HEMATOLOGICAL VALUES FOR THE EASTERN GRAY SQUIRREL (SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Guthrie ◽  
Henry S. Mosby ◽  
J. Clark Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Gray Squirrel ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Hematological Values

Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, erythrocyte diameter, and total and differential leukocyte counts were obtained from five male and seven female gray squirrels. Plasma glucose, corticosterone, and cholesterol concentrations were determined for the five males and for six of the females.The males showed significantly greater values for the hemoglobin and hematocrit. The average leukocyte count was lower than reported values for several other rodent species. Lymphocytes formed a greater percentage of the leukocytes than usually reported for rodent species.No sex-related differences were apparent with respect to the plasma concentration of glucose, corticosterone, and cholesterol. The gray squirrel appears to have a relatively high normal level of corticosterone and cholesterol.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF EPINEPHRINE ON THE LEUKOCYTE COUNTS OF NORMAL SUBJECTS

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN WHITE ◽  
TSUIN HWA LING ◽  
ARNOLD M. KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Adrenocortical Hormone ◽  
The One

Abstract 1. Thirty-seven normal subjects were given subcutaneous injections of epinephrine, ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg., and the effects on the leukocytes were noted. 2. The neutrophils rose steadily for the three and one-half hours during which blood counts were made. The small lymphocytes rose in the first half hour, then fell below normal and finally returned towards normal. The eosinophils rose at first and then fell below normal for the remainder of the period. 3. The three doses of epinephrine used produced effects which differed quantitatively but not qualitatively. The most readily identified effect of the smallest dose was the one-half hour rise in lymphocytes or the one-half hour rise in total count. A dose of 0.5 mg. is satisfactory for work of this kind. 4. Subjects with a history of allergy showed a greater tendency than the remainder to exhibit a one-half hour rise in the eosinophil count. 5. The changes in the leukocyte count produced by epinephrine are similar to, but not identical with, those produced by adrenocortical hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Optic nerve head morphology of the Eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Kuester ◽  
Andras M. Komaromy ◽  
Dennis E. Brooks ◽  
Patricia A. Lewis ◽  
Fred Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Gray Squirrel ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Eastern Gray Squirrel

scholarly journals Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bruno Carvalho da Silva Bergamini ◽  
Elisandro Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Bárbara Schiller Wartchow ◽  
Lilian Heck ◽  
Luiza Uhrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Hematological Values

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum values were obtained from the animals in each season of the year. The samples were grouped in “cold” and “warm” classes as above. Repeated measures ANOVA were used in order to compare the influence of climate variation on hematologic variables. For this mater Bonferroni’s test was employed as post-hoc analysis. As results, the erythrocytes total count, hemoglobin value, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, absolute numbers of heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and total plasma proteins varied significantly (P < 0.05) between colder and warmer seasons. Erythrocyte values yielded significantly higher values in warmer seasons than in the other seasons. The seasonality was verified in erythrocytes total count (P < 0.001), hemoglobin value (P < 0.001), hematocrit values (P < 0.001) and differential white blood cell count (P < 0.001).Discussion: The hematological alterations detected in C. carbonaria were similar observed in similar studies in reptiles species and due to the distinct method and management used and different species, it was not possible to compare the statistical results. In previously studies, as a C. carbonaria, the hematological variations between climatic seasons were identified in other reptile species due particular ectothermic metabolism. The variation in total WBC count produced by seasons of the year had already been described in snakes, such as in South American rattlesnakes and in tropical snakes. Changes in metabolic activity may be influence in TPP values in reptiles when season of the year is included as a variable. In hibernating species, the variation in TPP values is attributed to hibernating behavior when the lower food intake led to a decrease in plasma protein levels. In the case of C. carbonaria, which does not hibernate, other variables could influence the difference between seasons. All hematological changes observed in studied animals confirm the influence of climate between cold and hot months, given the peculiar metabolism of chelonians. The results point out the importance is to consider the seasonal climate variations in the interpretation of hematological values of C. carbonaria under uncontrolled environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of an in Vitro Test for Radiosensitivity of Leukemic Lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT SCHREK ◽  
STANLEY L. LEITHOLD ◽  
IRVING A. FRIEDMAN ◽  
WILLIAM R. BEST
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Vitro Test

Abstract A recently developed slide-chamber method was used to test the radiosensitivity of blood lymphocytes from 80 patients with chronic lymphocytic or lymphosarcoma-cell leukemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether these in vitro tests on sensitivity to x-rays had any clinical significance. Two objective criteria were used to measure the clinical reactions of the leukemic patients. The first was the duration of survival of patients following the in vitro test. The second was the minimal leukocyte count of a patient following x-ray therapy; the minimal count was expressed as a percentage of the count before therapy. The in vitro radiosensitivity was measured by the 10 per cent survival time of lymphocytes irradiated with 1000 r. Blood lymphocytes from non-leukemic individuals were highly radiosensitive with indices of 1.1 to 2.2 days. In initial tests, the lymphocytes of 61 leukemic patients had the same high sensitivity to x-rays as lymphocytes from non-leukemic individuals. In contrast, the lymphocytes of 19 leukemic patients were radioresistant to irradiation with indices of 2.5 to 11 days. The 61 patients with radiosensitive lymphocytes had a median survival time of 22 months after the in vitro test. In contrast, the 19 patients with radioresistant lymphocytes had a median survival time of only 4 months. Clinical x-ray therapy caused a greater decline in leukocyte counts in patients with radiosensitive lymphocytes than in those with radioresistant cells. A significant index of 0.60 was obtained for the correlation of in vitro radiosensitivity of lymphocytes and the in vivo decrease in leukocyte counts of patients after x-ray therapy. It is concluded that an in vitro finding of radioresistant lymphocytes is correlated with a poor response of the leukocyte count to x-ray therapy and a short survival time of the patient.

