STUDIES IN THE MODE OF ACTION OF ROYAL JELLY IN HONEYBEE DEVELOPMENT: IV. DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE BRAIN AND RETROCEREBRAL COMPLEX OF FEMALE HONEYBEE LARVAE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia J. Canetti ◽  
R. W. Shuel ◽  
S. E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Nuclear Degeneration ◽  
Histological Criteria ◽  
Caste Differences ◽  
The Brain

Histological evidence is presented for a caste difference in endocrine activity during the critical period of determination in the larval honeybee. Until the last larval instar, neurosecretory cells in the brain of the honeybee larva remain undifferentiated. During this undifferentiated period there is a quantitative difference in apparent activity, as evidenced by the frequency of occurrence of cytoplasmic particles in certain large neuroblasts. Whereas the histological criteria for neurosecretory cells cannot be fulfilled, the brain is presumably exercising a regulatory role in growth and development. These large neuroblasts with phloxinophil inclusions are the likely candidate cells. Between the ages of 40 and 80 hours there is considerably more activity in the queen larva than in the worker. At this time the corpora cardiaca are non-existent as discrete organs.Changes in size and histological appearance of the corpora allata indicate a progressive increase in activity during the first 3 days. In the queen, nuclear degeneration with an apparent cessation of activity occurs in the third and fourth instars. In the late larval and propupal stages a reorganisation occurs. This reorganization is characterized by the reappearance of a discrete nuclear membrane and well-defined nuclei. The presence of intercellular spaces, however, suggests a lack of activity. The corpora allata of worker larvae attain a smaller size during larval life; nuclear degeneration and subsequent reorganization have not been observed in worker larvae.The significance of these caste differences in endocrine activity is discussed.

Activity of the Corpora Allata during Pupal Diapause in Mimas tiliae (Lepidoptera)

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
K.C. HIGHNAM
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
The Brain

Histological observation indicates that the corpora allata of Mimas tiliae are secretory during pupal diapause, but become inactive by the end of the low-temperature period which terminates diapause. Removal of the corpora allata, together with the corpora cardiaca, from the diapausing pupa increases the thickness of the hypodermis and decreases the number of fat-body inclusions (compared with operated controls), but does not result in any visible signs of diapause break. The oxygen uptake of the pupa increases by about 60% by the end of the low-temperature period, compared with the diapausing pupa. It is probable that the corpora allata play some part in the maintenance of diapause, possibly by exercising some control over the fat-body metabolism. This role is subservient to that of the neurosecretory cells in the brain, together with their associated corpora cardiaca.

scholarly journals Peptidomic Analysis of the Brain and Corpora Cardiaca-Corpora Allata Complex in the Bombyx mori

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Xia Ning ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Wenfeng Chen ◽  
Zhangwu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Transcriptome Database ◽  
Peptidomic Analysis ◽  
Peptide Profiles ◽  
The Brain

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect for silk production. However, many of the mature peptides relevant to its various life stages remain unknown. Using RP-HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, and previously identified peptides from B. mori and other insects in the transcriptome database, we created peptide profiles showing a total of 6 ion masses that could be assigned to peptides in eggs, including one previously unidentified peptide. A further 49 peptides were assigned to larval brains. 17 new mature peptides were identified in isolated masses. 39 peptides were found in pupal brains with 8 unidentified peptides. 48 were found in adult brains with 12 unidentified peptides. These new unidentified peptides showed highly significant matches in all MS analysis. These matches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to provide new annotations for these mature peptides. In total, 59 mature peptides in 19 categories were found in the brains of silkworms at the larval, pupal, and adult stages. These results demonstrate that peptidomic variation across different developmental stages can be dramatic. Moreover, the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complex was examined during the fifth larval instar. A total of 41 ion masses were assigned to peptides.

A Comparative Study of the Endocrine System of the Honey Bee Larvae under Normal and Experimental Conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Dogra ◽  
G. M. Ulrich ◽  
H. Rembold
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Queen Larvae

Abstract The endocrine system of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) has been studied morphologically through post-embryonic development with several histological techniques. Marked differences in the structure of the neurosecretory complex of queen and worker larvae have been observed during larval stages. In queen larvae, morphogenesis of the neurosecretory cells, their axons and the formation of the chiasma takes place during end of 2nd and beginning of 3rd, in the workers at beginning of 4th larval instar. Stainable neurosecretory material was found in queen larvae at the beginning, in worker larvae at the end of 4th instar. In early larval stages, the corpora allata are more active in the queen. During initial 3 - 5 days of larval development the gland volume is reduced in both castes. After 36 to 48 hours of endocrine retardation, the glands become active again. The same histological effects are found under experimental conditions, where worker larvae of 2nd instar were reared in the incubator on basic food, Royal Jelly and with topically applied juvenile hormone I.

