COMPOSITION OF THE FATS IN PUPAE OF AGRIA AFFINIS (FALLÉN) (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Puparium Formation

Water and fat content and the fatty acid composition of the fats of Agria affinis (Fallén) were determined over the period from mature larvae to newly emerged adults. During pupation the insects lost about 30% of their larval weight; 85% of this was water and 7% was fat. The loss was most rapid during puparium formation and for 2 or 3 days thereafter. In the fat, the concentrations of 14 carbon fatty acids and stearic acid remained constant; the concentrations of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids decreased by about 3, 8, and 4% respectively; and the concentrations of linoleic and erucic acids increased 11 and 3% respectively.

scholarly journals Changes of the fatty acid composition of sprouts during germination

2010 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Melinda-Rita Márton ◽  
Sándor Szép ◽  
Zsolt Mándoki ◽  
Melinda Tamás ◽  
Salamon Rozália Veronika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content

During our research we studied the fat content and fatty acid composition during the germination and sprouting periods of the most important sprouts: wheat, lentil, alfalfa, radish and sunflower seed. In this article we present our research results during this sprouting study. The concentration of the saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid) decreased, the concentration of the unsaturated fatty acids increased during germination, but the tendency was not so high than was published in the literature.

scholarly journals Evaluating Pig Performance, Carcass Merit and Processed Pork Quality when Chestnuts and Acorns are fed to Duroc-Influenced Pig Genetics During Late Finishing

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Burdick ◽  
T. R. Schnurbusch ◽  
J. L. Slaughter ◽  
Z. D. Callahan ◽  
B. R. Wiegand
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Quality

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding chestnuts and acorns on growth performance, carcass quality and further processed products of Duroc/Duroc crossbred finishing barrows.Materials and MethodsBarrows (n = 30) were individually housed in pens, blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control (n = 10), inclusion of acorns at 15% of the diet (n = 7), inclusion of chestnuts at 15% of the diet (n = 13). Pigs were fed ad libitum for 28 d prior to harvest. Feed refusal and individual pig weights were collected every 7 d and used to calculate average daily gain (ADG), gain-to-feed (G:F), and average daily feed intake (ADFi). Following harvest, carcass quality was determined by objective color (L*, a* and b*), fat composition and marbling scores. Fat samples were removed from four fat depots (backfat, seam, jowl, kidney and pelvic) and analyzed for fatty acid composition. Sample chops were removed between the 10th and 11th rib of the left side of each carcass and analyzed for fatty acid composition, moisture and fat content. Bellies were removed from the left side of each carcass, further processed into bacon slabs and analyzed for slice quality, fatty acid composition, moisture and fat content. Carcass characteristics and bacon quality were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS. Growth performance and fatty acid composition were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Significance was determined at P-value < 0.05.ResultsNo differences were detected for ADG and ADFi across treatments (P > 0.05). Barrows fed chestnut diets had a greater G:F when compared to control (P < 0.05) or acorn fed barrows (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments did not impact (P > 0.05) carcass characteristics or carcass quality. Inclusion of chestnuts or acorns within the diet did not impact (P > 0.05) moisture and fat content of chops and bacon slices (P > 0.05). Moreover, feeding acorns led to similar concentrations (P > 0.05) of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and linoleic acid (18:2n6c) when compared to the control diet. However, feeding diets containing acorns led to greater proportions (P < 0.01) of palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid similar to barrows fed diets containing chestnuts. No difference (P > 0.05) for stearic acid (18:0) were observed between control and chestnut treatments, however, both were found to have greater amounts (P < 0.01) of stearic acid when compared to the acorn treatment. Acorns increased (P < 0.01) the total concentration of omega-6 fatty acids (n-6) when compared to chestnut diets, but no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between acorn and control diets. Inclusion of acorns reduced (P < 0.05) total saturated fatty acids (SFA) when compared to control and chestnut treatments; however total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were increased (P < 0.05) when acorns were included in the diet. When evaluating PUFA:SFA ratio, no differences (P > 0.05) were found between control and chestnut diets. Including acorns in the diet, resulted in an increased (P < 0.05) PUFA:SFA ratio.ConclusionInclusion of acorns and chestnuts did not negatively impact carcass characteristics, carcass quality or bacon quality, nevertheless, including acorns altered overall fatty acid composition while minimal differences were observed between diets containing chestnuts and the control.

