A STUDY OF ANTIGENS IN ADULT AND EMBRYONIC TISSUES OF THE SLUG DEROCERAS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mattinson
Keyword(s):  
Common Duct ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Immunofluorescence Studies ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Mixed Stage ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Antigens of embryonic and adult tissues of the slug Deroceras were studied, using the techniques of agar gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Antibodies were prepared against the tissues by injection of saline homogenates into the ear of a rabbit. Antisera were prepared against whole adult homogenate and against mixed-stage embryo homogenate. The antisera obtained were tested against homogenates of a number of different adult tissues and embryo stages.Twelve or 13 antigens were found in all. Four or five of these antigens were found in embryos only and these antigens were limited to the gastrular and pregastrular stages of development. Two other antigens were found which were specific for adult blood. Five antigens appeared only in embryo and common duct homogenate reactions. One further antigen was found in three adult tissues and in embryos from the blastula stage onward. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the antigens were located partially or wholly in the cellular tissues of the embryos and not in the surrounding membranes. The antigens were located in the cytoplasm at all stages, and in the nuclei and nucleoli of one particular type of cell in the gastrular stages.

Differential expression of the ED sequence-containing form of cellular fibronectin in embryonic and adult human tissues

1987 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
T. Vartio ◽  
L. Laitinen ◽  
O. Narvanen ◽  
M. Cutolo ◽  
L.E. Thornell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Decidual Cells ◽  
Foetal Kidney ◽  
Cellular Fibronectin

Monoclonal mouse hybridoma antibodies were obtained for secreted cellular fibronectin (cFn) from A8387 fibrosarcoma cells. One of them, 52-DH1 (DH), reacted exclusively with cFns but not with plasma Fns (pFns) in immunoblotting and solid-phase EIA. The DH antibody also recognized thermolysin cFn fragments and beta-galactosidase-Fn fusion protein which contained the ED sequence specific to at least some forms of cFns. On the other hand, the DH antibody failed to recognize a fusion protein that was otherwise identical but lacked the ED sequence. Thus, the antigenic determinant for the DH antibody was located to the ED sequence. The DH antibody was then used to study the expression of ED sequence containing cFn (EcFn). For comparisons, another monoclonal antibody, 52BF12 (BF), recognizing equally well both pFns and cFns, was used. Immunoblotting of pFn fragments indicated that this antibody had the antigenic determinant at or close to the cell-binding site of Fn. EcFn was revealed by the DH antibody in embryonic and adult fibroblasts and in a variety of other cultured normal and malignant human cells. In embryonic tissues EcFn was abundant in developing basement membranes, as shown in foetal kidney and muscle, while in adult tissues it was confined only to endothelia of larger blood vessels. Furthermore, in embryonic tissues the capillaries showed bright EcFn-positivity not found any more in adult tissues. Human plasma contained a small quantity of EcFn, which may hence have an endothelial origin. EcFn was also prominent in the stroma of malignant tumours as well as in reactive benign conditions, such as granulation tissue and decidual cells. The results suggest that EcFn is a form of the protein which may have a particular role in developing and reactive tissues in embryos and adults.

Activité génétique au cours de l'embryogenèse de l'Oligochète Eisenia fœtida (autoradiographie à l'uracile-3H et traitement à l'actinomycine D)

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-424
Author(s):  
Par J. Devriès
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Nuclear Membranes

Embryos of Eisenia fœtida (Spiralia) have been cultivated with [3H]uracil precursor of RNA at different stages of development from egg to gastrula. The results show that ribonucleic acid synthesis detected by autoradiography begins precociously. During segmentation messenger RNAs are produced by interphase nuclei and liberated in cytoplasm cyclically at mitosis. After the blastula stage rRNAs (nucleoli), which can migrate through the nuclear membranes, predominate. The blastomeres, which contain polar plasm and also mesoderm, already known for its controlling part in embryogenesis after gastrulation, are the seats of the increasingly important ribonucleic acid synthesis. These genetic transcriptions, which are inhibited by actinomycin D, are implicated in the determination of the blastomeres and postblastular differentiation. Only the messages required for the segmentation divisions pre-exist in the undivided egg.

