THE INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE SPIRACLES OF A WOOD-BORING INSECT, ORTHOSOMA BRUNNEUM (FORSTER) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Paim ◽  
W. E. Beckel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Moist Environment ◽  
Boring Insect ◽  
Wood Boring

The respiratory gas exchange and the function of the spiracles in all stadia of Orthosoma brunneum are investigated. CO2 is released discontinuously from the prepupae, pupae, resting adults, and molting larvae while the animals are in atmospheric air. The spiracular valve of the prepupae and pupae flutters irregularly within a small amplitude in air. At intervals corresponding to the CO2 bursts the flutter amplitude increases. Intubation of one to two spiracles stops both CO2 bursts and the wide opening of the spiracles. In 4% ambient O2 or in 14% CO2 the spiracles open widely and the CO2 bursts are eliminated. Apparently, in this insect, inhabiting a moist environment, the spiracular control of external respiration is as highly developed as in free-living insects.

A canopy porometer for photosynthesis studies in field crops

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Daley ◽  
Conrad F. Cloutier ◽  
Jeremy N. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Chamber Light

A portable, modular porometer for whole-plant or canopy photosynthetic and respiratory gas exchange estimation is described. The system features within-chamber light and temperature measurement and in its present configuration permits analysis of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange by an extension of the syringe-based "CO2 depletion" technique. Operating characteristics of the system and potential modifications are discussed, along with limitations and applications.

Respiratory Gas Exchange and Growth of Bonin Petrel Embryos

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted N. Pettit ◽  
Gilbert S. Grant ◽  
G. Causey Whittow ◽  
Hermann Rahn ◽  
Charles V. Paganelli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange

Vertical profiling of atmospheric air pollutants in rural India: A case study on particulate matter (PM10/PM2.5/PM1), carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 110061
Author(s):  
Sneha Gautam ◽  
Cyril Sammuel ◽  
Aniket Bhardwaj ◽  
Zahra Shams Esfandabadi ◽  
M. Santosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Vertical Profiling

Eddy covariance flux measurements of momentum, heat and carbon dioxide in Hudson Bay at the onset of sea ice melt 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sims ◽  
Brian Butterworth ◽  
Tim Papakyriakou ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Brent Else
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Ice Fraction

<p>Remoteness and tough conditions have made the Arctic Ocean historically difficult to access; until recently this has resulted in an undersampling of trace gas and gas exchange measurements. The seasonal cycle of sea ice completely transforms the air sea interface and the dynamics of gas exchange. To make estimates of gas exchange in the presence of sea ice, sea ice fraction is frequently used to scale open water gas transfer parametrisations. It remains unclear whether this scaling is appropriate for all sea ice regions. Ship based eddy covariance measurements were made in Hudson Bay during the summer of 2018 from the icebreaker CCGS Amundsen. We will present fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), heat and momentum and will show how they change around the Hudson Bay polynya under varying sea ice conditions. We will explore how these fluxes change with wind speed and sea ice fraction. As freshwater stratification was encountered during the cruise, we will compare our measurements with other recent eddy covariance flux measurements made from icebreakers and also will compare our turbulent CO<sub>2 </sub>fluxes with bulk fluxes calculated using underway and surface bottle pCO<sub>2</sub> data. </p><p> </p>

Respiration in man during metabolic alkalosis

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Oral Sodium ◽  
Ventilation Response

A steady state metabolic alkalosis was induced in two subjects over a period of several days utilizing oral sodium bicarbonate in dosages of 50 g/day. The purpose of inducing steady state metabolic alkalosis was to study the effects of such a state on the respiratory center responses to inspired gas mixtures, containing carbon dioxide, and to contrast these results with the control studies. The experiment was so designed that the arterial pH in both subjects tended to return toward normal in the presence of significant increases in blood bicarbonate. Repeated study of ventilation responses with room air and 4% and 6% carbon dioxide in inspired air revealed a definite and significant decrease in ventilation response to carbon dioxide during the periods of steady state alkalosis as compared to the control periods. Normal responses returned after some time lag. A consistent rise in paCOCO2 occurred with alkalosis, thus demonstrating respiratory compensation. In neither subject was total lung function or gas exchange affected by the alkalosis. The experiment was confirmed on several occasions with reproducible results. Note: (With the Research Assistance of Mary Di Lieto) Submitted on May 22, 1961

scholarly journals Coca chewing for exercise: hormonal and metabolic responses of nonhabitual chewers

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1901-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Favier ◽  
Esperanza Caceres ◽  
Laurent Guillon ◽  
Brigitte Sempore ◽  
Michel Sauvain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Favier, Roland, Esperanza Caceres, Laurent Guillon, Brigitte Sempore, Michel Sauvain, Harry Koubi, and Hilde Spielvogel. Coca chewing for exercise: hormonal and metabolic responses of nonhabitual chewers. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 1901–1907, 1996.—To determine the effects of acute coca use on the hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise, 12 healthy nonhabitual coca users were submitted twice to steady-state exercise (∼75% maximal O2 uptake). On one occasion, they were asked to chew 15 g of coca leaves 1 h before exercise, whereas on the other occasion, exercise was performed after 1 h of chewing a sugar-free chewing gum. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, glucagon, and metabolites (glucose, lactate, glycerol, and free fatty acids) were determined at rest before and after coca chewing and during the 5th, 15th, 30th, and 60th min of exercise. Simultaneously to these determinations, cardiorespiratory variables (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen uptake, and respiratory gas exchange ratio) were also measured. At rest, coca chewing had no effect on plasma hormonal and metabolic levels except for a significantly reduced insulin concentration. During exercise, the oxygen uptake, heart rate, and respiratory gas exchange ratio were significantly increased in the coca-chewing trial compared with the control (gum-chewing) test. The exercise-induced drop in plasma glucose and insulin was prevented by prior coca chewing. These results contrast with previous data obtained in chronic coca users who display during prolonged submaximal exercise an exaggerated plasma sympathetic response, an enhanced availability and utilization of fat (R. Favier, E. Caceres, H. Koubi, B. Sempore, M. Sauvain, and H. Spielvogel. J. Appl. Physiol. 80: 650–655, 1996). We conclude that, whereas coca chewing might affect glucose homeostasis during exercise, none of the physiological data provided by this study would suggest that acute coca chewing in nonhabitual users could enhance tolerance to exercise.

Inspiratory Speech as a Management Option for Spastic Dysphonia

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon A. Harrison ◽  
Richard H. Troughear ◽  
Pamela J. Davis ◽  
Alison L. Winkworth
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Laryngeal Resistance

A case study is reported of a subject who has used inspiratory speech (IS) for 6 years as a means of overcoming the communication problems of long-standing adductor spastic dysphonia (ASD). The subject was studied to confirm his use of IS, determine the mechanisms of its production, investigate its effects on ventilatory gas exchange, and confirm that it was perceptually preferable to ASD expiratory speech (ES). Results showed that the production and control of a high laryngeal resistance to airflow were necessary for usable IS. Voice quality was quantitatively and perceptually poor; however, the improved fluency and absence of phonatory spasm made IS the preferred speaking mode for both the listener and the speaker. Transcutaneous measurements of the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the subject's blood were made during extended speaking periods. These measurements indicated that ventilation was unchanged during IS, and that ventilation during ES was similar to the “hyperventilation” state of normal speakers. The reasons for the absence of phonatory spasm during IS are discussed, and the possibility of its use as a noninvasive management option for other ASD sufferers is addressed.

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