Depot fatty acids of Aberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle reared on hay and barley diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. F. Leat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SummaryAberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle were reared from 4 months of age to slaughter weight at 18–24 months on either high-barley or high-hay diets. Samples of subcutaneous fat were taken by biopsy at 3 monthly intervals, and the degree of fatness of each animal was estimated ultrasonically prior to slaughter, and by visual inspection of the carcasses.The barley-fed animals gained weight more rapidly, and fattened more quickly than the hay-fed animals with the Angus being fatter than the Friesian at the same age. The percentage stearic acid (C18:0) in subcutaneous fat decreased with age and was replaced by octadecenoic acid (C18:l) and hexadecenoic acid (C16:l), these changes being more rapid in barley-fed than in hay-fed animals. At the same degree of fatness the depot fats of the Friesians were more unsaturated than those of the Angus, and in both breeds the fatter the animal the more unsaturated was its depot fat.In the hay-fed cattle the percentage C16:0 in subcutaneous fat increased during the last half of the experiment and at slaughter the percentage C16:0 was significantly higher, and C18:l significantly lower, in all depot fats compared with those of the barley-fed animals.It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of bovine depot fats is modulated by the degree of fattening, and can be affected by diet.

Fat content and fatty acids profile of colostrum and milk of primitive Konik horses (Equus caballus gmelini Ant.) during six months of lactation

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pikul ◽  
Jacek Wójtowski ◽  
Romualda Danków ◽  
Beata Kuczyńska ◽  
Jacek Łojek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile

The effect of the stage of lactation, the number of foals and age of the mare on changes in the fat content and fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk of primitive Konik horses was investigated. Colostrum and milk samples from 12 lactating mares were collected at the beginning of lactation, on the days 1 and 2 after foaling and then, starting from the first month of lactation, at 4-week intervals up to the sixth month of lactation. Significant differences were observed in fat content as well as the composition of some analysed fatty acids between colostrum and milk of mares of the Konik breed. The number of foalings and the age of mares did not have a statistically significant effect on the fat content in milk and had only a slight effect on the fatty acid composition. Milk produced by mares of the Konik breed is characterized by a considerable content of polyene fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms, a low ratio of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids as well as low, highly advantageous values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices.

Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Wynn ◽  
A.M. Salter ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

scholarly journals Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Garton ◽  
W. R. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

scholarly journals Infant intake of fatty acids from human milk over the first year of lactation

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon R. Mitoulas ◽  
Lyle C. Gurrin ◽  
Dorota A. Doherty ◽  
Jillian L. Sherriff ◽  
Peter E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids

Despite the importance of human milk fatty acids for infant growth and development, there are few reports describing infant intakes of individual fatty acids. We have measured volume, fat content and fatty acid composition of milk from each breast at each feed over a 24h period to determine the mean daily amounts of each fatty acid delivered to the infant from breast milk at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of lactation in five women. Daily (24h) milk production was 336·60 (sem 26·21) and 414·49 (sem 28·39) ml and milk fat content was 36·06 (sem 1·37) and 34·97 (sem 1·50) g/l for left and right breasts respectively over the course of the first year of lactation. Fatty acid composition varied over the course of the day (mean CV 14·3 (sd 7·7) %), but did not follow a circadian rhythm. The proportions (g/100g total fatty acids) of fatty acids differed significantly between mothers (P<0·05) and over the first year of lactation (P<0·05). However, amounts (g) of most fatty acids delivered to the infant over 24h did not differ during the first year of lactation and only the amounts of 18:3n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 delivered differed between mothers (P<0·05). Mean amounts of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 delivered to the infant per 24h over the first year of lactation were 2·380 (sd 0·980), 0·194 (sd 0·074), 0·093 (sd 0·031) and 0·049 (sd 0·021) g respectively. These results suggest that variation in proportions of fatty acids may not translate to variation in the amount delivered and that milk production and fat content need to be considered.

scholarly journals Achievement of dietary fatty acid intakes in long-term controlled intervention studies: approach and methodology

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nydahl ◽  
RD Smith ◽  
CNM Kelly ◽  
BA Fielding ◽  
CM Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Lower Ratio

