutaneous fat were taken by biopsy at 3 monthly intervals, and the degree of fatness of each animal was estimated ultrasonically prior to slaughter, and by visual inspection of the carcasses.The barley-fed animals gained weight more rapidly, and fattened more quickly than the hay-fed animals with the Angus being fatter than the Friesian at the same age. The percentage stearic acid (C18:0) in subcutaneous fat decreased with age and was replaced by octadecenoic acid (C18:l) and hexadecenoic acid (C16:l), these changes being more rapid in barley-fed than in hay-fed animals. At the same degree of fatness the depot fats of the Friesians were more unsaturated than those of the Angus, and in both breeds the fatter the animal the more unsaturated was its depot fat.In the hay-fed cattle the percentage C16:0 in subcutaneous fat increased during the last half of the experiment and at slaughter the percentage C16:0 was significantly higher, and C18:l significantly lower, in all depot fats compared with those of the barley-fed animals.It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of bovine depot fats is modulated by the degree of fattening, and can be affected by diet.

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