scholarly journals Determination of Hematological Values of Common Crocodile (Caiman Crocodilus fuscus) in Captivity in the Magdalena medio of Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Juana Valentina Grijalba Otálora ◽  
Ekin Josué Forero Rojas ◽  
Angie Fernanda Contreras ◽  
Julio Cesar Vargas ◽  
Roy Jose Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Caiman Crocodilus ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Hematological Values

Caiman zoo breeding (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) has been developing with greater force in Colombia since the 90s. It is essential to evaluate the physiological ranges of the species to be able to assess those situations in which their health is threatened. The objective of the present study was to determine the typical hematological values of the Caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus) with the aid of the microhematocrit, the cyanmethemoglobin technique, and a hematological analyzer. The blood samples were taken from 120 young animals of both sexes in good health apparently (males 44 and females 76). The samples were taken from the coccygeal vein between the second and third interscalar space with lilac lid vacutainer tube whit acid ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic as an anticoagulant. The animals are located in the middle of the Magdalena area in Colombia. The results obtained on average were Hematocrit: 23.36 %, Hemoglobin: 7.78 g/dl, Red blood cells: 3.89 106/μL, Average corpuscular volume: 60 fl, Average corpuscular hemoglobin concentration: 33.33 g/dl and Average corpuscular hemoglobin: 73.9 pg. This is the first study of hematological values for this particular species in Colombia.

scholarly journals Prediction of leukocyte counts during paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia maintenance therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santeri Karppinen ◽  
Olli Lohi ◽  
Matti Vihola
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Nonlinear State Space Models ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
The Individual

AbstractMaintenance chemotherapy with oral 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate remains a cornerstone of modern therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The dosage and intensity of therapy are based on surrogate markers such as peripheral blood leukocyte and neutrophil counts. Dosage based leukocyte count predictions could provide support for dosage decisions clinicians face trying to find and maintain an appropriate dosage for the individual patient. We present two Bayesian nonlinear state space models for predicting patient leukocyte counts during the maintenance therapy. The models simplify some aspects of previously proposed models but allow for some extra flexibility. Our second model is an extension which accounts for extra variation in the leukocyte count due to a treatment adversity, infections, using C-reactive protein as a surrogate. The predictive performances of our models are compared against a model from the literature using time series cross-validation with patient data. In our experiments, our simplified models appear more robust and deliver competitive results with the model from the literature.

Cues Used for Localizing Food by the Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)

Ethology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise B. McQuade ◽  
Ernest H. Williams ◽  
Howard B. Eichenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Gray Squirrel

A Selective and Potent Oral Inhibitor of the JAK2 Tyrosine Kinase Reverses Polycythemia and Leukocytosis Induced by JAK2 V617F in a Mouse Model.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 557-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Zaleskas ◽  
Wayne W. Chan ◽  
Peter Evangelista ◽  
Katherine Lazarides ◽  
Rajesh Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Jak2 V617f ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Jak2 Inhibitor ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

Abstract A somatic mutation (V617F) in the pseudokinase domain of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase JAK2 is found in virtually all patients with the myeloproliferative disease (MPD) polycythemia vera (PV), and about half of those with essential thrombocythemia and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis. When expressed in mice by retroviral bone marrow transduction and transplantation, JAK2 V617F but not JAK2 wild-type induces leukocytosis with neutrophilia and recapitulates the entire erythroid phenotype of PV, with polycythemia, reticulocytosis, low plasma Epo, and endogenous erythroid colonies (Zaleskas et al., PLoS ONE2006;1:e18; Wernig et al., Blood2006;107:4274; Lacout et al., Blood2006;108:1652). By analogy to BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia, JAK2 V617F is therefore a rational target for therapy in PV and other JAK2 V617F+ MPDs. Previous studies with a nonselective and parenteral tyrphostin JAK2 inhibitor suggested that short-term inhibition of JAK2 could decrease reticulocytosis in recipients of JAK2 V617F-transduced marrow (Zaleskas et al., op cit.). Here, we studied one of a novel series of inhibitors of JAK2, AZ-01, which potently inhibited JAK2 kinase activity (IC50 < 1nM) and suppressed proliferation of cell lines carrying the JAK2 V617F mutation. We treated cohorts of Balb/c mice with JAK2 V617F-induced polycythemia and leukocytosis with AZ-01 at 10 mg/kg by oral gavage twice daily, or with vehicle alone. After 28 days of treatment, AZ-01-treated mice had significant reductions in hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, and splenomegaly, as well as normalization of peripheral blood leukocyte counts (Figure 1). These results demonstrate that oral administration of a potent and selective JAK2 inhibitor can reverse the hematopoietic abnormalities of JAK2 V617F-induced MPD in mice, and validate JAK2 as a target for therapy of human JAK2 V617F+ MPD. Figure Figure An orally available JAK2 inhibitor decreases the leukocyte count, hematocrit, and reticulocyte count in mice with JAK2 V617F-induced MPD. Leukocyte count (left), hematocrit (center) and reticulocyte counts (right) of cohorts of mice with JAK2 V617F-induced MPD treated with vehicle or drug at 10 mg/kg BID. Blood counts were assessed at 15 and 28 days of treatment. Decreases in d28 hematocrit and retic count in the drug-treated cohorts were significant (p=0.008 and p<0.0001, respectively, t-tests).

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