AbstractObjectives:To describe the calculations and approaches used to design experimental diets of differing saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) compositions for use in a long-term dietary intervention study, and to evaluate the degree to which the dietary targets were met.Design, setting and subjects:Fifty-one students living in a university hall of residence consumed a reference (SFA) diet for 8 weeks followed by either a moderate MUFA (MM) diet or a high MUFA (HM) diet for 16 weeks. The three diets were designed to differ only in their proportions of SFA and MUFA, while keeping total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),trans-fatty acids, and the ratio of palmitic to stearic acid, andn– 6 ton– 3 PUFA, unchanged.Results:Using habitual diet records and a standardised database for food fatty acid compositions, a sequential process of theoretical fat substitutions enabled suitable fat sources for use in the three diets to be identified, and experimental margarines for baking, spreading and the manufacture of snack foods to be designed. The dietary intervention was largely successful in achieving the fatty acid targets of the three diets, although unintended differences between the original target and the analysed fatty acid composition of the experimental margarines resulted in a lower than anticipated MUFA intake on the HM diet, and a lower ratio of palmitic to stearic acid compared with the reference or MM diet.Conclusions:This study has revealed important theoretical considerations that should be taken into account when designing diets of specific fatty acid composition, as well as practical issues of implementation.

Performance, pork quality and fatty acid composition of entire males, surgically castrated or immunocastrated males, and female pigs reared under organic system

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Grela ◽  
E. Kowalczuk-Vasilev ◽  
R. Klebaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Pig Production

Abstract This study was carried out on the farm specializing in organic pig production on 80 fatteners of the Polish native Pulawska breed, allocated into 4 groups (20 pigs each): EM - entire (uncastrated) males, IM - immunocastrates - males vaccinated with ImprovacR, CM - surgically castrated males and G - gilts. The highest average daily gains were achieved by the IM group, slightly lower by EM, whereas the lowest by CM and G groups. Content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in intramuscular fat and backfat (10.19% and 10.68%, respectively) of IM was lower (P ≤ 0.05) than in fat of EM (11.4% and 13.20%, respectively), but higher (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison to CM (8.43% and 8.71%, respectively). Vaccination of boars against GnRH has not decreased quality traits of organically produced pork. Furthermore, comparing to meat from surgically castrated males, it resulted in better qualities (lower fat content in carcass, higher PUFA level in fat, better physicochemical meat properties).

scholarly journals FRACTIONATION OF OIL OF A NEW LINE OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Papchenko ◽  
T. Matveeva ◽  
V. Khareba ◽  
O. Khareba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Fractional Crystallisation ◽  
Sunflower Seeds

The main methods of obtaining fractionated oils and fats have been analysed. They involve three essentially different processes of fractionation of acylglycerols: dry fractionation, aqueous fractionation with a detergent, and solvent fractionation. Considerable attention has been paid to determining the conditions for fractionation of sunflower oil modified in its fatty acid composition. It has been emphasised that using stearic sunflower oil free from trans fatty acids as a source of fats is a topical task. The practical importance of complex research on fractional crystallisation of stearic sunflower oil has been substantiated. The experiments have allowed establishing the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of the oil of the new line of sunflower seeds of the saturated type Х114В (stearic type). The structure of its acylglycerols has been mathematically determined. Data have been obtained that besides the increased stearic acid content (9.1% of the total fatty acids), the oil under study also contains a significant amount of the disaturated–monounsaturated fraction of acylglycerols (6.16%). The method of fractionating sunflower oil of the stearic type, which has been scientifically substantiated, involves one-stage fractional crystallisation from the melt. The conditions of fractional crystallisation have been experimentally established: the crystallisation temperature range (+6 – +9°С), the crystallisation time (38 days), and the cooling rate (≈0.0051°С/s). The target fraction of sunflower oil of the stearic type has been obtained. It differs from the original oil in its fatty acid and acylglycerol composition. The yield of this oil fraction was 24.57%. It has been found that the fatty acid composition of this fraction has a content of palmitic acid increased by 0.9% and that of stearic acid higher by 3.3%, while its linoleic acid content decreased to 41.9%. The total amount of saturated fatty acids in the target fraction sample is 19.8% of all fatty acids. It has been found that the proportion of disaturated–monounsaturated acylglycerols in the target fraction increases by 3.27%. The resulting target fraction will be useful in flour and confectionery technologies as a substitute for fats containing trans fatty acids

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