Origin and behaviour of pigment cells in sea urchin embryos

Zygote ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. S42-S43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Kominami
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Cleavage Stage ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Founder Cells

Sea urchin pluteus larvae contain dozens of pigment cells in their ectoderm. These pigment cells are the descendants of the veg2 blastomeres of the 60-cell stage embryo. According to the fate map made by Ruffins and Ettensohn, the prospective pigment cells occupy the central region of the vegetal plate. Most of these prospective pigment cells exclusively give rise to pigment cells. Therefore, specification of the pigment cell lineage should occur at some point between the 60-cell and mesenchyme blastula stage. However, the detailed process of the specification of the pigment lineage is unknown.When are pigment cells specified? Are cell interactions necessary for the specification? Do founder cells exist? To answer these questions, I treated embryos with Ca2+-free seawater during the cleavage stage and examined the number of pigment cells observed in pluteus larvae. Treatment at 5.5–8.5 h and especially 7.5–10.5 h postfertilisation markedly reduced the number of pigment cells. The decrease was statistically significant. On the other hand, the treatment at 3.5–6.5 h or 9.5–12.5 h never reduced the number of pigment cells. By examining the frequency of the appearance of embryos whose numbers of pigment cells were less than 20, it was also found that the numbers of pigment cells were frequently in multiples of 4. Embryos having 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 pigment cells were more frequently observed. Statistics indicated that the frequency of appearance was not random. These results indicated that cell contacts are necessary for the specification of pigment cells and that the specification occurs from 7 to 10 h postfertilisation. The results also suggest that the founder cells, if they exist, divide twice before they differentiate into pigment cells.

scholarly journals Serotyping reanalysis of unserotypable Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates by agar gel diffusion test

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako MORIOKA ◽  
Yoko SHIMAZAKI ◽  
Mariko UCHIYAMA ◽  
Shoko SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Pathogenic Vibrios in Confinement-Reared and Feral Fishes of the Maine–New Hampshire Coast

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Strout ◽  
E. S. Sawyer ◽  
B. A. Coutermarsh
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Vibrio anguillarum was isolated from moribund or fresh dead confinement-reared or feral fishes from the Maine–New Hampshire coast. All Vibrio isolates were tested for pathogenicity by inoculation into 12–15 cm-coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts reared in fresh water. In 1975, of 35 isolates from confinement-reared fishes, 29 were Vibrio and 22 of these killed test fish; 1 of 4 isolates from feral fishes was a pathogenic Vibrio. In 1976, of 69 isolates from cultured fishes, 52 were Vibrio and 12 were pathogenic; 39 of 59 isolates from feral fishes were Vibrio, yet only 1 was pathogenic. One group of Vibrio isolates, all from winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), killed all salmon smolts the same day of injection; one strain (569) consistently killed smolts within 3–4 h after inoculation. With microtiter methods, agglutinin titers of rabbit antisera were determined against all pathogenic V. anguillarum isolates. Three distinct antigenic groups of V. anguillarum, confirmed by agar-gel diffusion and challenge, were found on the Maine–New Hampshire coast. Although two of these groups appear to be antigenically similar to West Coast strains 775 and 1669, a third group shows little relationship to other East Coast–West Coast serotypes. Key words: Vibrio anguillarum, coho salmon, pathogenic Vibrio, confinement-reared (cultured) fishes, serotypes, agar-gel diffusion

scholarly journals Mouse matriptase-2: identification, characterization and comparative mRNA expression analysis with mouse hepsin in adult and embryonic tissues

2003 ◽  
Vol 373 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. HOOPER ◽  
Luisa CAMPAGNOLO ◽  
Goodarz GOODARZI ◽  
Tony N. TRUONG ◽  
Heidi STUHLMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Complement Protein ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Adult Tissues