Endocrine activity during caste differentiation in Zootermopsis angusticollis Hagen (Isoptera): a morphometric and autoradiographic study

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1690-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ming Yin ◽  
Cedric Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Zootermopsis Angusticollis ◽  
Primary Reproductives

The diameters of the median neurosecretory cells (MNC) and their nuclei, and the volumes of the corpora cardiaca (CC) and corpora allata (CA) were measured in termites (Zootermopsis angusticollis) of differing age, sex, and caste. The synthetic activities of the MNC and CA were estimated autoradiographically.No significant differences in the diameters of the MNC and their nuclei were observed between insects of differing age, sex, and caste, with the exception of primary reproductives whose MNC are significantly larger than those of larvae of the same instar. The six types of MNC distinguishable histologically differ in their nuclear diameter : cell diameter ratios and in their rates of [3H]uridine and [3H]cystine incorporation.The volumes and (or) synthetic activities of the CA change markedly during the differentiation of reproductives and soldiers. The CA of recently molted primary and supplementary reproductives are several times larger than those of larvae and nymphs of the previous instar, yet their synthetic activity remains low. In contrast, the CA of presoldiers and soldiers are only slightly larger than those of previous instar larvae, but show high synthetic activity. The data are discussed in terms of the endocrine control of caste differentiation.

Control of Moulting and Metamorphosis in the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca Sexta (L.): Cessation of Juvenile Hormone Secretion as a Trigger for Pupation

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. FREDERIK NIJHOUT ◽  
CARROLL M. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Tobacco Hornworm ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Functional Failure ◽  
Prothoracicotropic Hormone ◽  
The Brain

During the final larval instar of the tobacco hornworm the presence of juvenile hormone (JH) inhibits the secretion of the brain's prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH). The corpora allata cease to secrete JH when the larvae attain a weight of approximately 5 g. The JH is cleared from the haemolymph in about 24 h. This process in itself renders the brain competent to release PTTH. The actual release of PTTH occurs at the very first photo-periodic gate after the JH has disappeared from the haemolymph. A functional failure of this normal mechanism is apparently responsible for the developmental standstill of Lepidoptera which diapause as mature larvae.

Morphology and histology of the cephalic endocrine glands of the damselfly, Coenagrion angulatum Walker (Zygoptera: Odonata)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192
Author(s):  
C. Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Ventral Glands ◽  
The Brain

In Coenagrion angulatum Walk. there is a single group of neurosecretory cells, median in position, on each side of the brain. The A- and B-type cells are intermingled within each group and their axons form a single pair of nerves to the corpora cardiaca. No pattern of secretory activity is discernible in the B cells. The A cells of mature nymphs and newly emerged adults are loaded with fuchsinophilic droplets but the amount of stainable material decreases as sexual maturation proceeds. A corresponding change in the location and amount of fuchsinophilic material takes place in the corpora cardiaca. In the mature nymph and young adult there is much material distributed throughout the gland. During sexual maturation it becomes less in quantity and restricted to a position adjacent to the aorta wall. A pair of stout, strongly fuchsinophilic nerves leaves the anterior end of the corpora cardiaca and passes ventrolaterally. These bypass the corpora allata and enter the thorax. Their point of termination has not been determined in this study. The corpora allata are small, roundish-oval bodies in the mature juvenile and newly emerged adult damselfly. While retaining their general shape they increase in volume several fold as sexual maturation takes place. The ventral glands are large, lobular structures in mature nymphs. Immediately after emergence they shrink and their cells become pycnotic. Generally by the fourth day of adult life they have disappeared. The results of this study are discussed in relation to those of other authors for the Odonata.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN IN RELATION TO OVARIAN CYCLE OF FRESHWATER CRAB, BARYTELPHUSA CUNICULARIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. JAWALE
Keyword(s):  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Ovarian maturation by neurosecretory cells in the brain of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis have been examined. The histological scrutiny of the brain of Barytelphusa cunicularis related with three types (A, B and C) of neurosecretory cells, which are classified on the basis of size, shape and tinctorial characters. All these types of cells marked annual cyclic changes of cytoplasmic material in association with ovarian cycle. The activity of these cells has been correlated with the ovarian cycle. They are distinguishable by their size, nature locations, shape, nucleus position, cell measure and the secretory product in the cytoplasm. The result indicates that the neurosecretory A, B and C cells of the brain seen involved in the process of mating ovulation. The neurosecretory materials staining intensity index of these cells is described.

De Novo Development of a Cavernous Malformation of the Brain: Significance of Factors with Paracrine and Endocrine Activity: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Lüdemann ◽  
Verena Ellerkamp ◽  
Alexandru C. Stan ◽  
Sami Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cavernous Malformation ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
The Brain

Neurosecretory Cells in the Brain of the Larva of Lucilia caesar L.

Nature ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 179 (4553) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALASTAIR FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
The Brain
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