We report the identification and characterization of mouse matriptase-2 (m-matriptase-2), an 811-amino-acid protein composed of an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a membrane-spanning domain, two CUB (complement protein subcomponents C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein 1) domains, three LDLR (low-density-lipoprotein receptor class A) domains and a C-terminal serine-protease domain. All m-matriptase-2 protein domain boundaries corresponded with intron/exon junctions of the encoding gene, which spans approx. 29 kb and comprises 18 exons. Matriptase-2 is highly conserved in human, mouse and rat, with the rat matriptase-2 gene (r-maltriptase-2) predicted to encode transmembrane and soluble isoforms. Western-blot analysis indicated that m-matriptase-2 migrates close to its theoretical molecular mass of 91 kDa, and immunofluorescence analysis was consistent with the proposed surface membrane localization of this protein. Reverse-transcription PCR and in-situ-hybridization analysis indicated that m-matriptase-2 expression overlaps with the distribution of mouse hepsin (m-hepsin, a cell-surface serine protease identified in hepatoma cells) in adult tissues and during embryonic development. In adult tissues both are expressed at highest levels in liver, kidney and uterus. During embryogenesis m-matriptase-2 expression peaked between days 12.5 and 15.5. m-hepsin expression was biphasic, with peaks at day 7.5 to 8.5 and again between days 12.5 and 15.5. In situ hybridization of embryonic tissues indicated abundant expression of both m-matriptase-2 and m-hepsin in the developing liver and at lower levels in developing pharyngo–tympanic tubes. While m-hepsin was detected in the residual embryonic yolk sac and with lower intensity in lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, developing kidney tubules and epithelium of the oral cavity, m-matriptase-2 was absent in these tissues, but strongly expressed within the nasal cavity by olfactory epithelial cells. Mechanistic insight into the potential role of this new transmembrane serine protease is provided by its novel expression profile in embryonic and adult mouse.

Intercellular signalling in mesoderm formation during amphibian development

1993 ◽  
Vol 340 (1293) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positional Information ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Inductive Interaction ◽  
Mesoderm Formation ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Intercellular Signalling

The mesoderm of amphibian embryos arises through an inductive interaction in which a signal from the vegetal hemisphere of the blastula-stage embryo acts on overlying equatorial cells. Strong candidates for endogenous mesoderm-inducing signals include members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and activin families. In this paper we show that cells form different mesodermal cell types in response to different concentrations of these factors, and that graded distributions of activin and FGF can, in principle, provide sufficient positional information to generate the body plan of the Xenopus embryo.

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF TWO MOUSE-TOXIC PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN EXTRACTS FROM PASTEURELLA PESTIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Montie ◽  
Diane B. Montie ◽  
Samuel J. Ajl
Keyword(s):  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Fraction ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Gel Diffusion ◽  
Electrophoresis Technique

The toxin activity of Pasteurella pestis cells, strain "Tjiwidej," was found to be associated with two proteins. Using a disc electrophoresis technique in conjunction with mouse lethality, two toxic proteins were isolated exhibiting intraperitoneal LD50's of less than 1.0 to 1.5 µg protein. Each produced a single characteristic precipitin band on agar gel diffusion plates. The slower migrating toxin in gel diffusion or disc electrophoresis was designated as toxin A. It was shown to be sensitive to deoxycholate and digitonin, did not accumulate in 5-fluorotryptophan treated cells, and was associated with the membrane fraction of the cell. The faster migrating toxin B, apparently is resistant to surface-active agents, and is not affected by treatment of cells with 5-fluorotryptophan. Toxin B is associated with the soluble or cytoplasmic fraction of the cell. This evidence suggested that each toxin represented a distinctly different molecular species. The possibility is discussed that toxin B is synonymous with the murine toxin previously isolated by paper curtain electrophoresis which revealed only one antigen band in the Oudin precipitin reaction.

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